NDC Active Ingredients A-Z Index

What are active ingredients?

The FDA defines an active ingredient as any component that provides pharmacological activity or other direct therapeutical effect. Active ingredients mitigate, treat, prevent diseases or affect the structure of bodily functions.

This page contains the complete alphabetical index of active ingredients in the NDC database. The table includes the substance name, definitions, usages and number of registered NDC products that contain that active ingredient.

Substance Name What is this Substance? Uses Count
(1,2,6,7-3H)TESTOSTERONE1
(Z)-IXABEPILONE1
.ALPHA.,.ALPHA.-DIBROMO-D-CAMPHOR2
.ALPHA.1-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR HUMAN3
.ALPHA.-HEXYLCINNAMALDEHYDE4
.ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACIDA family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)19
.ALPHA.-LIPOIC ACIDAn octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.24
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROLA natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.15
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATEA natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.36
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, D-5
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, DL-59
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL SUCCINATE, D-7
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, D-5
.ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL, DL-8
.BETA.-CAROTENEA carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).6
.BETA.-CITRONELLOL, (R)-12
.BETA.-D-MANNOPYRANOSE 1,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETATE 2-O-TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE11
.BETA.-SITOSTEROL3
.DELTA.14-TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE1
.GAMMA.-AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDThe most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.33
0.01-0.2 MOLE PERCENT BISACRYLAMIDE)1
1,2-DOCOSAHEXANOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOSERINE CALCIUM1
1,2-HEXANEDIOL3
1,2-ICOSAPENTOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOSERINE CALCIUM1
1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE2
1,3-BIS(BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YLTHIOMETHYL)UREA1
1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE2
1000 MW)3
11-HYDROXY-2-UNDECENOIC ACID1
2-((4-((4-(((2,4-DIAMINOPTERIDIN-6-YL)METHYL)METHYLAMINO)BENZOYL)METHYLAMINO)BENZOYL)AMINO)PENTANEDIOIC ACID, (2S)-1
2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN1
2,3-DIAMINOPROPIONIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE, (-)-1
2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACIDA chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.1
2,3-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACIDA mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.2
2,5-PIPERAZINEDIONE1
2,8-P-MENTHADIEN-1-OL, CIS-(+)-1
2000 MW)2
2000-5000 MW)1
2-AMINO-9-(((1RS)-2-CHLORO-1-(HYDROXYMETHYL)ETHOXY)METHYL)-1,9-DIHYDRO-6H-PURIN-6-ONE1
2-METHOXYESTRADIOLA metabolite of estradiol that lacks estrogenic activity and inhibits TUBULIN polymerization. It has antineoplastic properties, including inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of APOPTOSIS.1
2-NITROFURAN1
3-(((2S,4S)-4-SULFANYLPYRROLIDINE-2-CARBONYL)AMINO)BENZOIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE1
3,3'-DIINDOLYLMETHANE2
3500 MW)1
3-O-ETHYL ASCORBIC ACID1
3-QUINUCLIDINOL1
450000 MW)2
4-BUTYLRESORCINOL8
4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE, (4S,5R)-1
4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE, CIS-1
5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN, DL-1
5-METHOXYTRYPTAMINESerotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.2
5-METHYLQUINOLINE2
5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID3
5-O-DESMETHYLOMEPRAZOLE1
6-AMINOPENICILLANIC ACID3
7-AMINOMETHYL-10,11-METHYLENEDIOXYCAMPTOTHECIN1
7-ETHYL-10-HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECINA semisynthetic camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA TOPOISOMERASE I to prevent nucleic acid synthesis during S PHASE. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS and PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS.2
7-KETO-DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE10
7-OXODEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE 3-ACETATE12
9-PIPERAZINO OFLOXACIN1
ABACAVIRThis drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Abacavir belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Abacavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.1
ABACAVIR SULFATEThis drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Abacavir belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Abacavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.44
ABALOPARATIDEAbaloparatide is used to treat bone loss (osteoporosis) for women after menopause who are at high risk of having broken bones (fractures). It is similar to a natural hormone in your body (parathyroid hormone). It works by increasing bone density and strength. This effect helps to decrease the risk of having a fracture. This medication should not be used for children or young adults whose bones are still growing.3
ABAMETAPIR1
ABATACEPTA fusion protein immunoconjugate of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the Fc domain of human IgG1. It functions as a T-cell co-stimulation blocker that inhibits TNF-ALPHA and prevents the activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.This medication is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, a condition in which the body's own defense system (immune system) attacks healthy tissue. This leads to swelling in the joints, which causes pain and makes it harder to move. Abatacept works by weakening your immune system. This effect helps to slow down joint damage and reduce joint pain and swelling so you can move better. This medication is also used to treat other types of arthritis (such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis).6
ABELMOSCHUS MOSCHATUS FLOWER1
ABELMOSCHUS MOSCHATUS SEED4
ABEMACICLIBThis medication is used to treat certain types of breast cancer. Abemaciclib works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors.12
ABIES ALBA LEAFY TWIG5
ABIRATERONE2
ABIRATERONE ACETATEAn androstene derivative that inhibits STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE and is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PROSTATE CANCER.This medication is used to treat prostate cancer. Abiraterone belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). Testosterone, a natural hormone, helps prostate cancer to grow and spread. Abiraterone works by blocking the production of testosterone, thereby slowing the growth and spread of prostate cancer. This medication should not be given to women or children.70
ABROCITINIB9
ABRUS PRECATORIUS SEED10
ACACIAA plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The gums and tanning agents obtained from Acacia are called GUM ARABIC. The common name catechu is more often used for Areca catechu (ARECA).8
ACACIA DEALBATA POLLEN12
ACACIA LONGIFOLIA POLLEN3
ACACIA POLLEN22
ACALABRUTINIBThis medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as mantle cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma - SLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia - CLL). Acalabrutinib works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors.6
ACALABRUTINIB DIHYDRATE1
ACALABRUTINIB MALEATE3
ACAMPROSATEStructural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.1
ACAMPROSATE CALCIUMStructural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.This medication is used along with counseling and support to help people who are alcohol dependent not drink alcohol. Acamprosate works by restoring the natural balance of chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters). Before starting this medication, you should no longer be drinking alcohol. Acamprosate has not been shown to work well if you are still drinking alcohol when you start taking it.8
ACARBOSEAn inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE.Acarbose is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Acarbose works in your intestines to slow the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates from foods that you eat. This effect helps lessen your blood sugar rise after a meal.32
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.13
ACECLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE2
ACEPROMAZINE MALEATEA phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.2
ACER CAMPESTRE LEAF BUD1
ACER NEGUNDO INNER BARK1
ACER NEGUNDO POLLEN59
ACER NEGUNDO WOOD1
ACER NIGRUM WHOLE1
ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS POLLEN1
ACER RUBRUM POLLEN45
ACER RUBRUM WHOLE1
ACER SACCHARINUM POLLEN26
ACER SACCHARUM POLLEN69
ACER SACCHARUM SAP3
ACEROLA1
ACETALDEHYDEA colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.33
ACETAMINOPHENAnalgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.This drug is used to treat mild to moderate pain (from headaches, menstrual periods, toothaches, backaches, osteoarthritis, or cold/flu aches and pains) and to reduce fever.3968
ACETAZOLAMIDEOne of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)Acetazolamide is used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of altitude sickness. This medication can decrease headache, tiredness, nausea, dizziness, and shortness of breath that can occur when you climb quickly to high altitudes (generally above 10,000 feet/3,048 meters). It is particularly useful in situations when you cannot make a slow ascent. The best ways to prevent altitude sickness are climbing slowly, stopping for 24 hours during the climb to allow the body to adjust to the new height, and taking it easy the first 1 to 2 days. This medication is also used with other medications to treat high pressure inside the eye due to certain types of glaucoma. Acetazolamide belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the production of fluid inside the eye. It is also used to decrease a buildup of body fluids (edema) caused by heart failure or certain medications. Acetazolamide can work less well over time, so it is usually used only for a short period. It has also been used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (petit mal and unlocalized seizures).92
ACETAZOLAMIDE SODIUMThis medication is used with other medications to treat high pressure inside the eye due to certain types of glaucoma. Acetazolamide belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the production of fluid inside the eye. It is also used to decrease a buildup of body fluids (edema) caused by heart failure or certain medications. Acetazolamide can work less well over time, so it is usually used only for a short period. It has also been used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (petit mal and unlocalized seizures).9
ACETIC ACIDProduct of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)Acetic acid is used to treat an outer ear infection (external otitis). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria and fungus. Treating the infection reduces pain and swelling in the ear. Wetness in the ear canal can help bacteria and fungus to grow. This medication may also contain drying ingredients such as glycerin or alcohol. Drying of the ear canal helps to cure the infection.71
ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACIDThis medication is used with antibiotics and/or surgery to treat types of bladder infections that are caused by certain bacteria. These bacteria cause the level of ammonia in the urine to become too high. This effect can lead to a certain type of kidney stone (struvite). This medication works by stopping the bacteria from making the ammonia. The decreased levels of ammonia can slow the growth of the kidney stones and make the antibiotic work better on your infection.2
ACETONEA colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.14
ACETYL COENZYME AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.5
ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE-83
ACETYL L-TYROSINE4
ACETYL OCTAPEPTIDE-31
ACETYL TETRAPEPTIDE-31
ACETYLCARNITINEAn acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.2
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDEA neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.29
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE HUMAN1
ACETYLCYSTEINEThe N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.When inhaled by mouth, acetylcysteine is used to help thin and loosen mucus in the airways due to certain lung diseases (such as emphysema, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia). This effect helps you to clear the mucus from your lungs so that you can breathe easier. When taken by mouth, acetylcysteine is used to prevent liver damage from acetaminophen overdose.48
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUMA plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that has long been used in folk medicine for treating wounds.69
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM FLOWER16
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM FLOWERING TOP4
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM WHOLE16
ACHYRANTHES BIDENTATA ROOT1
ACHYRANTHES BIDENTATA WHOLE1
ACHYRANTHES JAPONICA ROOT2
ACHYROCLINE SATUREIOIDES1
ACITRETINAn oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.This medication is a retinoid used in the treatment of severe psoriasis and other skin disorders in adults.31
ACLIDINIUM BROMIDEAclidinium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Aclidinium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.6
ACMELLA OLERACEA FLOWERING TOP2
ACMELLA OLERACEA WHOLE2
ACONITIC ACIDA tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.2
ACONITIC ACID, (Z)-8
ACONITUM CHASMANTHUM WHOLE5
ACONITUM FEROX ROOT2
ACONITUM LYCOCTONUM2
ACONITUM LYCOCTONUM WHOLE2
ACONITUM NAPELLUSA plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain a number of diterpenoid alkaloids including: aconitans, hypaconitine, ACONITINE, jesaconitine, ignavine, napelline, and mesaconitine. The common name of Wolfbane is similar to the common name for ARNICA.396
ACONITUM NAPELLUS ROOT5
ACONITUM NAPELLUS WHOLE75
ACORAMIDIS HYDROCHLORIDE2
ACORUS CALAMUS ROOT7
ACORUS CALAMUS WHOLE2
ACOTIAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ACREMONIUM STRICTUM7
ACRIVASTINE3
ACTAEA CIMICIFUGA ROOT2
ACTAEA SPICATA ROOT38
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL237
ACYCLOVIRA GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.Acyclovir is used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses. It treats cold sores around the mouth (caused by herpes simplex), shingles (caused by herpes zoster), and chickenpox. This medication is also used to treat outbreaks of genital herpes. In people with frequent outbreaks, acyclovir is used to help reduce the number of future episodes. Acyclovir is an antiviral drug. However, it is not a cure for these infections. The viruses that cause these infections continue to live in the body even between outbreaks. Acyclovir decreases the severity and length of these outbreaks. It helps the sores heal faster, keeps new sores from forming, and decreases pain/itching. This medication may also help reduce how long pain remains after the sores heal. In addition, in people with a weakened immune system, acyclovir can decrease the risk of the virus spreading to other parts of the body and causing serious infections.222
ACYCLOVIR SODIUMA GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.This medication is used in certain people to treat outbreaks of herpes simplex infection of the skin (such as on the genitals), mucous membrane areas (such as the mouth, nose), or brain. It is also used in certain people to treat shingles infection. The viruses that cause these infections live in the body quietly until an outbreak occurs. Acyclovir does not cure these infections, but can speed healing of the sores, decrease pain/itching/formation of new sores, and lower the risk of other problems from the virus (e.g., infection spreading to other parts of the body/organs, persistent pain after sores heal).19
ADAGRASIB2
ADALIMUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to TNF-ALPHA and blocks its interaction with endogenous TNF RECEPTORS to modulate INFLAMMATION. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; CROHN'S DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.Adalimumab is used to reduce pain and swelling due to certain types of arthritis (such as rheumatoid, psoriatic, juvenile idiopathic, ankylosing spondylitis). This medication is also used to treat certain skin disorders (such as plaque-type psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa). It works by blocking a protein (tumor necrosis factor or TNF) found in the body's immune system that causes joint swelling and damage in arthritis as well as red scaly patches in psoriasis. Adalimumab belongs to a class of drugs known as TNF blockers. By reducing joint swelling, this medication helps to reduce further joint damage and preserve joint function. Adalimumab is also used to treat certain bowel conditions (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) and a certain eye disease (uveitis).55
ADALIMUMAB (HUMIRA)2
ADALIMUMAB-ADBM1
ADALIMUMAB-BWWD3
ADAPALENEA naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.This medication is used to treat acne. It may decrease the number and severity of acne pimples and promote quick healing of pimples that do develop. Adapalene belongs to a class of medications called retinoids. It works by affecting the growth of cells and decreasing swelling and inflammation.79
ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXILThis medication is used to treat a chronic viral infection of the liver (hepatitis B) in people 12 years of age and older. It works by slowing the growth of the virus, helping to lower the amount of virus in your body. It is not a cure for hepatitis B and does not prevent the passing of hepatitis B to others. This medication is a nucleotide analog.3
ADEMETIONINEPhysiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)1
ADENINEA purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.35
ADENOSINEA nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.159
ADENOSINE CYCLIC PHOSPHATE47
ADENOSINE DEAMINASEAn enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE to INOSINE with the elimination of AMMONIA.1
ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE DISODIUMAdenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.4
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATEAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.37
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE DISODIUM86
ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS LEAF1
ADONIS VERNALISA plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain cardenolide oligoglycosides such as adoniside, adonisidum and alepposide.2
ADONIS VERNALIS FLOWERING TOP4
ADONIS VERNALIS WHOLE3
ADO-TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINEImmunotoxin that consists of humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody TRASTUZUMAB covalently linked to anti-microtubule agent MAYTANSINOID DM1 for treatment of metastatic breast cancer in patients who previously received trastuzumab and a TAXANES, separately or in combination.Trastuzumab emtansine is used to treat certain types of breast cancer. This medication is used to treat tumors that produce more than the normal amount of a certain substance called HER2 protein. This medication is called a monoclonal antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate. Trastuzumab emtansine works by attaching to the HER2 cancer cells and blocking them from dividing and growing. It may also destroy the cancer cells or signal the body (immune system) to destroy the cancer cells. This monograph is about the following trastuzumab emtansine products: trastuzumab emtansine, ado-trastuzumab emtansine.1
ADRABETADEX1
ADUCANUMAB2
AEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS5
AESCULUS CARNEA FLOWER5
AESCULUS CHINENSIS WHOLE4
AESCULUS GLABRA NUT2
AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM BARK2
AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM FLOWER33
AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM LEAF2
AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM WHOLE7
AESCULUS X CARNEA FLOWER3
AESCULUS X CARNEA WHOLE2
AETHUSA CYNAPIUM39
AETHUSA CYNAPIUM WHOLE2
AFAMELANOTIDE6
AFATINIBA quinazoline and butenamide derivative that acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptors (ERBB RECEPTORS) and is used in the treatment of metastatic NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.3
AFATINIB DIMALEATEA quinazoline and butenamide derivative that acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptors (ERBB RECEPTORS) and is used in the treatment of metastatic NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.Afatinib is used to treat a certain type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer). It belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It binds to a certain protein (epidermal growth factor receptor-EGFR) in some tumors.4
AFLIBERCEPTAflibercept is used to treat certain serious eye conditions (such as wet age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy/macular edema, macular edema following retinal vein occlusion). This medication can help preserve vision and prevent blindness. Aflibercept belongs to a class of drugs known as growth factor inhibitors. It works by slowing the growth of abnormal new blood vessels in the eye and decreasing leakage from these blood vessels.7
AFOXOLANER1
AGALSIDASE BETAThis medication is used to treat a certain inherited disorder (Fabry disease) that causes buildup of a certain fat substance (GL-3) in some parts of your body. Worsening of this disorder can lead to kidney disease, heart attack, or stroke. Agalsidase beta works by replacing an enzyme that your body lacks, which helps break down the fat substance (GL-3) in your body. This can help prevent symptoms such as pain (especially in the hands and feet), dark red spots on the skin, a decreased ability to sweat, cloudiness of the front part of the eye, stomach/intestinal problems, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and hearing loss.2
AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA WHOLE1
AGATHOSMA BETULINA LEAF10
AGATHOSMA CRENULATA LEAF1
AGATHOSMA CRENULATA WHOLE1
AGAVE AMERICANA LEAF2
AGERATINA AROMATICA ROOT3
AGKISTRODON CONTORTRIX VENOM4
AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)1
AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS VENOM5
AGOMELATINE2
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIAA plant genus of the family ROSACEAE that has been used in folk treatment of diabetes. Members contain agrimoniin (TANNINS).5
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA FLOWER16
AGRIMONIA EUPATORIA WHOLE2
AGROPYRON FRAGILE WHOLE1
AGROSTEMMA GITHAGO SEED2
AGROSTIS GIGANTEA POLLEN56
AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA FLOWERING TWIG22
AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA POLLEN26
AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA WHOLE3
AIRThe mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.12
AJUGA REPTANS WHOLE1
AKEBIA STEM1
ALANINEA non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.56
ALANYL GLUTAMINE3
ALARELIN ACETATE1
ALBENDAZOLEA benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)This medication is used to treat certain tapeworm infections (such as neurocysticercosis and hydatid disease).30
ALBUMIN AGGREGATED2
ALBUMIN HUMANSerum albumin from humans. It is an essential carrier of both endogenous substances, such as fatty acids and BILIRUBIN, and of XENOBITOICS in the blood.27
ALBUTEROLA short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.3
ALBUTEROL SULFATEA short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.Albuterol (also known as salbutamol) is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems such as asthma. It is a quick-relief medication. Albuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.152
ALCAFTADINEThis medication is used to prevent itching of the eyes due to allergies. Alcaftadine is an antihistamine. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that causes allergic symptoms. Do not use this medication to treat red or irritated eyes due to wearing contact lenses. Contact your doctor for further instructions if this occurs.8
ALCALIGENES FAECALISThe type species of gram negative bacteria in the genus ALCALIGENES, found in soil. It is non-pathogenic, non-pigmented, and used for the production of amino acids.5
ALCHEMILLA XANTHOCHLORA FLOWERING TOP3
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Alclometasone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a low- to medium-strength corticosteroid.7
ALCLOXA14
ALCOHOL3195
ALCOHOL, X-RAY EXPOSED (1000 RAD)18
ALDESLEUKINAldesleukin is used to treat kidney or skin cancer. This medication is the same as a substance that your body normally makes (interleukin-2). In the body, this drug is thought to work by affecting the body's natural defenses (immune system). This effect slows or stops cancer cell growth.7
ALDOSTERONEA hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.6
ALECTINIB1
ALECTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE5
ALEMTUZUMABAn anti-CD52 ANTIGEN monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of certain types of CD52-positive lymphomas (e.g., CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA; and T-CELL LYMPHOMA). Its mode of actions include ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL CYTOTOXICITY.Alemtuzumab is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is not a cure for MS but it is thought to help by preventing immune system cells (lymphocytes) from attacking the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. It helps decrease the number of relapses and may prevent or delay disability.2
ALENDRONATE SODIUMA nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.Alendronate is used to prevent and treat certain types of bone loss (osteoporosis) in adults. Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases as you age, after menopause, or if you are taking corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) for a long time. This medication works by slowing bone loss. This effect helps maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Alendronate belongs to a class of drugs called bisphosphonates.60
ALENDRONIC ACID1
ALETRIS FARINOSA ROOT14
ALEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE1
ALFALFA48
ALFALFA TOP1
ALFATRADIOL1
ALFENTANIL HYDROCHLORIDEA short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.2
ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE24
ALGELDRATEA compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.1
ALGLUCOSIDASE ALFA1
ALIROCUMABAlirocumab is used by people who have blockage in the heart blood vessels to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and certain types of chest pain that require treatment in a hospital. It is also used by people who have an inherited condition that causes high levels of LDL. Treatment with alirocumab, a proper diet, and cholesterol-lowering drugs can help lower "bad" cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. Alirocumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by improving how well your body gets rid of LDL cholesterol. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.8
ALISKIREN HEMIFUMARATEThis medication is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Aliskiren works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. It belongs to a class of drugs known as direct renin inhibitors. This drug is not recommended for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects.12
ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA ROOT1
ALITRETINOINA retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.This medication is used to treat skin sores in patients with a certain type of AIDS-related cancer (Kaposi's sarcoma). Alitretinoin belongs to a class of medications called retinoids. It works by affecting the growth of skin cells. This medication should not be used when medications taken by mouth are needed to treat the Kaposi's sarcoma (for example, if you have had more than 10 new skin sores in the previous month, or if the disease affects the lungs or other organs).4
ALKYL DIMETHYL BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (C12-C16)2
ALLANTOINA urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.104
ALLENROLFEA OCCIDENTALIS POLLEN8
ALLIUM CEPA WHOLE8
ALLIUM SATIVUM WHOLE5
ALLOGENEIC HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS1
ALLOGENEIC THYMOCYTE-DEPLETED THYMUS TISSUE-AGDC1
ALLOGENIC ADIPOSE DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) EXOSOMES2
ALLOPURINOLA XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.Allopurinol is used to treat gout and certain types of kidney stones. It is also used to prevent increased uric acid levels in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. These patients can have increased uric acid levels due to release of uric acid from the dying cancer cells. Allopurinol works by reducing the amount of uric acid made by the body. Increased uric acid levels can cause gout and kidney problems.152
ALLOPURINOL SODIUM5
ALLOXANAcidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.4
ALLYLTHIOUREA55
ALMONDA plant species in the family ROSACEAE, genus Prunus which produces edible seeds called almonds.11
ALMOTRIPTAN MALATEAlmotriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Almotriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that narrows blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Almotriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.9
ALNUS GLUTINOSA BARK1
ALNUS GLUTINOSA LEAF2
ALNUS GLUTINOSA WHOLE1
ALNUS INCANA SUBSP. RUGOSA POLLEN29
ALNUS RHOMBIFOLIA POLLEN14
ALNUS RUBRA POLLEN17
ALNUS SERRULATA BARK2
ALNUS SERRULATA POLLEN7
ALNUS VIRIDIS SUBSP. CRISPA LEAF1
ALOEA plant genus of the family ASPHODELACEAE which is used medicinally. It contains anthraquinone glycosides such as aloin-emodin or aloe-emodin (EMODIN).96
ALOE ARBORESCENS LEAF1
ALOE FEROX LEAF5
ALOE PERRYI LEAF1
ALOE VERA FLOWER4
ALOE VERA LEAF15
ALOE VERA LEAF POLYSACCHARIDES1
ALOGLIPTIN BENZOATEAlogliptin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Alogliptin works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins. Incretins help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal. They also decrease the amount of sugar your liver makes.51
ALOPECURUS PRATENSIS1
ALOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE16
ALPELISIBThis medication is used to treat certain types of breast cancer. Alpelisib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
ALPHA1
ALPHA LIPOIC ACIDAn octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.23
ALPHA-ARBUTIN2
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROLA natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.1
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATEA natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.5
ALPINE STRAWBERRYA plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.24
ALPRAZOLAMA triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)Alprazolam is used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA).192
ALPROSTADILA potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.This medication is used to treat male sexual function problems (erectile dysfunction). It works by helping the blood flow into the penis to achieve and maintain an erection. This medication is not for use in women or children. This medication is not recommended for use in men with penile implants.28
ALTEPLASE2
ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA74
ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS LEAF4
ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS ROOT11
ALTRENOGEST7
ALUMINUMA metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.51
ALUMINUM ACETATE8
ALUMINUM BROMIDE8
ALUMINUM CARBONATE8
ALUMINUM CHLORIDEA compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.This medication is used to help control excessive sweating.14
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS8
ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE369
ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE ANHYDROUS3
ALUMINUM FLUORIDE8
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDEA compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.198
ALUMINUM IODIDE8
ALUMINUM NITRATE8
ALUMINUM OXIDEAn oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.78
ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE11
ALUMINUM SESQUICHLOROHYDRATE294
ALUMINUM SULFATE19
ALUMINUM SULFATE TETRADECAHYDRATE5
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM OCTACHLOROHYDREX GLY45
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM PENTACHLOROHYDRATE1
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM PENTACHLOROHYDREX GLY21
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLOROHYDRATE3
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLOROHYDREX GLY458
ALUMINUM ZIRCONIUM TRICHLOROHYDREX GLY83
ALVIMOPAN7
AMANITA MUSCARIA FRUITING BODY112
AMANITA MUSCARIA VAR. MUSCARIA1
AMANITA MUSCARIA WHOLE2
AMANITA PANTHERINA FRUITING BODY8
AMANTADINEAn antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.Amantadine is used to prevent or treat a certain type of flu (influenza A). If you have been infected with the flu, this medication may help make your symptoms less severe and shorten the time it will take you to get better. Taking amantadine if you have been or will be exposed to the flu may help to prevent you from getting the flu. This medication is an antiviral that is believed to work by stopping growth of the flu virus. This medication is not a vaccine. To increase the chance that you will not get the flu, it is important to get a flu shot once a year at the beginning of every flu season, if possible. Based on the recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the US, amantadine should not be used to treat or prevent influenza A because the current influenza A virus in the United States and Canada is resistant to this medication. For more details, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. Amantadine is also used to treat Parkinson's disease, as well as side effects caused by drugs (e.g., drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms), chemicals, other medical conditions. In these cases, this medication may help to improve your range of motion and ability to exercise. For the treatment of these conditions, amantadine is believed to work by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain.4
AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.55
AMANTADINE SULFATEAn antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.1
AMARANTH5
AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS SEED1
AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS POLLEN10
AMARANTHUS PALMERI POLLEN46
AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS POLLEN73
AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS POLLEN31
AMARANTHUS TUBERCULATUS POLLEN28
AMBENONIUM CHLORIDEA quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112)1
AMBERA yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees, found in the alluvial deposits of northeastern Germany. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber.8
AMBERGRISA gray substance found in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT of the SPERM WHALE.41
AMBRISENTANAmbrisentan is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). This condition is thought to be caused by increased levels of a certain natural substance (endothelin-1). This medication blocks the effects of endothelin-1, thereby helping to decrease the blood pressure in the lungs, slow the worsening of symptoms, and improve your ability to exercise.27
AMBROSIA ACANTHICARPA POLLEN29
AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA38
AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA POLLEN47
AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA WHOLE17
AMBROSIA BIDENTATA POLLEN11
AMBROSIA CONFERTIFLORA POLLEN11
AMBROSIA CONFERTIFLORA WHOLE1
AMBROSIA DELTOIDEA POLLEN5
AMBROSIA DUMOSA POLLEN7
AMBROSIA PSILOSTACHYA POLLEN50
AMBROSIA SALSOLA POLLEN4
AMBROSIA TRIFIDA POLLEN55
AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE2
AMCINONIDEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Amcinonide reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong corticosteroid.4
AMDINOCILLINAn amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.1
AMENTOFLAVONE1
AMERICAN GINSENG77
AMERICAN HAZELNUT2
AMERICAN LOBSTER4
AMIFAMPRIDINE4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.Amifampridine is used to treat a certain disorder that affects nerves and muscles (Lambert-Eaton syndrome). This disorder causes your body's immune system to attack healthy nerve cells, which results in muscle weakness. It is not known exactly how this medication works, but it can help lessen symptoms of muscle weakness and loss of movement caused by Lambert-Eaton syndrome.1
AMIFAMPRIDINE PHOSPHATE4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.Amifampridine phosphate is used to treat a certain disorder that affects nerves and muscles (Lambert-Eaton syndrome). This disorder causes your body's immune system to attack healthy nerve cells, which results in muscle weakness. It is not known exactly how this medication works, but it can help lessen symptoms of muscle weakness and loss of movement caused by Lambert-Eaton syndrome.5
AMIFOSTINEA phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.Amifostine is used to decrease the risk of kidney problems caused by treatment with a certain anti-cancer drug (cisplatin). It is also used to help prevent a certain side effect (dry mouth) caused by radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. Amifostine is thought to work by preventing certain chemicals from damaging healthy cells. It may also help repair cells damaged by cisplatin or radiation treatment.6
AMIKACINA broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.3
AMIKACIN SULFATEA broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.This medication is used to prevent or treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. Amikacin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.12
AMILORIDEA pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)1
AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDEA pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)6
AMILORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS3
AMILOXATE2
AMINO ACIDSOrganic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.8
AMINO ACIDS, HAIR KERATIN1
AMINO ACIDS, SOURCE UNSPECIFIED1
AMINOBENZOIC ACID4
AMINOCAPROIC ACIDAn antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.This medication is used to help control bleeding due to a condition where your blood does not clot the way it normally should (fibrinolysis). This may cause serious bleeding after certain surgeries or in certain conditions (such as bleeding disorders, liver disease, cancer). Aminocaproic acid works by helping your blood clot normally. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antifibrinolytics.53
AMINOHIPPURIC ACIDThe glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.1
AMINOLEVULINIC ACIDA compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.2
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDEA compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.5
AMINOPHYLLINEA drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.5
AMINOPHYLLINE DIHYDRATE8
AMINOSALICYLIC ACIDAn antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.This medication is used in combination with other drugs to treat tuberculosis. The treatment of active tuberculosis infection requires taking several drugs in combination for 6 months or longer. This medication may be used as part of this combined drug treatment. Aminosalicylic acid is known as an antituberculosis antibiotic. It works by stopping or slowing the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.1
AMIODARONEAn antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.1
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.77
AMISULPRIDEA benzamide derivative that is used as an antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is also used as an antidepressive agent.2
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDETricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.263
AMIVANTAMAB1
AMLEXANOX2
AMLODIPINEA long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.19
AMLODIPINE BENZOATEAmlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.2
AMLODIPINE BESYLATEA long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.Amlodipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Amlodipine belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Amlodipine is also used to prevent certain types of chest pain (angina). It may help to increase your ability to exercise and decrease the frequency of angina attacks. It should not be used to treat attacks of chest pain when they occur. Use other medications (such as sublingual nitroglycerin) to relieve attacks of chest pain as directed by your doctor.527
AMMI VISNAGA FRUIT5
AMMONIAA colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.This product is used to treat or prevent fainting. It works by increasing the body's urge to breathe.20
AMMONIA N-1321
AMMONIUM ALUM1
AMMONIUM BENZOATE4
AMMONIUM BROMIDE27
AMMONIUM CARBONATE40
AMMONIUM CATION1
AMMONIUM CHLORIDEAn acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.47
AMMONIUM LACTATEA normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)This medication is used to treat dry, scaly skin conditions (e.g., xerosis, ichthyosis vulgaris) and can also help relieve itching from these conditions. This medication works by increasing the moisture in the skin.16
AMMONIUM LAURYL SULFATE1
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC21
AMMONIUM SULFATESulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.3
AMMOPIPTANTHUS MONGOLICUS STEM1
AMNIOTIC FLUID (BOVINE)1
AMOBARBITAL SODIUMA barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)2
AMOEBA PROTEUS1
AMOTOSALEN HYDROCHLORIDE1
AMOXAPINEThe N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.This medication is used to treat depression. Treating depression can improve your mood and sense of well-being and allow you to enjoy everyday life more. Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant. It works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Because amoxapine has some effects that are similar to those of major tranquilizers, it may work better in patients who have agitation or anxiety along with depression.13
AMOXICILLINA broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.Amoxicillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Amoxicillin is also used with other medications to treat stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by the bacteria H. pylori and to prevent the ulcers from returning.452
AMOXICILLIN SODIUMA broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.3
AMPHETAMINEA powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.This medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills.11
AMPHETAMINE ASPARTATE18
AMPHETAMINE ASPARTATE MONOHYDRATE312
AMPHETAMINE SULFATEA powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.This medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Amphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills. This medication is also used to treat a certain sleeping disorder (narcolepsy) to help you stay awake during the day. It should not be used to treat tiredness or to hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder. Amphetamine may also be used along with a doctor-approved, reduced-calorie diet to help significantly overweight (obese) people lose weight. It should only be used for a short time (a few weeks) in people who have not lost enough weight with other treatments (such as dieting, other drugs, group programs). It may work by decreasing your appetite.367
AMPHIACHYRIS DRACUNCULOIDES POLLEN14
AMPHOTERICIN BMacrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.See also Warning section. This medication is used to treat a variety of serious, possibly fatal fungal infections. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.16
AMPICILLIN SODIUMSemi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.Ampicillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.134
AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATESemi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.Ampicillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.11
AMPROLIUMA veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.2
AMYL NITRITEA vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.7
AMYLOPECTIN (4,5-DIHYDROXY-1,3-DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIDIN-2-ONE CROSS LINKED)1
ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE FRUIT41
ANAEROCOCCUS TETRADIUS1
ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS7
ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS EXTRACT1
ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS WHOLE14
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE6
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS5
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE1
ANAKINRAA ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It helps to slow joint damage and reduces the joint pain/swelling caused by rheumatoid arthritis so that you can move better. Anakinra is a man-made form of a natural protein (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) made by the body. It helps to block the effects of another protein (interleukin-1) which can cause joint pain/swelling/stiffness. Anakinra is also used to treat a certain condition called Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID). It helps to improve symptoms of the disease such as fever, rash, joint pain, vomiting, and headache.2
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS SEED93
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS WHOLE5
ANAMORELIN HYDROCHLORIDE1
ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUMA species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.29
ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS FEATHER26
ANASTROZOLEA nitrile and triazole derivative that acts as a selective nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Anastrozole is used to treat breast cancer in women after menopause. Some breast cancers are made to grow faster by a natural hormone called estrogen. Anastrozole decreases the amount of estrogen the body makes and helps to slow or reverse the growth of these breast cancers.52
ANCYLOSTOMA CANINUM8
ANDEXANET ALFA3
ANDROCTONUS AUSTRALIS VENOM2
ANDROCTONUS AUSTRALIS WHOLE1
ANDROSTENEDIONEA delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.1
ANDROSTERONEA metabolite of TESTOSTERONE or ANDROSTENEDIONE with a 3-alpha-hydroxyl group and without the double bond. The 3-beta hydroxyl isomer is epiandrosterone.6
ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES ROOT2
ANEMONE HEPATICA VAR. OBTUSA3
ANEMONE NEMOROSA EXTRACT1
ANEMONE PATENS2
ANEMONE PATENS WHOLE6
ANEMONE PRATENSIS69
ANEMONE PULSATILLA209
ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS WHOLE2
ANGELICA ARCHANGELICA ROOT29
ANGELICA ARCHANGELICA WHOLE1
ANGELICA DAHURICA ROOT1
ANGELICA GIGAS ROOT1
ANGELICA PUBESCENS ROOT1
ANGELICA SINENSIS ROOT28
ANGIOTENSIN IIAn octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.2
ANGOSTURA BARK18
ANGUILLA ROSTRATA BLOOD SERUM5
ANHYDROUS CITRIC ACIDA key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.126
ANHYDROUS DEXTROSEA primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.5
ANHYDROUS LACTOSEA disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.1
ANHYDROUS TRISODIUM CITRATE1
ANHYDROVITAMIN A1
ANIBA ROSAEODORA WHOLE1
ANIDULAFUNGINEchinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.This medication is used to treat a variety of fungal infections. Anidulafungin belongs to a class of drugs known as echinocandins. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.9
ANIFROLUMAB3
ANILINE2
ANISE6
ANISUM1
ANNAMYCIN1
ANSER ANSER FEATHER26
ANSUVIMAB2
ANTAZOLINE PHOSPHATEAn antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.1
ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM4
ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM POLLEN39
ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM WHOLE1
ANTHRALINAn anthracene derivative that disrupts function and structure of MITOCHONDRIA and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.3
ANTHRAQUINONE2
ANTHRAX IMMUNE GLOBULIN HUMAN1
ANTI-BCMA02 CAR LENTIVIRAL VECTOR1
ANTIHEMOPHILIC FACTOR HUMAN1
ANTI-INTERLEUKIN-1.ALPHA. IMMUNOGLOBULIN G RABBIT5
ANTIMONYA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.64
ANTIMONY ARSENATE4
ANTIMONY PENTASULFIDE9
ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATEA schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.117
ANTIMONY TARTRATE ION2
ANTIMONY TRIIODIDE1
ANTIMONY TRISULFIDE173
ANTIPYRINEAn analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)5
AOD-96043
APALUTAMIDEApalutamide is used to treat men with prostate cancer. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). It works by blocking the effects of testosterone to slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer.12
APC-35643310
APC-35643410
APIOLE (PARSLEY)20
APIS MELLIFERA360
APIS MELLIFERA VENOM17
APIUM GRAVEOLENS WHOLE1
APIXABANApixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip/knee replacement surgery. With atrial fibrillation, part of the heart does not beat the way it should. This can lead to blood clots forming, which can travel to other parts of your body (such as the lungs or legs) or increase your risk for stroke. In the United States, apixaban is also approved to treat certain types of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis-DVT, pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent them from forming again. Apixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.53
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM ROOT16
APOMORPHINEA derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.1
APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDEA derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.16
APPLE13
APPLE CIDER VINEGAR1
APPLE FRUIT OIL1
APRACLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE4
APREMILASTThis medication is used to treat a certain type of arthritis (psoriatic arthritis). Apremilast is also used to treat a certain type of skin condition (moderate to severe plaque psoriasis). Apremilast belongs to a class of drugs known as phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. For the treatment of psoriatic arthritis, it decreases pain and swelling, and may help improve flexibility in the affected joints. For the treatment of plaque psoriasis, it may help to reduce the redness, thickening, and scaling of the skin that occurs with this condition. Apremilast is also used to treat mouth sores in people who have Behcet's disease. It helps to reduce the pain and improve the healing of these mouth sores.23
APREMILAST, (+/-)-1
APREPITANTA morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.Aprepitant is used with other medications to help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy). Aprepitant works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (substance P/neurokinin 1) that causes vomiting. This medication will not treat nausea or vomiting that has already started. Ask your doctor what you should do if you already have nausea or vomiting.32
APRICOT3
APRICOT KERNEL OIL2
APRINOCARSEN1
APROTININA single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)1
AQUA REGIA2
AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS WHOLE1
AQUILEGIA VULGARIS6
ARABICA COFFEE BEAN146
ARALIA RACEMOSA ROOT35
ARANEUS DIADEMATUS57
ARATINGA ERYTHROGENYS FEATHER7
ARBACLOFEN2
ARBUTIN11
ARBUTUS ANDRACHNE LEAFY SHOOT4
ARCHED SWIMMING CRAB, COOKED1
ARCTIUM LAPPA FRUIT2
ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT90
ARCTIUM LAPPA WHOLE2
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI LEAF49
ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATEArformoterol is used as a long-term (maintenance) treatment to prevent and decrease wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Arformoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). Arformoterol is also known as a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication does not work right away and should not be used for sudden attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor must prescribe a quick-relief medicine/inhaler (such as albuterol, also known as salbutamol) for sudden shortness of breath while you are using arformoterol. You should always have a quick-relief inhaler with you. Arformoterol is not approved to treat asthma. People with asthma using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as arformoterol) without also using an inhaled corticosteroid may have an increased risk of serious (sometimes fatal) breathing problems.15
ARGAN OIL2
ARGATROBAN23
ARGEMONE MEXICANAA plant genus of the family PAPAVERACEAE that contains isoquinoline alkaloids.4
ARGENTINA ANSERINA FLOWERING TOP2
ARGININEAn essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.79
ARGININE HYDROCHLORIDEAn essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.3
ARGININE PIDOLATE1
ARGIPRESSIN5
ARIPIPRAZOLEA piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.Aripiprazole is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, and irritability associated with autistic disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. Aripiprazole is known as an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals in the brain (neurotransmitters). This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. Aripiprazole can treat severe mood swings and decrease how often mood swings occur.337
ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXILExtended-release aripiprazole injection is used to treat a mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there) and improve your concentration. It also helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. Some brands of this medication are also used to treat bipolar disorder. It can help to decrease extreme changes in mood and help you feel less agitated. Extended-release aripiprazole injection is a long-acting psychiatric medication known as an atypical antipsychotic. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.16
ARIPIPRAZOLE MONOHYDRATE5
ARISAEMA DRACONTIUM ROOT3
ARISAEMA TRIPHYLLUM ROOT44
ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS ROOT14
ARISTOLOCHIA CLEMATITIS WHOLE4
ARISTOLOCHIA CYMBIFERA FLOWER1
ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE WHOLE7
ARMODAFINILA benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.Armodafinil reduces extreme sleepiness due to narcolepsy and other sleep disorders, such as periods of stopped breathing during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea). It is also used to help you stay awake during work hours if you have a work schedule that keeps you from having a normal sleep routine (shift work sleep disorder). This medication does not cure these sleep disorders and may not get rid of all your sleepiness. Armodafinil does not take the place of getting enough sleep. It should not be used to treat tiredness or hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder. It is not known how armodafinil works to keep you awake. It is thought to work by affecting certain substances in the brain that control the sleep/wake cycle.51
ARMORACIA RUSTICANA WHOLE1
ARNICA ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWER1
ARNICA CORDIFOLIA WHOLE3
ARNICA MONTANA512
ARNICA MONTANA FLOWER46
ARNICA MONTANA ROOT54
ARNICA MONTANA WHOLE91
ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS POLLEN12
ARSENICA shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)16
ARSENIC ACID1
ARSENIC CATION (3+)3
ARSENIC TRIBROMIDE12
ARSENIC TRICHLORIDE7
ARSENIC TRIIODIDE79
ARSENIC TRIOXIDEAn inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.Arsenic trioxide is used to treat a type of leukemia (acute promyelocytic leukemia-APL).711
ARSENIC TRISULFIDE9
ARTEMETHERAn artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.5
ARTEMISIA ABROTANUM FLOWERING TOP66
ARTEMISIA ABROTANUM WHOLE2
ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM POLLEN8
ARTEMISIA ANNUA POLLEN17
ARTEMISIA ARGYI LEAF2
ARTEMISIA CINA FLOWER9
ARTEMISIA CINA PRE-FLOWERING TOP51
ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS POLLEN2
ARTEMISIA FRIGIDA POLLEN12
ARTEMISIA LUDOVICIANA POLLEN17
ARTEMISIA LUDOVICIANA WHOLE2
ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA POLLEN36
ARTEMISIA TRIDENTATA WHOLE5
ARTEMISIA VULGARIS POLLEN39
ARTEMISIA VULGARIS ROOT40
ARTEMISIA VULGARIS WHOLE6
ARTEMISININ2
ARTESUNATEA water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities6
ARTICAINE1
ARTICAINE HYDROCHLORIDE22
ARUM MACULATUM ROOT4
ARUNDO PLINIANA ROOT40
ASAFETIDAA plant genus of the family APIACEAE. It contains pungent oils and resins. It is used to flavor curries, as a carminative, and as cat and dog repellent. The occasionally used common name of 'giant fennel' should not be confused with true fennel (FOENICULUM).27
ASARUM CANADENSE ROOT9
ASARUM EUROPAEUM9
ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDESA species of parasitic nematode that is the largest found in the human intestine. Its distribution is worldwide, but it is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation. Human infection with A. lumbricoides is acquired by swallowing fully embryonated eggs from contaminated soil.7
ASCIMINIB HYDROCHLORIDE2
ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA2
ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA ROOT1
ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA ROOT6
ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM1
ASCORBIC ACIDA six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin C in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra ascorbic acid. Low levels of vitamin C can result in a condition called scurvy. Scurvy may cause symptoms such as rash, muscle weakness, joint pain, tiredness, or tooth loss. Vitamin C plays an important role in the body. It is needed to maintain the health of skin, cartilage, teeth, bone, and blood vessels. It is also used to protect your body's cells from damage. It is known as an antioxidant.194
ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE2
ASCORBYL PALMITATE7
ASENAPINE11
ASENAPINE MALEATEThis medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Asenapine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there) and prevent severe mood swings. Asenapine is a psychiatric medication that belongs to the class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).33
ASFOTASE ALFA5
ASIAN GINSENG26
ASIMINA TRILOBA WHOLE1
ASPARAGINASEA hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.2
ASPARAGINASE ERWINIA CHRYSANTHEMI1
ASPARAGINEA non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)4
ASPARAGINE MONOHYDRATE4
ASPARAGUS23
ASPARAGUS ADSCENDENS ROOT1
ASPARTAMEFlavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID.14
ASPARTIC ACIDOne of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.23
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUSA species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.11
ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUSA species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.36
ASPERGILLUS NIDULANSA species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic nidulin is obtained. Its teleomorph is Emericella nidulans.15
ASPERGILLUS NIGER VAR. NIGER76
ASPERGILLUS TERREUS4
ASPIDOSPERMA QUEBRACHO-BLANCO BARK7
ASPIRINThe prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain from conditions such as muscle aches, toothaches, common cold, and headaches. It may also be used to reduce pain and swelling in conditions such as arthritis. Aspirin is known as a salicylate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking a certain natural substance in your body to reduce pain and swelling. Consult your doctor before treating a child younger than 12 years. Your doctor may direct you to take a low dose of aspirin to prevent blood clots. This effect reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack. If you have recently had surgery on clogged arteries (such as bypass surgery, carotid endarterectomy, coronary stent), your doctor may direct you to use aspirin in low doses as a "blood thinner" to prevent blood clots.862
ASPLENIUM SCOLOPENDRIUM TOP11
ASPLENIUM SCOLOPENDRIUM WHOLE1
ASTACUS ASTACUS15
ASTEGOLIMAB1
ASTERIAS RUBENS27
ASTRAGALUS CHINENSIS SEED1
ASTRAGALUS EXSCAPUS WHOLE1
ASTRAGALUS EXSCAPUS WHOLE FLOWERING/FRUITING2
ASTRAGALUS GUMMIFER ROOT1
ASTRAGALUS MONGHOLICUS ROOT5
ASTRAGALUS NUTTALLII LEAF5
ASTRAGALUS PROPINQUUS ROOT28
ATALUREN1
ATAZANAVIR SULFATEAn azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Atazanavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It may be given with certain other medications (such as cobicistat, ritonavir) to increase ("boost") the levels of atazanavir. This helps atazanavir work better. Atazanavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.55
ATENOLOLA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.Atenolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Atenolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.143
ATEZOLIZUMABThis medication is used to treat various cancers (such as bladder, breast, liver, lung, skin). It works by helping your immune system fight the cancer. Atezolizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.3
ATIPAMEZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE3
ATLANTIC COD10
ATLANTIC HALIBUT4
ATLANTIC MACKEREL2
ATLANTIC SALMON7
ATOGEPANT6
ATOLTIVIMAB2
ATOLTIVIMAB-EBGN1
ATOMOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDEA propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.151
ATORVASTATINA pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.18
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM ANHYDROUSA pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.6
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM PROPYLENE GLYCOL SOLVATE67
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATEA pyrrole and heptanoic acid derivative, HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR (statin), and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that is used to reduce serum levels of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; and TRIGLYCERIDES. It is used to increase serum levels of HDL-CHOLESTEROL in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS, and for the prevention of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES in patients with multiple risk factors.394
ATOVAQUONEA hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.Atovaquone is used to prevent or treat a serious lung infection called Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). This medication helps to stop infection symptoms such as fever, cough, tiredness, and shortness of breath.44
ATRACTYLODES MACROCEPHALA WHOLE1
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE8
ATRIPLEX CANESCENS POLLEN35
ATRIPLEX CONFERTIFOLIA POLLEN6
ATRIPLEX LENTIFORMIS POLLEN12
ATRIPLEX POLYCARPA POLLEN13
ATRIPLEX WRIGHTII POLLEN10
ATROPA BELLADONNAA plant species of the genus ATROPA, family SOLANACEAE that contains ATROPINE; SCOPOLAMINE; BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS and other SOLANACEOUS ALKALOIDS. Some species in this genus are called deadly nightshade which is also a common name for SOLANUM.458
ATROPA BELLA-DONNA FLOWERING TOP2
ATROPA BELLADONNA ROOT2
ATROPA BELLADONNA WHOLE10
ATROPINEAn alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.14
ATROPINE SULFATEAn alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.This medication is used before eye examinations (e.g., refraction) and to treat certain eye conditions (e.g., uveitis). It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Atropine works by widening (dilating) the pupil of the eye.145
AURANOFINAn oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.This medication is used as part of a complete treatment program including non-drug therapies (e.g., rest, physical therapy) to treat active rheumatoid arthritis. It is used to treat patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who have not responded to or cannot take other medications. Auranofin is a gold compound. Auranofin is not a true pain reliever (e.g., like aspirin) but it is thought to decrease pain that occurs with arthritis by decreasing inflammation. It is known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It decreases morning stiffness and pain/swelling in joints and can increase grip strength.2
AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS VAR. PULLUTANS35
AUTOLOGOUS CULTURED CHONDROCYTES1
AVACINCAPTAD PEGOL1
AVACINCAPTAD PEGOL SODIUM1
AVACOPAN4
AVALGLUCOSIDASE ALFA1
AVANAFILAvanafil is used to treat male sexual function problems (impotence or erectile dysfunction-ED). In combination with sexual stimulation, avanafil works by increasing blood flow to the penis to help a man get and keep an erection. This drug does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, hepatitis B, gonorrhea, syphilis). To decrease your risk of infection, always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condom/dental dams) during all sexual activity. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.10
AVAPRITINIB10
AVATROMBOPAG MALEATEThis medication is used by people with chronic liver disease and a certain blood disorder (low platelet count) who are scheduled to have a medical or dental procedure. Having a low platelet count increases the risk of too much bleeding during certain procedures. This medication increases the production of platelets by your body to help prevent too much bleeding from the procedure. Avatrombopag is also used to treat people with a certain blood disorder known as chronic immune thrombocytopenia-ITP. This is a condition where the amount of platelets in the blood is lower than normal. ITP can lead to serious bleeding problems. This medication increases the production of platelets by your body to help prevent too much bleeding from ITP.5
AVELUMABAvelumab is used to treat various types of cancer. It works by changing the action of your own immune system, directing it to attack cancer cells. Avelumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.1
AVENA SATIVA FLOWERING TOP168
AVENA SATIVA LEAF5
AVENA SATIVA POLLEN33
AVENA SATIVA TOP2
AVENA SATIVA WHOLE2
AVIBACTAM SODIUM3
AVICULARIA AVICULARIA7
AVIPTADIL1
AVOBENZONE2645
AVOCADO1
AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL1
AXITINIBA benzamide and indazole derivative that acts as a TYROSINE KINASE inhibitor of the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of advanced RENAL CELL CARCINOMA.This medication is used to treat kidney cancer. Axitinib works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.8
AZACITIDINEA pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.This medication is used to treat a group of blood/bone marrow disorders (myelodysplastic syndromes-MDS) in which the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells. People with MDS usually have problems such as infections, anemia, and easy bleeding/bruising. Azacitidine is believed to work by helping your bone marrow grow normal blood cells so you will need fewer blood transfusions. Azacitidine also kills abnormal blood cells that have grown too fast and do not work properly.42
AZADIRACHTA INDICA BARK17
AZADIRACHTA INDICA FLOWER1
AZADIRACHTA INDICA SEED OIL1
AZAERYTHROMYCIN A1
AZATHIOPRINEAn immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)Azathioprine is used to prevent organ rejection in people who have received a kidney transplant. It is usually taken along with other medications to allow your new kidney to function normally. Azathioprine is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. In this condition, the body's defense system (immune system) attacks healthy joints. Azathioprine belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. It works by weakening the immune system to help your body accept the new kidney as if it were your own (in the case of an organ transplant) or to prevent further damage to your joints (in the case of rheumatoid arthritis). Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of azathioprine, especially when used in children and young adults.40
AZATHIOPRINE SODIUMAn immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)1
AZELAIC ACIDThis medication is used to treat a certain skin condition called rosacea. It helps to reduce the number of inflamed skin lesions.22
AZELASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE48
AZILSARTAN1
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL11
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMILAzilsartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Azilsartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.9
AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS2
AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDRATEA semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.168
AZITHROMYCIN MONOHYDRATEA semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.81
AZITHROMYCIN, UNSPECIFIED FORM2
AZTREONAMA monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.Aztreonam is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria.20
AZURITE1
BABESIA MICROTIA species of protozoa infecting humans via the intermediate tick vector IXODES scapularis. The other hosts are the mouse PEROMYSCUS leucopus and meadow vole MICROTUS pennsylvanicus, which are fed on by the tick. Other primates can be experimentally infected with Babesia microti.40
BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA POLLEN20
BACCHARIS HALIMIFOLIA WHOLE3
BACCHARIS SAROTHROIDES WHOLE4
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IMMUNOSERUM RABBIT22
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STRAIN V770-NP1-R ANTIGENS3
BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN SUBSTRAIN TICE LIVE ANTIGEN2
BACILLUS CEREUSA species of rod-shaped bacteria that is a common soil saprophyte. Its spores are widespread and multiplication has been observed chiefly in foods. Contamination may lead to food poisoning.4
BACILLUS SUBTILISA species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.2
BACILLUS THURINGIENSISA species of gram-positive bacteria which may be pathogenic for certain insects. It is used for the biological control of the Gypsy moth.3
BACITRACINA complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)This medication is an antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial eye infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.41
BACITRACIN ZINCA complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the Tracy-I strain of Bacillus subtilis. The commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin A as the major constituent. It is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (From Goodman and Gilman, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140)331
BACLOFENA GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.Baclofen is used to treat muscle spasms caused by certain conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury/disease). It works by helping to relax the muscles.240
BACOPA MONNIERA LEAF2
BACOPA MONNIERI WHOLE6
BAICALIN1
BAKUCHIOL1
BALLOTA FOETIDA1
BALOXAVIR MARBOXILBaloxavir marboxil is an antiviral medication used to treat the flu (influenza) if your symptoms started less than 48 hours ago. It helps make the symptoms (such as stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, fever/chills, aches, tiredness) less severe and may shorten the recovery time by 1 to 2 days. Baloxavir marboxil works by stopping the flu virus from growing. It will not treat other kinds of infection besides the flu virus. Baloxavir marboxil is not a substitute for the flu vaccine. (See also Notes section.)12
BALSALAZIDE DISODIUMBalsalazide is used to treat a certain bowel disease (ulcerative colitis). It helps to reduce symptoms of ulcerative colitis such as diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and stomach pain. Balsalazide belongs to a class of drugs known as aminosalicylates. It works by decreasing swelling in the colon.16
BALSAM PERU9
BAMBUSA BAMBOS SAP3
BAMBUSA VULGARIS LEAF4
BAMBUSA VULGARIS STEM1
BAMBUSA VULGARIS TOP1
BAMBUSA VULGARIS WHOLE22
BAMLANIVIMAB6
BANANA11
BAPTISIA AUSTRALIS ROOT1
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA35
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA ROOT235
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA WHOLE7
BARBITALA long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression.1
BARBITAL SODIUM1
BARICITINIBBaricitinib is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It helps decrease pain, tenderness, and swelling in the joints.11
BARIUMAn element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.2
BARIUM ACETATE8
BARIUM BROMIDE7
BARIUM CARBONATE157
BARIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE34
BARIUM CITRATE7
BARIUM IODATE4
BARIUM IODIDE21
BARIUM OXALATE2
BARIUM OXALOSUCCINATE10
BARIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC8
BARIUM SULFATEA compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.21
BARLEY19
BARLEY MALT10
BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMISThe type species of the genus BARTONELLA, a gram-negative bacteria found in humans. It is found in the mountain valleys of Peru, Ecuador, and Southwest Columbia where the sandfly (see PHLEBOTOMUS) vector is present. It causes OROYA FEVER and VERRUGA PERUANA.49
BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS DNA13
BARTONELLA CLARRIDGEIAE49
BARTONELLA CLARRIDGEIAE DNA13
BARTONELLA ELIZABETHAE49
BARTONELLA HENSELAEA species of gram-negative bacteria that is the etiologic agent of bacillary angiomatosis (ANGIOMATOSIS, BACILLARY). This organism can also be a cause of CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE in immunocompetent patients.53
BARTONELLA HENSELAE DNA13
BARTONELLA QUINTANAA species of gram-negative bacteria in which man is the primary host and the human body louse, Pediculus humanus, the principal vector. It is the etiological agent of TRENCH FEVER.49
BARTONELLA QUINTANA DNA13
BARTONELLA VINSONII49
BARTONELLA VINSONII DNA13
BARTONELLA WASHOENSIS49
BARTONELLA WASHOENSIS DNA13
BASIC COPPER SULFATE2
BASIC CUPRIC CARBONATE10
BASIL2
BASILIXIMABA chimeric murine-human monoclonal antibody that functions as an INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR antagonist by binding to the alpha chain (CD25 ANTIGEN) of the interleukin-2 receptor on the surface of activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is used in the prevention of acute graft rejection episodes in patients undergoing renal transplantation.Basiliximab is used to prevent organ rejection in people who have received a kidney transplant. It is usually taken along with other medications (e.g., cyclosporine, corticosteroids) to allow your new organ to function normally. Basiliximab is an immunosuppressant drug known as a monoclonal antibody. It works by slowing down your body's defense system (immune system) to prevent your body from rejecting the new kidney after surgery (acute rejection).4
BASSIA SCOPARIA POLLEN38
BAY LEAF1
BAZEDOXIFENE ACETATE5
BEAN1
BEBTELOVIMAB2
BECAPLERMINA recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor B-chain dimer used to promote WOUND HEALING by stimulating PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.This medication is used to treat certain foot/leg ulcers in people with diabetes. It is used along with good foot/leg care (e.g., keeping pressure off the wound) to help the ulcer heal completely. Becaplermin works by attracting certain natural substances to the ulcer that help wound healing.2
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATEBeclomethasone is used to prevent and treat seasonal and year-round allergy symptoms (such as stuffy/runny nose, itchy eyes/nose/throat, sneezing). It may be used to treat symptoms (such as stuffy/runny nose) caused by other triggers (such as cigarette smoke, perfumes). It is also used to prevent the return of growths in the nose (nasal polyps) after removal by surgery. Beclomethasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the nasal passages.18
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE MONOHYDRATE2
BEDAQUILINE FUMARATEThis medication must be used with other medications to treat active multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs in people with limited treatment options. Bedaquiline belongs to a class of drugs known as antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of the bacteria that causes TB. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.3
BEE POLLEN2
BEEFMeat such as beef, goat, pork, or lamb which contains more MYOGLOBIN than POULTRY or SEAFOOD.27
BEEF HEART28
BEEF KIDNEY9
BEEF LIVER28
BEEF LUNG8
BEEF TONGUE4
BEETA species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).2
BELANTAMAB MAFODOTIN3
BELATACEPTA fusion protein immunoconjugate of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 and the Fc domain of human IgG1. It functions as a T-cell co-stimulation blocker that inhibits TNF-ALPHA and prevents the activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.Belatacept is used to help prevent organ rejection in people who have received a kidney transplant. It is used along with other medications (such as mycophenolate, corticosteroids) to allow your new organ to function normally. Belatacept belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's natural defense (immune system) to prevent your body from rejecting the new kidney.2
BELIMUMABThis medication is used to treat a certain type of lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus, in patients who are receiving other lupus medicines. It works by binding to a protein (found in high levels in patients with active lupus) in the blood and limiting the activity of the protein. It helps decrease the symptoms of lupus. Belimumab is a type of medication called a monoclonal antibody.5
BELINOSTATBelinostat is used to treat a certain type of cancer (peripheral T-cell lymphoma - PTCL). Belinostat works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
BELLADONNA LEAF8
BELLIS PERENNIS105
BELLIS PERENNIS WHOLE34
BELUMOSUDIL3
BELZUTIFAN2
BEMOTRIZINOL6
BEMPEDOIC ACID12
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE200
BENDAMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDEA nitrogen mustard compound that functions as an ALKYLATING ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT and is used in the treatment of CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA and NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA.28
BENDAMUSTINE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE3
BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDEA thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)2
BENOXINATE HYDROCHLORIDE6
BENRALIZUMABBenralizumab is used along with other medications to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.5
BENZALKONIUM2
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE1646
BENZENEToxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.22
BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDEBactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.128
BENZHYDROCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE3
BENZNIDAZOLEBenznidazole is an antibiotic that is used to treat a certain parasitic infection (Chagas disease). It works by stopping the growth of a certain parasite. This antibiotic treats only Chagas disease. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.2
BENZO(A)PYRENEA potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.1
BENZOCAINEA surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.626
BENZOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.1
BENZODODECINIUM BROMIDE1
BENZOIC ACIDA fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.89
BENZOIN RESIN5
BENZOIN, (+/-)-1
BENZONATATEThis medication is used to treat coughs caused by the common cold and other breathing problems (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma). It works by reducing the reflex in the lungs that causes the urge to cough. Use of this medication is not recommended in children younger than 10 years. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.151
BENZOPHENONE2
BENZOYL PEROXIDEA peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.This medication is used to treat mild to moderate acne. It may be used in combination with other acne treatments. When applied to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works by reducing the amount of acne-causing bacteria and by causing the skin to dry and peel. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.279
BENZPHETAMINEA sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)2
BENZPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE8
BENZTROPINE MESYLATEA centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.Benztropine is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs (antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine/haloperidol). Benztropine belongs to a class of medication called anticholinergics that work by blocking a certain natural substance (acetylcholine). This helps decrease muscle stiffness, sweating, and the production of saliva, and helps improve walking ability in people with Parkinson's disease. Anticholinergics can stop severe muscle spasms of the back, neck, and eyes that are sometimes caused by psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal signs-EPS). It is not helpful in treating movement problems caused by tardive dyskinesia and may worsen them. Benztropine should not be used by children younger than 3 years.61
BENZYL ALCOHOLA colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.26
BENZYL BENZOATE3
BENZYLPENICILLOYL POLYLYSINE1
BEPOTASTINE BESILATEThis medication is used to treat itching of the eyes due to allergies. Bepotastine is an antihistamine. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that causes allergic symptoms. Do not use this medication to treat red or irritated eyes due to wearing contact lenses. Contact your doctor for further instructions if this occurs.8
BEPOTASTINE BESYLATE3
BERACTANT1
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM ROOT BARK27
BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM WHOLE4
BERBERIS VULGARIS FRUIT11
BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT4
BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT BARK302
BERBERIS VULGARIS WHOLE5
BEROTRALSTAT1
BEROTRALSTAT DIHYDROCHLORIDE1
BEROTRALSTAT HYDROCHLORIDE6
BERTHOLLETIA EXCELSA WHOLE1
BERYLLIUMAn element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.39
BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE8
BERYLLIUM NITRATE7
BERYLLIUM OXYACETATE7
BERYLLIUM SULFATE TETRAHYDRATE8
BESIFLOXACIN2
BESIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE4
BETA CAROTENEA carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).6
BETA VULGARISA species of the Beta genus. Cultivars are used as a source of beets (root) or chard (leaves).21
BETA VULGARIS POLLEN4
BETA VULGARIS WHOLE8
BETAHISTINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.6
BETAINEA naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)This medication is used to treat high levels of a certain important body chemical (homocysteine) due to an inherited disorder (homocystinuria). Decreasing high homocysteine levels may help prevent serious blood clots, abnormal bone formation, brittle bones (osteoporosis), and eye problems (e.g., dislocated eye lens, nearsightedness). This medication works by decreasing blood levels of homocysteine. It does not correct the inherited disorder that causes the disease.10
BETAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)4
BETAMETHASONEA glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)3
BETAMETHASONE ACETATE15
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Betamethasone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong corticosteroid.106
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE17
BETAMETHASONE VALERATEThe 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Betamethasone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.39
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.12
BETHANECHOLA slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.1
BETHANECHOL CHLORIDEA slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.This medication is used to treat certain bladder problems such as the inability to urinate or empty the bladder completely due to certain causes (e.g., surgery, bladder muscle problems). It works by helping the bladder muscle to squeeze better, thereby improving your ability to urinate.29
BETIATIDE3
BETIBEGLOGENE AUTOTEMCEL1
BETRIXABAN MALEATEBetrixaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming in people who are in the hospital for a serious illness and at an increased risk for blood clots (such as by being bedridden). Betrixaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.1
BETULA LENTA POLLEN39
BETULA LENTA WHOLE2
BETULA NIGRA POLLEN80
BETULA OCCIDENTALIS POLLEN15
BETULA OCCIDENTALIS WHOLE3
BETULA PAPYRIFERA POLLEN23
BETULA PAPYRIFERA WHOLE1
BETULA PENDULA BARK6
BETULA PENDULA LEAF18
BETULA PENDULA POLLEN10
BETULA PENDULA WHOLE1
BETULA PENDULA WOOD1
BETULA POPULIFOLIA POLLEN18
BETULA PUBESCENS BARK19
BETULA PUBESCENS FLOWER BUD5
BETULA PUBESCENS LEAF22
BEVACIZUMABAn anti-VEGF humanized murine monoclonal antibody. It inhibits VEGF RECEPTORS and helps to prevent PATHOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS.This medication is a man-made antibody (IgG1) used to treat various types of cancer. This drug works by blocking a certain protein (vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF) thereby decreasing the blood supply to the tumor and slowing tumor growth. This monograph is about the following bevacizumab products: bevacizumab, bevacizumab-awwb, and bevacizumab-bvzr.15
BEVACIZUMAB-BVZR1
BEXAGLIFLOZIN2
BEXAROTENEA rexinoid (an RXR-binding ligand), tetrahydronaphthalene derivative and RETINOID X RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA.Bexarotene is used to treat skin problems from a certain type of cancer (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-CTCL). It belongs to a class of drugs called retinoids (vitamin A derivatives). Bexarotene works by slowing or stopping the growth of cells.27
BEZAFIBRATEAn antilipemic agent that lowers CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES. It decreases LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and increases HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.1
BEZLOTOXUMAB3
BIANCAEA DECAPETALA ROOT BARK1
BICALUTAMIDEBicalutamide is used to treat prostate cancer. This medication works by blocking the action of male hormones in the prostate, slowing the growth of cancer cells. This medication should not be used in women and children.20
BICISATE DIHYDROCHLORIDE2
BICTEGRAVIR2
BICTEGRAVIR SODIUM8
BIFENTHRIN9
BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUMA species of Bifidobacterium that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and VAGINA. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, may modulate the immune response, and is used as a PROBIOTIC.1
BILASTINE3
BILBERRY20
BIMATOPROSTA cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.Bimatoprost is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open-angle type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent blindness. This medication works by regulating the flow of fluid within the eye to maintain a normal pressure.46
BIMEKIZUMAB3
BINETRAKIN3
BINIMETINIBBinimetinib is used to treat a type of skin cancer (melanoma). Binimetinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.2
BIO-110061
BIOTINA water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.Biotin (vitamin B7) is used to prevent or treat low levels of vitamin B7 in people who do not get enough of the vitamin from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin B7. However, some conditions (such as pregnancy, parenteral nutrition, rapid weight loss) can cause low levels of vitamin B7.64
BIOTINOYL TRIPEPTIDE-11
BIRCH TRITERPENES1
BISACODYLA diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)Bisacodyl is used to treat constipation. It may also be used to clean out the intestines before a bowel examination/surgery. Bisacodyl is known as a stimulant laxative. It works by increasing the movement of the intestines, helping the stool to come out.148
BISMUTHA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.This medication is used to treat occasional upset stomach, heartburn, and nausea. It is also used to treat diarrhea and help prevent travelers' diarrhea. It works by helping to slow the growth of bacteria that might be causing the diarrhea. This product should not be used to self-treat diarrhea if you also have a fever or blood/mucus in the stools. These could be signs of a serious health condition. Consult your doctor promptly for proper evaluation and treatment if you have these symptoms. This medication is used under a doctor's direction with other medication to treat stomach ulcers caused by a certain bacteria (Helicobacter pylori). Do not use this medication to self-treat ulcers. Bismuth subsalicylate is a salicylate. Salicylates can cause serious bleeding problems when used alone in patients with ulcers. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.38
BISMUTH CITRATE4
BISMUTH HYDROXIDE1
BISMUTH OXIDE10
BISMUTH PHOSPHATE16
BISMUTH SUBCARBONATE4
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE POTASSIUM6
BISMUTH SUBGALLATE7
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE38
BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATEThis medication is used to treat occasional upset stomach, heartburn, and nausea. It is also used to treat diarrhea and help prevent travelers' diarrhea. It works by helping to slow the growth of bacteria that might be causing the diarrhea. This product should not be used to self-treat diarrhea if you also have a fever or blood/mucus in the stools. These could be signs of a serious health condition. Consult your doctor promptly for proper evaluation and treatment if you have these symptoms. This medication is used under a doctor's direction with other medication to treat stomach ulcers caused by a certain bacteria (Helicobacter pylori). Do not use this medication to self-treat ulcers. Bismuth subsalicylate is a salicylate. Salicylates can cause serious bleeding problems when used alone in patients with ulcers. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.288
BISMUTH TRIBROMOPHENATE1
BISOCTRIZOLE1
BISOPROLOLA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.1
BISOPROLOL FUMARATEA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.Bisoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body such as epinephrine on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.92
BISOXATIN ACETATE1
BISPHENOL A12
BITTER ALMOND2
BIVALIRUDIN32
BLACK COHOSH134
BLACK CURRANT6
BLACK MUSTARD SEED30
BLACK OLIVE1
BLACK PEPPER19
BLACK SEA BASS1
BLACK WALNUTA plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that provides the familiar walnut.13
BLACK WALNUT HUSK3
BLACKBERRYA plant genus of the family Rosaceae whose members include blackberries and raspberries.3
BLACK-EYED PEA1
BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINISA species of parasitic protozoa found in the intestines of humans and other primates. It was classified as a yeast in 1912. Over the years, questions arose about this designation. In 1967, many physiological and morphological B. hominis characteristics were reported that fit a protozoan classification. Since that time, other papers have corroborated this work and the organism is now recognized as a protozoan parasite of humans causing intestinal disease with potentially disabling symptoms.7
BLATTA ORIENTALIS38
BLATTELLA GERMANICA18
BLEOMYCINA complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.1
BLEOMYCIN SULFATEA complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.Bleomycin is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. This medication may also be used to control the build-up of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion) caused by tumors that have spread to the lungs. For this condition, bleomycin is placed in the space around the lungs through a chest tube.15
BLINATUMOMABThis medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (acute lymphocytic leukemia-ALL). Blinatumomab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
BLUE CRAB4
BLUEBERRYSeveral species of the genus Vaccinium which produce the edible blueberry fruit.2
BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE1
BOLETUS SATANAS FRUITING BODY5
BOMBYX MORI FIBER6
BOMBYX MORI WHOLE1
BORAGE14
BORAGO OFFICINALIS FLOWER4
BORAGO OFFICINALIS WHOLE1
BORDETELLA PERTUSSISA species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of WHOOPING COUGH. Its cells are minute coccobacilli that are surrounded by a slime sheath.4
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)11
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS FIMBRIAE 2/3 ANTIGEN5
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS PERTACTIN ANTIGEN5
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS PERTACTIN ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)6
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS TOXOID ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE, GLUTARALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)6
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS TOXOID ANTIGEN (GLUTARALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)5
BORIC ACID16
BORNEOL11
BORONA trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.41
BORON CITRATE3
BORON GLUCONATE1
BORON OXIDE8
BORRELIA BURGDORFERIA specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme disease spirochete.50
BORTEZOMIBA pyrazine and boronic acid derivative that functions as a reversible PROTEASOME INHIBITOR. It is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA and MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA.This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.48
BORTEZOMIB BORONIC ANHYDRIDE3
BOS TAURUS ADRENAL CORTEX1
BOS TAURUS ADRENAL GLAND60
BOS TAURUS ARTERY4
BOS TAURUS BILE32
BOS TAURUS BONE11
BOS TAURUS BONE MARROW1
BOS TAURUS BRAIN21
BOS TAURUS BRAINSTEM4
BOS TAURUS CARTILAGE19
BOS TAURUS CEREBELLUM17
BOS TAURUS COLON4
BOS TAURUS COLOSTRUM4
BOS TAURUS CONJUNCTIVA3
BOS TAURUS DANDER2
BOS TAURUS ESOPHAGUS1
BOS TAURUS EYE21
BOS TAURUS FRONTAL LOBE2
BOS TAURUS GALLBLADDER18
BOS TAURUS GALLSTONE1
BOS TAURUS HAIR6
BOS TAURUS HYPOTHALAMUS43
BOS TAURUS INTERVERTEBRAL DISC22
BOS TAURUS JOINT CAPSULE2
BOS TAURUS LYMPH3
BOS TAURUS LYMPH VESSEL8
BOS TAURUS MAMMARY GLAND4
BOS TAURUS MESENCHYME2
BOS TAURUS NASAL MUCOSA10
BOS TAURUS NERVE23
BOS TAURUS OLFACTORY BULB1
BOS TAURUS OVARY16
BOS TAURUS PANCREAS8
BOS TAURUS PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE2
BOS TAURUS PARATHYROID GLAND17
BOS TAURUS PAROTID GLAND2
BOS TAURUS PINEAL GLAND12
BOS TAURUS PITUITARY GLAND31
BOS TAURUS PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR31
BOS TAURUS PLACENTA13
BOS TAURUS PROSTATE GLAND7
BOS TAURUS RED BLOOD CELL1
BOS TAURUS SKIN17
BOS TAURUS SOLAR PLEXUS1
BOS TAURUS SOMATIC NERVE1
BOS TAURUS SPINAL CORD1
BOS TAURUS SPLEEN22
BOS TAURUS TENDON3
BOS TAURUS TESTICLE18
BOS TAURUS THYMUS37
BOS TAURUS URINARY BLADDER1
BOS TAURUS UTERUS6
BOS TAURUS VEIN1
BOSENTANA sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.Bosentan is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). This condition is thought to be caused by increased levels of a certain natural substance (endothelin-1). This medication blocks the effects of endothelin-1, thereby helping to decrease the blood pressure in the lungs, slow the worsening of symptoms from the disease, and improve your ability to exercise.26
BOSENTAN ANHYDROUSA sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.2
BOSUTINIBBosutinib is used to treat a certain type of blood cancer (chronic myelogenous leukemia-CML). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
BOSUTINIB MONOHYDRATE8
BOSWELLIA SACRA BARK1
BOTHROPS ATROX VENOM2
BOTRYOGLOSSUM PLATYCARPUM1
BOTRYTIS CINEREA21
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A33
BOVINE TYPE I COLLAGEN2
BPC-1574
BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR HUMAN5
BRASSICA RAPA POLLEN5
BRAZIL NUT10
BREMELANOTIDE3
BREMELANOTIDE ACETATE2
BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTINImmunoconjugate that consists of the chimeric monoclonal anti - CD30 ANTIGEN antibody cAC-10 conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E. It is used for the treatment of LYMPHOMA.Brentuximab is used to treat certain types of cancers (Hodgkin's lymphoma, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, CD30-expressing mycosis fungoides). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
BRETYLIUM TOSYLATEAn agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.1
BREXANOLONE4
BREXPIPRAZOLEThis medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, depression). Brexpiprazole helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there). In addition, this medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Brexpiprazole is a psychiatric medication that belongs to the class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.44
BREXUCABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL2
BRIGATINIBBrigatinib is used to treat a certain type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
BRILLIANT BLUE G2
BRILLIANT GREEN1
BRIMONIDINE TARTRATEA quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.This medication is used to treat open-angle glaucoma or high fluid pressure in the eye. Lowering high fluid pressure in the eye reduces the risk of vision loss, nerve damage, or blindness. This medication lowers pressure by allowing better fluid drainage from within the eye and also by reducing the amount of fluid formed in the eye. It is known as an alpha agonist. This drug is not recommended for use in children less than 2 years of age due to an increased risk of serious side effects such as very slowed breathing. Ask the doctor or pharmacist for details.59
BRINCIDOFOVIR4
BRINZOLAMIDEBrinzolamide is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle-type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. This medication works by decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye. It belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.21
BRIVARACETAMBrivaracetam is used to treat seizures (epilepsy).17
BRIZA MAXIMA WHOLE2
BROCCOLI4
BRODALUMABThis medication is used to treat plaque psoriasis. Brodalumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking a certain natural protein in your body (interleukin-17A) that may cause inflammation and swelling. Brodalumab treatment may lead to reduced plaque thickness, redness, and scaling.2
BROLUCIZUMAB2
BROMELAINSProtein-digesting and milk-clotting enzymes found in PINEAPPLE fruit juice and stem tissue. Enzymes from the two sources are distinguished as fruit bromelain and stem bromelain. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.5
BROMFENAC1
BROMFENAC SODIUMThis medication is used to treat swelling (inflammation) and pain in the eye after a certain type of eye surgery (cataract surgery). Bromfenac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by blocking the effects of certain natural substances (prostaglandins) that cause pain and inflammation.24
BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDEA mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)1
BROMINEA halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.65
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATEA semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.Bromocriptine is used alone or with other medications (such as levodopa) to treat Parkinson's disease. It can improve your ability to move and can decrease shakiness (tremor), stiffness, slowed movement, and unsteadiness. It may also decrease the number of episodes of not being able to move ("on-off syndrome"). Bromocriptine is also used to treat high levels of a certain hormone made by the body (prolactin). High levels of prolactin may cause problems such as unwanted breast milk, missed/stopped periods, difficulty becoming pregnant, decreased sperm production, and decreased sexual ability. Bromocriptine may be used to treat a type of tumor which causes the high levels of prolactin (prolactin-secreting adenomas). It can help to reduce the tumor size. Bromocriptine is not recommended for stopping unwanted breast milk after pregnancy, miscarriage, or abortion because of possible serious side effects (such as high blood pressure, seizure, heart attack, stroke). Bromocriptine is also used to treat high levels of growth hormone (acromegaly). Bromocriptine is an ergot medication that works by acting like a certain natural substance (dopamine) in the brain. It also prevents the release of certain hormones (growth hormone, prolactin). Bromocriptine can lower these hormone levels, but it does not cure the causes of the increased levels.13
BROMOETHANE8
BROMOLYSERGIDE1
BROMPHENIRAMINE MALEATEHistamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.81
BROMUS INERMIS POLLEN35
BROMUS RAMOSUS FLOWER6
BROMUS RAMOSUS WHOLE2
BROMUS SECALINUS POLLEN3
BROSIMUM ACUTIFOLIUM BARK1
BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA POLLEN24
BROWN RICE10
BRUCELLA ABORTUSA species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and placentitis are frequently produced in the pregnant animal. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected.2
BRUCELLA MELITENSISA species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are sheep and goats. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected. In general, these organisms tend to be more virulent for laboratory animals than BRUCELLA ABORTUS and may cause fatal infections.16
BRUGIA MALAYIA species of parasitic nematode causing Malayan filariasis and having a distribution centering roughly on the Malay peninsula. The life cycle of B. malayi is similar to that of WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI, except that in most areas the principal mosquito vectors belong to the genus Mansonia.15
BRYONIA ALBA ROOT563
BRYONIA ALBA WHOLE27
BRYONIA CRETICA SUBSP. DIOICA ROOT3
BRYONIA DIOICA ROOT13
BUCKWHEAT6
BUDESONIDEA glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.Budesonide is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works directly in the lungs to make breathing easier by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.122
BUFEXAMACA benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.1
BUFO BUFO CUTANEOUS GLAND28
BUFO BUFO WHOLE1
BUMETANIDEA sulfamyl diuretic.Bumetanide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. Bumetanide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.83
BUPARVAQUONE1
BUPIVACAINEA widely used local anesthetic agent.15
BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA widely used local anesthetic agent.133
BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS2
BUPRENORPHINEA derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to arthritis, chronic back pain). Buprenorphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (7.5, 10, 15, or 20 micrograms per hour patches) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate amounts of opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if used by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use this medication to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional ("as needed") use.54
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDEA derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.143
BUPROPIONA propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.3
BUPROPION HYDROBROMIDE8
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDEA propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.364
BUPROPION, (R)-1
BUPROPION, (S)-1
BUROSUMAB9
BUSERELIN ACETATEA potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.1
BUSPIRONEAn anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.1
BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.247
BUSULFANAn alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.Busulfan is used as a pretreatment for patients who are undergoing stem cell transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).22
BUTABARBITAL1
BUTABARBITAL SODIUM1
BUTAFOSFAN3
BUTALBITAL101
BUTAMBEN6
BUTENAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE23
BUTOCONAZOLE NITRATEThis medication is used to treat vaginal yeast infections. Butoconazole reduces vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that may occur with this condition. This medication is an azole antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of yeast (fungus) that causes the infection.3
BUTORPHANOL TARTRATEA synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.This medication is used to treat moderate to severe pain, including pain from surgery, muscle pain, and migraine headaches. Butorphanol is an opioid pain reliever similar to morphine. It acts on certain centers in the brain to give you pain relief. Butorphanol can also block the effects of opioids and can cause withdrawal symptoms in people dependent on opioids. If possible, people who have recently used opioids in high doses or for a long time should not use butorphanol. (See also Side Effects section.)12
BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENEA di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.12
BUTYLBENZENE2
BUTYLENE GLYCOL7
BUTYLPARABEN3
BUTYLSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDE3
BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA) BUTTER UNSAPONIFIABLES1
BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS LEAFY TWIG1
C12-17 ALKANE5
C12-20 ACID PEG-8 ESTER4
C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN1
C20-22 ALCOHOLS2
CABAZITAXELCabazitaxel is used to treat prostate cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
CABBAGE4
CABERGOLINEAn ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.This medication is used to treat high levels of prolactin hormone in your body. High levels of prolactin in women can cause symptoms such as unwanted breast milk and missed periods and can cause difficulty becoming pregnant. High levels of prolactin in men can cause symptoms such as enlarged breasts and decreased sexual ability/desire. Cabergoline is an ergot medication and works by blocking the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland.11
CABOTEGRAVIR2
CABOTEGRAVIR SODIUM4
CABOZANTINIB2
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATEThis medication is used to treat various types of cancer (including kidney, thyroid, liver cancer). Cabozantinib belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.10
CADMIUMAn element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.48
CADMIUM BROMIDE7
CADMIUM CHLORIDEA cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)16
CADMIUM FLUORIDE8
CADMIUM IODIDE6
CADMIUM SULFATE8
CADMIUM SULFIDE19
CAFFEIC ACID5
CAFFEINEA methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.532
CAFFEINE CITRATEThis medication is used for the short-term treatment of a breathing problem (apnea) in premature infants. Caffeine blocks certain proteins (adenosine receptors) which lead to improved breathing in these infants.20
CAGRILINTIDE2
CAIRINA MOSCHATA HEART/LIVER AUTOLYSATE38
CAJUPUT OIL16
CALASPARGASE PEGOL1
CALCIFEDIOLThe major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.This medication is used to treat people with serious kidney disease whose bodies make too much of a certain natural substance (parathyroid hormone-PTH). High amounts of PTH can affect other minerals in the body (such as calcium, phosphorus) that are needed for strong bones. Calcifediol belongs to a class of drugs known as vitamin D analogs. It works by decreasing PTH and increasing calcium and phosphorus in the body.5
CALCIFEDIOL ANHYDROUSThe major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.1
CALCIPOTRIENEThis medication is used to treat psoriasis. Calcipotriene is a form of vitamin D. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells.30
CALCIPOTRIENE HYDRATE10
CALCIPOTRIENE MONOHYDRATE5
CALCITONINA peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.1
CALCITONIN HUMAN2
CALCITONIN SALMON14
CALCITONIN SALMON ACETATE1
CALCITRIOLThe physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.Calcitriol is a man-made active form of vitamin D. Most people get enough vitamin D from exposure to the sun and from fortified food products (e.g., dairy products, vitamins). Vitamin D helps control parathyroid hormone and the levels of certain minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus) that are needed for building and keeping strong bones. Before regular vitamin D can be used by the body, it needs to be changed to the active form by the liver and kidneys. Calcitriol is used in patients with kidney disease who can't make enough of the active form of Vitamin D. This medication is also used to prevent and treat certain types of calcium/phosphorus/parathyroid problems that can happen with long-term kidney dialysis or hypoparathyroidism. Calcitriol is usually used along with specific diet recommendations and sometimes other medications.64
CALCIUMA basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.This medication is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets. It may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany). It may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough calcium (e.g., women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone). Calcium plays a very important role in the body. It is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone. If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones. Having the right amount of calcium is important for building and keeping strong bones.14
CALCIUM ACETATECalcium acetate is used to prevent high blood phosphate levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease. Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced. Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels. Calcium acetate is a natural mineral that works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body.40
CALCIUM ACETATE MONOHYDRATE5
CALCIUM ARSENATE14
CALCIUM ASCORBATE1
CALCIUM BROMATE8
CALCIUM CARBONATECarbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.This medication is used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion. It is an antacid that works by lowering the amount of acid in the stomach. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.646
CALCIUM CHLORIDEA salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.127
CALCIUM CITRATEA colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)This medication is used to prevent or treat low blood calcium levels in people who do not get enough calcium from their diets. It may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany). It may also be used in certain patients to make sure they are getting enough calcium (e.g., women who are pregnant, nursing, or postmenopausal, people taking certain medications such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, or prednisone). Calcium plays a very important role in the body. It is necessary for normal functioning of nerves, cells, muscle, and bone. If there is not enough calcium in the blood, then the body will take calcium from bones, thereby weakening bones. Having the right amount of calcium is important for building and keeping strong bones.15
CALCIUM FLUORIDECalcium fluoride. Occurring in nature as the mineral fluorite or fluorspar. It is the primary source of fluorine and its compounds. Pure calcium fluoride is used as a catalyst in dehydration and dehydrogenation and is used to fluoridate drinking water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)169
CALCIUM FORMATE5
CALCIUM GLUCONATEThe calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.7
CALCIUM GLUCONATE MONOHYDRATE26
CALCIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATEAny salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.1
CALCIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE17
CALCIUM HYDROXIDEA white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.14
CALCIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE4
CALCIUM IODIDE36
CALCIUM LACTATE2
CALCIUM MONOETHYLFUMARATE2
CALCIUM NITRITE8
CALCIUM OXALATE MONOHYDRATEThe calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.14
CALCIUM OXYBATE3
CALCIUM PANTOTHENATEA butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.21
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE11
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS9
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM2
CALCIUM PICRATE3
CALCIUM POLYCARBOPHILPolycarbophil is used to treat constipation. It is known as a bulk-forming laxative. It increases the bulk in your stool, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. It also works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making the stool softer and easier to pass.31
CALCIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE1
CALCIUM SACCHARATEA sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.1
CALCIUM SILICATE21
CALCIUM SULFATEA calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.2
CALCIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS75
CALCIUM SULFATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM1
CALCIUM SULFIDE300
CALCIUM UNDECYLENATE2
CALCOBUTROL SODIUM1
CALENDULA ARVENSIS WHOLE1
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER67
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP261
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS WHOLE5
CALFACTANT1
CALIFORNIUM CF-2491
CALLUNA VULGARIS FLOWERING TOP16
CALLUNA VULGARIS WHOLE1
CALOCHORTUS GUNNISONII WHOLE5
CALOCHORTUS TOLMIEI WHOLE4
CALOMEL20
CALTERIDOL CALCIUM1
CALTHA PALUSTRIS3
CALVATIA GIGANTEA WHOLE1
CAMELLIA JAPONICA FLOWER1
CAMELLIA SINENSIS FLOWER1
CAMELLIA SINENSIS WHOLE2
CAMIZESTRANT1
CAMPHOR (NATURAL)248
CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)462
CAMPHOR OIL9
CAMPHOR, (-)-15
CAMPHORIC ACID, (+)-1
CAMPONOTUS PENNSYLVANICUS3
CAMPSIS RADICANS FLOWER1
CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNIA species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause abortion in sheep and fever and enteritis in man and may be associated with enteric diseases of calves, lambs, and other animals.2
CANAGLIFLOZINA glucoside-derived SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 inhibitor that stimulates urinary excretion of glucose by suppressing renal glucose reabsorption. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES.Canagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Canagliflozin is also used by people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Canagliflozin is also used by people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease to lower the risk of dialysis, death from heart disease, and the need to go to the hospital for heart failure. Canagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys.38
CANAKINUMAB6
CANAVALIA GLADIATA WHOLE1
CANDESARTAN CILEXETILCandesartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Candesartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. This medication is also used to treat heart failure. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 1 year due to increased risk of side effects.77
CANDIDA ALBICANSA unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).178
CANDIDA ALBICANS DNA1
CANDIDA PARAPSILOSISA species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI and opportunistic pathogen associated with its ability to form BIOFILMS in catheters and parenteral nutrition IV lines. C. parapsilosis complex includes closely related species C. orthopsilosis; and C. metapsilosis.31
CANDIDA TROPICALISA species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI that is a major cause of SEPTICEMIA and disseminated CANDIDIASIS, especially in patients with LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is also found as part of the normal human mucocutaneous flora.5
CANGRELOR4
CANGRELOR TETRASODIUM1
CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS DANDER7
CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS HAIR19
CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS MILK42
CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS SKIN19
CANNABIDIOLCompound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.7
CANNABIS SATIVA FLOWERING TOP1
CANNABIS SATIVA SUBSP. SATIVA FLOWERING TOP5
CANOLA OILPLANT OILS derived from RAPESEED species known as BRASSICA NAPUS.5
CANTALOUPEA plant species of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae known for the melon fruits with reticulated (net) surface including cantaloupes, honeydew, casaba, and Persian melons.2
CANTHARIDINA toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.8
CAPECITABINEA deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.Capecitabine is used to treat breast, colon, or rectal cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.61
CAPIVASERTIB4
CAPLACIZUMAB1
CAPMATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE3
CAPRA HIRCUS HAIR3
CAPRA HIRCUS SKIN8
CAPRIC ACID2
CAPROMORELIN TARTRATE1
CAPRYLYL GLYCOL2
CAPSAICINAn alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.198
CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORISA plant genus of the family CRUCIFERAE.22
CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS TOP1
CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS WHOLE2
CAPSICUMA plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates VANILLOID RECEPTORS. Several varieties have sweet or pungent edible fruits that are used as vegetables when fresh and spices when the pods are dried.149
CAPSICUM ANNUUM WHOLE3
CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS WHOLE2
CAPSICUM OLEORESIN6
CAPSICUM SPP.1
CAPTOPRILA potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.Captopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure, protect the kidneys from harm due to diabetes, and to improve survival after a heart attack. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor and works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.47
CARAPICHEA IPECACUANHA WHOLE2
CARAWAY OIL2
CARAWAY SEED14
CARBACHOLA slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.2
CARBAMAZEPINEA dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.Carbamazepine is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or anti-epileptic drug. It is also used to relieve certain types of nerve pain (such as trigeminal neuralgia). This medication works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain and restoring the normal balance of nerve activity.161
CARBAMIDE PEROXIDEA urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.This medication is used to treat earwax buildup. It helps to soften, loosen, and remove the earwax. Too much earwax can block the ear canal and reduce hearing. This medication releases oxygen and starts to foam when it comes in contact with the skin. The foaming helps break up and remove the earwax. Consult your doctor before using this product in children younger than 12 years.66
CARBIDOPAAn inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.This medication is used with a combination levodopa/carbidopa product to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or Parkinson-like symptoms (such as shakiness, stiffness, difficulty moving). Carbidopa must be taken together with a drug that contains levodopa to be effective. If used alone, carbidopa has no effect on Parkinson's symptoms. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by too little of a naturally occurring substance (dopamine) in the brain. Levodopa changes into dopamine in the brain, helping to control movement. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the bloodstream so more levodopa can enter the brain. Carbidopa can also reduce some of levodopa's side effects such as nausea and vomiting.159
CARBINOXAMINE MALEATECarbinoxamine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, watery eyes, itchy eyes/nose/throat/skin, cough, runny nose, and sneezing. This medication works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. By blocking another natural substance made by your body (acetylcholine), it helps dry up some body fluids to relieve symptoms such as watery eyes and runny nose. Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Therefore, do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely. These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).11
CARBO ANIMALIS25
CARBOCYSTEINEA compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.2
CARBOMER 9401
CARBOMER COPOLYMER TYPE A (ALLYL PENTAERYTHRITOL CROSSLINKED)2
CARBOMER HOMOPOLYMER, UNSPECIFIED TYPE5
CARBON DIOXIDEA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.46
CARBON DISULFIDEA colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.29
CARBON MONOXIDECarbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)2
CARBON TETRACHLORIDEA solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)3
CARBONATE ION7
CARBOPLATINAn organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.Carboplatin is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth.42
CARBOPROST TROMETHAMINE21
CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUMA cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.This medication is used to relieve dry, irritated eyes. Common causes for dry eyes include wind, sun, heating/air conditioning, computer use/reading, and certain medications. This product may contain 1 or more of the following ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, glycerin, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), polysorbate, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, or propylene glycol, among others. Eye lubricants keep the eye moist, help to protect the eye from injury and infection, and decrease symptoms of dry eyes such as burning, itching, and feeling as if something is in the eye.55
CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM, UNSPECIFIED9
CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM, UNSPECIFIED FORM20
CARDAMOM3
CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM FLOWERING TOP12
CARFILZOMIBThis medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (multiple myeloma). It works by helping to slow the growth and spread of cancer cells.13
CARGLUMIC ACID10
CARICA PAPAYA WHOLE1
CARIPRAZINE9
CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE4
CARISOPRODOLA centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)Carisoprodol is used short-term to treat muscle pain and discomfort. It is usually used along with rest, physical therapy, and other treatments. It works by helping to relax the muscles.72
CARLINA VULGARIS WHOLE1
CARMUSTINEA cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (including multiple myeloma, brain tumor, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Carmustine belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.13
CARNEGIEA GIGANTEA FLOWER2
CARNITINEA constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.2
CARPINUS BETULUS FLOWER11
CARPINUS BETULUS FLOWER BUD1
CARPINUS BETULUS FLOWERING TOP11
CARPINUS BETULUS WHOLE1
CARPINUS CAROLINIANA WHOLE3
CARPROFEN6
CARROTA plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.4
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.2
CARVEDILOLA carbazole and propanol derivative that acts as a non-cardioselective beta blocker and vasodilator. It has blocking activity for ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and, at higher doses, may function as a blocker of CALCIUM CHANNELS; it also has antioxidant properties. Carvedilol is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION; ANGINA PECTORIS; and HEART FAILURE. It can also reduce the risk of death following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Carvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.209
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATECarvedilol is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used after a heart attack to improve the chance of survival if your heart is not pumping well. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural substances in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers your heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on your heart. Carvedilol belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha and beta blockers.59
CARYA ALBA POLLEN33
CARYA CORDIFORMIS POLLEN10
CARYA CORDIFORMIS WHOLE3
CARYA GLABRA POLLEN25
CARYA ILLINOINENSIS POLLEN51
CARYA LACINIOSA POLLEN18
CARYA OVATA POLLEN87
CASEINA mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.4
CASEIN, EMMENTAL CULTURED3
CASEIN, LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS CULTURED3
CASEIN, LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS CULTURED, AGED4
CASEIN, LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS CULTURED, PENICILLIUM CAMEMBERTI CULTURED, AGED3
CASEIN, LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS CULTURED, PENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTI CULTURED, AGED7
CASEIN, STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS CULTURED, PROPIONIBACTERIUM FREUDENREICHII SUBSP. SHERMANII CULTURED, AGED1
CASHEW10
CASIMERSEN3
CASIRIVIMAB3
CASPOFUNGINA cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES.1
CASPOFUNGIN ACETATEA cyclic lipopeptide echinocandin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase inhibitor that is used to treat internal or systemic MYCOSES.Caspofungin is used to treat a variety of fungal infections. Caspofungin belongs to a class of drugs known as echinocandins. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.23
CASTANEA SATIVA FLOWER13
CASTANEA SATIVA LEAF12
CASTANEA SATIVA WHOLE2
CASTANOSPERMINE1
CASTOR CANADENSIS SCENT GLAND SECRETION2
CASTOR FIBER SCENT GLAND SECRETION7
CASTOR OILOil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer.34
CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA POLLEN7
CATEQUENTINIB1
CATEQUENTINIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE1
CATNIP1
CAT'S CLAWA vine (Uncaria tomentosa) indigenous to the Amazon rainforest whose name is derived from its hook-like thorns. It contains oxindole alkaloids and glycosides and has many medicinal uses.1
CAULIFLOWER3
CAULOPHYLLUM ROBUSTUM ROOT1
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES ROOT48
CAUSTICUM169
CAVIA PORCELLUS DANDER2
CAVIA PORCELLUS HAIR6
CAVIA PORCELLUS SKIN12
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS LEAF73
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS WHOLE1
CEANOTHUS INTEGERRIMUS WHOLE2
CEDAZURIDINE4
CEDRUS DEODARA WOOD2
CEDRUS LIBANI WHOLE2
CEFACLORSemisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.This medication is a cephalosporin-type antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections (e.g., middle ear, skin, urine and respiratory tract infections). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic only treats bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.6
CEFADROXILLong-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.47
CEFAZOLINA semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.2
CEFAZOLIN SODIUMA semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.Cefazolin is an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used before and during certain surgeries to help prevent infection. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.55
CEFDINIRA third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.Cefdinir is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.78
CEFDINIR MONOHYDRATE5
CEFEPIMEA fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.Cefepime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.2
CEFEPIME HYDROCHLORIDEA fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.35
CEFIDEROCOL SULFATE TOSYLATE2
CEFIXIMEA third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.Cefixime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.23
CEFOTAXIME SODIUMSemisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.Cefotaxime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent infection from certain surgeries. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.7
CEFOTETANA semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.Cefotetan is an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used before and during certain surgeries to help prevent infection. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for virus infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.2
CEFOTETAN DISODIUMA semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.Cefotetan is an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used before and during certain surgeries to help prevent infection. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for virus infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.3
CEFOVECIN SODIUM1
CEFOXITIN SODIUMA semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.Cefoxitin is an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used before and during certain surgeries to help prevent infection. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.20
CEFPODOXIME PROXETILA prodrug of its active metabolite CEFPODOXIME.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.36
CEFPROZILA second-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent. Cefprozil has a phenyl ring at the C-3 position of its cephalosporin core.Cefprozil is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.26
CEFTAROLINE FOSAMIL2
CEFTAZIDIMESemisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial derived from CEPHALORIDINE and used especially for Pseudomonas and other gram-negative infections in debilitated patients.Ceftazidime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.17
CEFTIOFUR3
CEFTIOFUR HYDROCHLORIDE5
CEFTIOFUR SODIUM4
CEFTOLOZANE SULFATE2
CEFTRIAXONE SODIUMA broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.Ceftriaxone is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This drug is not recommended for use in newborns with high blood bilirubin levels and premature infants due to increased risk of side effects. Ask the doctor or pharmacist for details.70
CEFUROXIME AXETILCefuroxime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.46
CEFUROXIME SODIUMCefuroxime is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent infection from certain surgeries. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as cephalosporin antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.13
CEIBA PENTANDRA FIBER4
CEIBA PENTANDRA SEED1
CELECOXIBA pyrazole derivative and selective CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR that is used to treat symptoms associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS and JUVENILE ARTHRITIS, as well as the management of ACUTE PAIN.This medication is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), specifically a COX-2 inhibitor, which relieves pain and swelling (inflammation). It is used to treat arthritis, acute pain, and menstrual pain and discomfort. The pain and swelling relief provided by this medication helps you perform more of your normal daily activities. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section. This drug works by blocking the enzyme in your body that makes prostaglandins. Decreasing prostaglandins helps to reduce pain and swelling.246
CELERY4
CELERY SEED6
CELIPROLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.1
CELLULOSE, MICROCRYSTALLINE2
CELTIS OCCIDENTALIS POLLEN38
CEMIPLIMAB2
CENEGERMIN1
CENOBAMATE8
CENTAUREA BENEDICTAA plant species of the genus CENTAUREA and family ASTERACEAE. Members contain sesquiterpene lactone CNICIN.26
CENTAUREA CYANUS FLOWER1
CENTAUREA SOLSTITIALIS WHOLE3
CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEAA plant genus of the family GENTIANACEAE. Triterpene lactones and other compounds have been isolated from species of this genus. The common name of century plant has also been used for the AGAVE genus.9
CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA FLOWER8
CENTAURIUM ERYTHRAEA FLOWERING TOP2
CENTELLA ASIATICAA plant of the family APIACEAE which is the source of asiatic acid and asiaticoside. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. = Hydrocotyle asiatica L. is known for effect on peripheral circulation.43
CENTELLA ASIATICA FLOWERING TOP2
CENTELLA ASIATICA LEAF2
CENTELLA ASIATICA WHOLE18
CENTRUROIDES FAB2 ANTIVENIN (EQUINE)1
CEPHALEXINA semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.167
CEPHALOTHIN SODIUM1
CEPHAPIRIN BENZATHINE4
CEPHAPIRIN SODIUMCephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.2
CERAMIDE NG2
CERATOSTIGMA WILLMOTTIANUM FLOWER9
CERATOSTIGMA WILLMOTTIANUM WHOLE2
CERCIS SILIQUASTRUM WHOLE1
CERIC OXIDE8
CERITINIBCeritinib is used to treat lung cancer. It is used for lung cancers that have a certain type of abnormal "ALK" gene. Ceritinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.2
CERIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.22
CERLIPONASE ALFA2
CEROUS OXALATE NONAHYDRATE6
CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOLA polyethylene-glycolated Fab' fragment of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR antibody that binds specifically to TNF-ALPHA and neutralises it in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibits the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-ALPHA and IL-1 BETA and is used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.This medication is used to reduce pain and swelling due to certain inflammatory conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, plaque psoriasis). Some brands may also be used to treat a certain type of spine condition (axial spondyloarthritis) or a certain bowel condition (Crohn's disease). Certolizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers. It works by blocking TNF, a substance made by the body that causes inflammation.5
CERVUS ELAPHUS HORN1
CERVUS ELAPHUS HORN OIL3
CERVUS ELAPHUS VELVET1
CERVUS ELAPHUS WHOLE1
CESIUMA member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 55, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.4
CESIUM CHLORIDE26
CETALKONIUM CHLORIDE1
CETEARYL ETHYLHEXANOATE5
CETIRIZINEA potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.2
CETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, (S)-2
CETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE463
CETOSTEARYL ALCOHOL5
CETRARIA ISLANDICA SUBSP. ISLANDICA19
CETRARIA ISLANDICA WHOLE2
CETRIMIDECetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.1
CETRIMONIUM BROMIDECetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.1
CETRORELIX7
CETRORELIX ACETATE4
CETUXIMABA chimeric monoclonal antibody that functions as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT through its binding to the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR, where it prevents the binding and signaling action of cell growth and survival factors.Cetuximab is used to treat a certain type of cancer of the colon (large intestine) or rectum. This medication is also used to treat head and neck cancer. Cetuximab works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It binds to a certain protein (epidermal growth factor receptor-EGFR) in some tumors. Cetuximab is a man-made protein (monoclonal antibody).3
CETYL ALCOHOL5
CETYL PEG/PPG-10/1 DIMETHICONE (HLB 4)1
CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDECationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.89
CEVIMELINE1
CEVIMELINE HYDROCHLORIDE20
CHAENOMELES LAGENARIA WHOLE1
CHAENOMELES SINENSIS FRUIT1
CHAETOMIUM GLOBOSUM12
CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA FRUITING TWIG1
CHAMAECYPARIS OBTUSA WHOLE2
CHAMAECYPARIS OBTUSA WOOD OIL4
CHAMAELIRIUM LUTEUM ROOT48
CHAMAEMELUM NOBILEA plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that is used in folk medicine as CHAMOMILE. Other plants with similar common names include MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM and ANTHEMIS.2
CHAMOMILECommon name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.64
CHAMOMILE FLOWER OIL1
CHAMOMILLA1
CHANNEL CATFISH1
CHASTE TREEA genus of trees in the Lamiaceae family containing assorted flavonoids with possible analgesic and antineoplastic properties. The fruit of these trees is used in herbal preparations.64
CHASTE TREE FRUIT42
CHELIDONIUM MAJUSA plant species of the family PAPAVERACEAE. The common name greater celandine is similar to lesser celandine (Ficaria verna), and celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum). It has been used in folk medicine and its latex contains biologically active compounds including BENZOPHENANTHRIDINES alkaloids (e.g., Chelerythrine).261
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS ROOT15
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS WHOLE60
CHELONE GLABRA4
CHELONE GLABRA WHOLE1
CHENODIOLChenodiol is used to dissolve certain types of gallstones (non-calcified). Chenodiol is a bile acid. Chenodiol may be tried before surgery in patients that are at high risk of complications from gallstone surgery. If the gallstones do not dissolve, emergency surgery may still be needed.4
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM POLLEN75
CHENOPODIUM ALBUM WHOLE1
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDESA plant species of the genus Chenopodium known for toxicity to intestinal worms and other simple organisms.3
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES POLLEN16
CHENOPODIUM VULVARIA WHOLE2
CHERRY1
CHICKENCommon name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.10
CHICKEN BREAST1
CHICKPEA1
CHICORY ROOT5
CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS LR2006 OPY1 (ATTENUATED STRAIN) ANTIGEN1
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA19
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA WHOLE5
CHINESE CHESTNUT1
CHINESE CINNAMONA plant species of the genus CINNAMOMUM that contains CINNAMATES and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL).1
CHINESE RHUBARB ROOT1
CHINESE YAMA plant genus best known for edible underground tubers. Yam may also refer to a moist variety of sweet potato, IPOMOEA BATATAS.5
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICUS BARK26
CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICUS ROOT BARK5
CHITOSAN MEDIUM MOLECULAR WEIGHT (200-400 MPA.S)1
CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATISType species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.21
CHLOPHEDIANOL HYDROCHLORIDE17
CHLORAL HYDRATEA hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.6
CHLORAMBUCILA nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as leukemia, lymphoma). Chlorambucil belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
CHLORAMPHENICOLAn antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)16
CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE1
CHLORAMPHENICOL SODIUM SUCCINATE1
CHLORCYCLIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE3
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDEAn anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.8
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE HYDROCHLORIDEAn anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.45
CHLORELLA VULGARISA species of green microalgae in the family Chlorellaceae. It is used as a model organism for PHOTOSYNTHESIS, and as a food supplement (DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS).1
CHLORHEXIDINEA disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.7
CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATEA disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.10
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATEThis medication is used along with regular tooth brushing/flossing to treat gingivitis, a gum disease that causes red, swollen, and easily bleeding gums. Chlorhexidine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimicrobials. It works by decreasing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, helping to reduce swelling and redness of the gums and bleeding when you brush.176
CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.3
CHLORIDE ION2
CHLORINEAn element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.33
CHLORINE DIOXIDE2
CHLORITE ION1
CHLOROACETIC ACID1
CHLOROBUTANOL HEMIHYDRATE1
CHLOROFORMA commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.8
CHLOROGENIC ACIDA naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68).4
CHLOROGLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE1
CHLOROPHYLLPorphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.1
CHLOROPHYTUM BORIVILIANUM WHOLE1
CHLOROPROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE15
CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATEChloroquine is used to prevent or treat malaria caused by mosquito bites. Chloroquine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimalarials. The United States Centers for Disease Control provide updated guidelines and travel recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria in different parts of the world. Discuss the most recent information with your doctor before traveling to areas where malaria occurs. Chloroquine is also used to treat infection caused by a different type of parasite (ameba). Chloroquine is not recommended for coronavirus infection, also known as COVID-19, unless you are enrolled in a study. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.24
CHLOROTHIAZIDEA thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812)This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Chlorothiazide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication is also used to decrease swelling (edema) caused by conditions such as cancer, congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This effect can help your kidneys work better and lessen symptoms such as trouble breathing and swelling in your ankles, feet, hands, or belly.6
CHLOROTHIAZIDE SODIUM7
CHLOROXYLENOL348
CHLORPHENESINA centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)2
CHLORPHENIRAMINEA histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.2
CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATEA histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, watery eyes, itchy eyes/nose/throat/skin, cough, runny nose, and sneezing. This medication works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. By blocking another natural substance made by your body (acetylcholine), it helps dry up some body fluids to relieve symptoms such as watery eyes and runny nose. Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Therefore, do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely. These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).302
CHLORPROMAZINEThe prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.5
CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.121
CHLORPROPAMIDEA sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)Chlorpropamide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Chlorpropamide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.1
CHLORTETRACYCLINEA TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.1
CHLORTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.1
CHLORTHALIDONEA benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.Chlorthalidone is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to reduce extra salt and water in the body caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Decreasing extra salt and water in the body helps to decrease swelling (edema) and breathing problems caused by fluid in the lungs. Chlorthalidone is a "water pill" (diuretic). It increases the amount of urine you make, especially when you first start the medication. It also helps to relax the blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.120
CHLORZOXAZONEA centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202)Chlorzoxazone is used to treat muscle spasms/pain. It is usually used along with rest, physical therapy, and other treatment. It works by helping to relax the muscles.50
CHOLECALCIFEROLDerivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.112
CHOLESTEROLThe principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.50
CHOLESTYRAMINECholestyramine is used along with a proper diet to lower cholesterol in the blood. Lowering cholesterol helps decrease the risk for strokes and heart attacks. In addition to a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details. Cholestyramine may also be used to treat itching in people with too much bile acid caused by a certain type of liver/bile duct disease (partial biliary obstruction). This medication is known as a bile acid-binding resin. It works by removing bile acid from the body. In people with high cholesterol, this causes the liver to make more bile acid by using cholesterol in the blood. This helps to lower the cholesterol levels.49
CHOLIC ACIDA major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.5
CHOLINEA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.1
CHOLINE ALFOSCERATEA component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)1
CHOLINE BITARTRATEA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.8
CHOLINE C-112
CHOLINE CHLORIDEA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.2
CHOLINE FENOFIBRATE13
CHOLINE HYDROXIDEA basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.13
CHOLINE SALICYLATE9
CHONDRODENDRON TOMENTOSUM ROOT37
CHONDROITIN SULFATE (BOVINE)2
CHONDROITIN SULFATE SODIUM (BOVINE)1
CHONDRUS CRISPUSA genus of RED ALGAE, in the family Gigartinaceae. The species Chondrus crispus is a source of CARRAGEENAN.7
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFAThis medication is used as part of a treatment program for certain fertility problems in women. It is generally used in combination with another hormone (FSH). This medication provides the hormone (hCG), which stimulates the release of a mature egg (ovulation) and helps you become pregnant. This medication is not recommended for women whose ovaries no longer make eggs properly (primary ovarian failure). This medication has not been shown to be effective for weight loss and should not be used for this purpose due to risk of serious side effects.3
CHORIONIC GONADOTROPINA gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).This medication is a hormone used in boys (before puberty) to cause the normal dropping of the testicles into the scrotum. It is also used in certain boys to help with normal sexual development. It works by causing the testes to release male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). This medication is also used in women to treat fertility problems. It is given after finishing another medication (menotropins) to cause the release of an egg (ovulation). It should not be used in women whose ovaries no longer make eggs properly (primary ovarian failure). This medication has not been shown to be effective for weight loss and should not be used for this purpose due to risk of serious side effects.1
CHROMIC BROMIDE8
CHROMIC CHLORIDE15
CHROMIC FLUORIDE8
CHROMIC NITRATE NONAHYDRATE8
CHROMIC OXIDE9
CHROMIC PHOSPHATE8
CHROMIC SULFATE9
CHROMIC SULFATE DECAHYDRATE8
CHROMIC SULFATE PENTADECAHYDRATE3
CHROMIUMA trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.38
CHROMIUM GLUCONATE3
CHROMIUM NICOTINATE21
CHROMIUM PICOLINATE6
CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE2
CHRYSIN1
CHRYSOPOGON ZIZANIOIDES ROOT7
CHRYSOPS VITTATUS WHOLE3
CHRYSOSPLENETIN2
CIBINETIDE1
CICHORIUM INTYBUS (CHICORY) ROOT OLIGOSACCHARIDES1
CICHORIUM INTYBUS FLOWER12
CICHORIUM INTYBUS WHOLE16
CICLESONIDECiclesonide is used to prevent and reduce the symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling asthma symptoms may decrease time lost from work or school. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the swelling of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be taken regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. Keep track of how often you need to use your quick-relief inhaler, and tell your doctor. If your quick-relief inhaler does not seem to work as well, if you need to use more than usual of your quick-relief inhaler for 2 or more days in a row, or if you need to use more than one full canister of your quick-relief inhaler over a 2-month period, seek immediate medical attention.10
CICLETANINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
CICLOPIROXA cyclohexane and pyridinone derivative that is used for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails, and for treatment of VAGINAL YEAST INFECTIONS.This medication is used to treat fungal infections of the fingernails and toenails. It is used as part of a treatment program that includes the removal of unattached, infected nails by a health care professional as frequently as once a month. Ciclopirox works by stopping the growth of fungus.25
CICLOPIROX OLAMINEA cyclohexane and pyridinone derivative that is used for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails, and for treatment of VAGINAL YEAST INFECTIONS.This medication is used to treat fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm. This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Ciclopirox is an antifungal medication that works by stopping the growth of fungus.21
CICUTA VIROSA ROOT22
CIDOFOVIRAn acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.This drug is used with probenecid to treat a certain viral eye infection (retinitis due to cytomegalovirus-CMV) in people with AIDS. It lowers your risk of blindness and other vision problems. Cidofovir belongs to a class of drugs known as antivirals. It works by stopping the growth of the virus. Cidofovir is not a cure for CMV retinitis, and your disease may still worsen during and after treatment.9
CIDOFOVIR ANHYDROUSAn acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.2
CIFENLINE SUCCINATE, (S)-1
CILASTATINA renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.3
CILASTATIN SODIUMA renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.10
CILOSTAZOLA quinoline and tetrazole derivative that acts as a phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitor, with anti-platelet and vasodilating activity. It is used in the treatment of PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; and in the prevention of stroke.Cilostazol is used to improve the symptoms of a certain blood flow problem in the legs (intermittent claudication). Cilostazol can decrease the muscle pain/cramps that occur during exercise/walking. Claudication pain is caused by too little oxygen getting to the muscles. Cilostazol can increase blood flow and the amount of oxygen that gets to the muscles. Cilostazol is an antiplatelet drug and a vasodilator. It works by stopping blood cells called platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It also widens blood vessels in the legs. Cilostazol helps the blood to move more easily and keeps blood flowing smoothly in your body.23
CILTACABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL1
CIMETIDINEA histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.Cimetidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and prevent them from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems caused by too much stomach acid (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, erosive esophagitis) or a backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus (acid reflux disease/GERD). Decreasing extra stomach acid can help relieve symptoms such as stomach pain, heartburn, difficulty swallowing, persistent cough, and trouble sleeping. It can also prevent serious acid damage to your digestive system (e.g., ulcers, cancer of the esophagus). Cimetidine belongs to a class of drugs commonly called H2 blockers. It works by reducing the amount of acid in your stomach. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to treat occasional heartburn caused by too much acid in the stomach (also called acid indigestion or sour stomach). It is also used to prevent heartburn and acid indigestion caused by certain foods and beverages. If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist. (See also Precautions.)41
CIMETIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.3
CIMEX LECTULARIUSParasitic bugs of the family CIMICIDAE. Female bed bugs lay eggs in a sheltered locations such as in mattress seams. Adults and nymphal instars of Cimex feed on warm-blooded hosts. Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus are implicated in human infestations.5
CINACALCET HYDROCHLORIDE77
CINCHONA BARK5
CINCHONA OFFICINALIS BARK282
CINCHONA OFFICINALIS WHOLE2
CINCHONA PUBESCENS BARK2
CINCHONA PUBESCENS WHOLE2
CINNAMIC ACID18
CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA LEAF2
CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA WHOLE3
CINNAMOMUM VERUM WHOLE1
CINNAMON48
CINNAMON LEAF OIL2
CINNAMON OIL2
CINNARIZINEA piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.1
CIPAGLUCOSIDASE ALFA1
CIPROFLOXACINA broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.This medication is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs called quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for virus infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.15
CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDEA broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.244
CISAPRIDEA substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)2
CISAPRIDE MONOHYDRATE3
CISATRACURIUM BESYLATE52
CISPLATINAn inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.Cisplatin is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth.27
CISTANCHE DESERTICOLA WHOLE1
CITALOPRAMA furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.8
CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDEA furancarbonitrile that is one of the SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.Citalopram is used to treat depression. It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being. Citalopram is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.149
CITALOPRAM HYDROCHLORIDE1
CITHARACANTHUS SPINICRUS17
CITICOLINE1
CITICOLINE SODIUM1
CITRAL4
CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATEA key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.56
CITRULLINE3
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS FRUIT7
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS FRUIT PULP113
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS WHOLE1
CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA SEED OIL1
CITRUS AURANTIUM FRUIT OIL1
CITRUS AURANTIUM FRUIT RIND2
CITRUS BIOFLAVONOIDS1
CITRUS PARADISI SEED1
CITRUS PARADISI WHOLE1
CITRUS SINENSIS FLOWER1
CITRUS SINENSIS POLLEN5
CITRUS X LIMON FLOWERING TOP OIL1
CJC-12952
CLADOSPORIUM BRUHNEI1
CLADOSPORIUM CLADOSPORIOIDES15
CLADOSPORIUM HERBARUM8
CLADOSPORIUM SPHAEROSPERMUM26
CLADRIBINEAn antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia.Cladribine is used to treat a certain type of cancer (hairy cell leukemia). It works by stopping the growth of cancer cells.15
CLARITHROMYCINA semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.Clarithromycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication can also be used in combination with anti-ulcer medications to treat certain types of stomach ulcers. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections. Clarithromycin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.70
CLASCOTERONE1
CLAVICEPS PURPUREA SCLEROTIUM93
CLAVULANATE POTASSIUMA beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.213
CLAVULANIC ACIDA beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.6
CLEMASTINE FUMARATEA histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.Clemastine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, watery eyes, itchy eyes/nose/throat/skin, cough, runny nose, and sneezing. This medication works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. By blocking another natural substance made by your body (acetylcholine), it helps dry up some body fluids to relieve symptoms such as watery eyes and runny nose. Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Therefore, do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely. These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).5
CLEMATIS RECTA FLOWERING TOP55
CLEMATIS RECTA WHOLE1
CLEMATIS VITALBA FLOWER44
CLEMATIS VITALBA TOP3
CLEMATIS VITALBA WHOLE7
CLENBUTEROLA substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.1
CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE2
CLERODENDRANTHUS SPICATUS LEAF5
CLEVIDIPINE7
CLIDINIUM BROMIDE20
CLINDAMYCINAn antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.7
CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEAn antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.111
CLINDAMYCIN PALMITATE2
CLINDAMYCIN PALMITATE HYDROCHLORIDE18
CLINDAMYCIN PHOSPHATEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of vaginal infection (bacterial vaginosis) in women who are not pregnant. Clindamycin is an antibiotic which works by stopping the growth of bacteria.147
CLIOQUINOLA potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.6
CLITORIA TERNATEA FLOWER1
CLOBAZAMA benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.This medication is used with other medications to help control seizures. It belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. This drug works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA).64
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATEA derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Clobetasol reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a very strong (super-high-potency) corticosteroid.131
CLOBETASONE BUTYRATE1
CLOCORTOLONE PIVALATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Clocortolone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.5
CLODRONATE DISODIUMA diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.2
CLOFARABINEAn adenine arabinonucleoside derivative that acts as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It is used in the treatment of ACUTE LYMPHOID LEUKEMIA in pediatric patients who have relapsed.Clofarabine is used to treat a certain type of cancer (acute lymphoblastic leukemia-ALL). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.19
CLOFAZIMINEA fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)3
CLOMIPHENE CITRATEA triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.This medication is used to treat infertility in women. It works by stimulating an increase in the amount of hormones that support the growth and release of a mature egg (ovulation). This medication is not recommended for women whose ovaries no longer make eggs properly (primary pituitary or ovarian failure).26
CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.89
CLONAZEPAMAn anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.Clonazepam is used to prevent and control seizures. This medication is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is also used to treat panic attacks. Clonazepam works by calming your brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines.146
CLONIDINEAn imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Clonidine belongs to a class of drugs (central alpha agonists) that act in the brain to lower blood pressure. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.25
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.146
CLONOSTACHYS ROSEA F. ROSEA6
CLOPIDOGRELA ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body.3
CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATEA ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.Clopidogrel is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in persons with heart disease (recent heart attack), recent stroke, or blood circulation disease (peripheral vascular disease). It is also used with aspirin to treat new/worsening chest pain (new heart attack, unstable angina) and to keep blood vessels open and prevent blood clots after certain procedures (such as cardiac stent). Clopidogrel works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It helps keep blood flowing smoothly in your body.98
CLOPIDOLA very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.1
CLOPROSTENOL SODIUMA synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.3
CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUMA water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.Clorazepate is used to treat anxiety, acute alcohol withdrawal, and seizures. This medication belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural chemical in the body (GABA).24
CLORSULON1
CLOSANTEL SODIUM1
CLOSTEBOL ACETATE1
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUMA species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.6
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE34
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENSThe most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins.14
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANIThe cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.9
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI TOXOID ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
CLOTRIMAZOLEAn imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.This medication is used to treat vaginal yeast infections. Clotrimazole reduces vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that may occur with this condition. This medication is an azole antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of yeast (fungus) that causes the infection. The vaginal product comes in 2 forms (a vaginal cream or tablet). Some products come with a skin cream to be applied to the area around the outside of the vagina. Ask your doctor before using this medication for self-treatment if this is your first vaginal infection. This medication only works for vaginal fungal infections. You may have a different type of infection (such as bacterial vaginosis) and may need a different medication. If you have fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, stomach/abdominal pain, or a bad-smelling vaginal discharge, do not use this medication. Contact your doctor right away because these may be signs of a more serious infection.228
CLOVE3
CLOVE OILAn oil from flower buds of SYZYGIUM trees which contains large amounts of EUGENOL.1
CLOXACILLIN BENZATHINE2
CLOXACILLIN SODIUMA semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.2
CLOZAPINEA tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.See also Warning section. This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). Clozapine is a psychiatric medication (anti-psychotic type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Clozapine decreases hallucinations and helps prevent suicide in people who are likely to try to harm themselves. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life.66
CNIDIUM MONNIERI FRUIT1
CNIDIUM OFFICINALE ROOT1
COAGULATION FACTOR IX HUMAN1
COAGULATION FACTOR IX RECOMBINANT HUMAN4
COAGULATION FACTOR VII HUMAN1
COAGULATION FACTOR X HUMAN1
COAL TARA by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).51
COBALAMIN8
COBALTA trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.57
COBALT OXIDE8
COBALTOUS ACETATE2
COBALTOUS BROMIDE8
COBALTOUS CARBONATE8
COBALTOUS CHLORIDE8
COBALTOUS GLUCONATE13
COBALTOUS IODIDE8
COBALTOUS NITRATE1
COBALTOUS NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE17
COBALTOUS PHOSPHATE8
COBALTOUS SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE8
COBAMAMIDE3
COBICISTATA carbamate and thiazole derivative that functions as a CYTOCHROME P450 CYP3A INHIBITOR to enhance the concentration of ANTI-HIV AGENTS, with which it is used in combination, for the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS.This drug is used to increase ("boost") the levels of certain HIV protease inhibitors (atazanavir and darunavir). This helps them work better to help control HIV infection. Cobicistat is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.20
COBIMETINIB FUMARATECobimetinib is used to treat a type of skin cancer (melanoma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.11
COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE4
COCARBOXYLASE4
COCARBOXYLASE TETRAHYDRATE2
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS SPHERULE1
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS WHOLE1
COCCIDIOIDES POSADASII1
COCCIDIOIDES POSADASII DNA8
COCHINEAL3
COCHLEARIA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP2
COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS35
COCHLIOBOLUS SPICIFER18
COCO MONOETHANOLAMIDE1
COCOA14
COCOA BUTTER31
COCO-GLYCERIDES1
COCONUT10
COCONUT OILOil derived from fruits of the coconut plant, COCOS NUCIFERA.7
COCOYL METHYL MONOETHANOLAMINE1
COD LIVER OILOil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of VITAMIN A and VITAMIN D.11
COD, UNSPECIFIED3
CODEINEAn opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.1
CODEINE ANHYDROUS6
CODEINE PHOSPHATEAn opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.139
CODEINE SULFATESee also Warning section. This medication is used to help relieve mild to moderate pain. Codeine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain.6
COENZYME A24
COFFEA ARABICA FRUIT5
COFFEA ARABICA SEED, ROASTED27
COFFEA ARABICA WHOLE1
COFFEE BEAN4
COLA ACUMINATA SEED1
COLA NITIDA SEED1
COLA NUT2
COLCHICEINE5
COLCHICINEA major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).This medication is used to prevent or treat gout attacks (flares). Usually gout symptoms develop suddenly and involve only one or a few joints. The big toe, knee, or ankle joints are most often affected. Gout is caused by too much uric acid in the blood. When uric acid levels in the blood are too high, the uric acid may form hard crystals in your joints. Colchicine works by decreasing swelling and lessening the build up of uric acid crystals that cause pain in the affected joint(s). This medication is also used to prevent attacks of pain in the abdomen, chest, or joints caused by a certain inherited disease (familial Mediterranean fever). It is thought to work by decreasing your body's production of a certain protein (amyloid A) that builds up in people with familial Mediterranean fever. Colchicine is not a pain medication and should not be used to relieve other causes of pain.56
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE BULB119
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE FLOWER1
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE WHOLE8
COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDEAn allylamine derivative that binds BILE ACIDS in the intestine and is used as an ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT in the treatment of HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.34
COLESTIPOL HYDROCHLORIDEHighly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.21
COLEUS BARBATUS ROOT1
COLFOSCERIL PALMITATE2
COLISTIMETHATE SODIUM13
COLISTIN SULFATECyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.2
COLLAGENASE CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUMA metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.4
COLLINSONIA2
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS ROOT45
COMBRETUM MICRANTHUM LEAF2
COMFREYPerennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. It contains ALLANTOIN, carotene, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE); GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, resin, SAPONINS; TANNINS; triterpenoids, VITAMIN B12, and ZINC. Comfrey also contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS and is hepatotoxic if ingested.1
COMFREY LEAF9
COMFREY ROOT167
COMMIPHORA MYRRHA WHOLE9
COMMON SHRIMP8
COMOCLADIA DENTATA BARK/LEAF11
CONESTAT ALFA2
CONIFERYL ALCOHOL2
CONIINE2
CONIUM MACULATUM FLOWERING TOP181
CONIUM MACULATUM LEAF1
CONIUM MACULATUM ROOT2
CONIUM MACULATUM WHOLE1
CONSOLIDA REGALIS FLOWER3
CONVALLARIA MAJALISA plant genus of the family Asparagaceae that contains CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES.42
CONVALLARIA MAJALIS FLOWERING TOP2
CONYZA CANADENSIS2
COPAIFERA OFFICINALIS RESIN10
COPANLISIB1
COPPERA heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.209
COPPER ARSENATE3
COPPER GLUCONATEDerivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.19
COPPER OXODOTREOTIDE CU-641
CORAL SNAKE (MICRURUS FULVIUS) IMMUNE GLOBULIN ANTIVENIN (EQUINE)1
CORALLIUM RUBRUM EXOSKELETON12
CORALLIUM RUBRUM WHOLE14
CORIANDER11
CORIANDER OIL2
CORN12
CORN GRAIN1
CORN SILK17
CORNUS NUTTALLII WHOLE5
CORNUS OFFICINALIS FRUIT1
CORNUS RUGOSA WHOLE1
CORNUS SANGUINEA WHOLE4
CORTICORELIN1
CORTICORELIN OVINE TRIFLUTATE1
CORTICOTROPINThis medication is used to treat a certain type of seizure in children (infantile spasms). This medication is also used to treat conditions such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis, lupus, eye conditions, skin/kidney/lung diseases, and immune system disorders. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain, and allergic-type reactions. Corticotropin is a hormone.61
CORTICOTROPIN HUMAN3
CORTICOTROPIN PORCINE1
CORTISONEA naturally occurring glucocorticoid that has been used in replacement therapy for ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive; it is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)1
CORTISONE ACETATEA naturally occurring glucocorticoid that has been used in replacement therapy for ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive; it is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)Cortisone is a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). It decreases your body's natural defensive response and reduces symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. This medication is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood/hormone/immune system disorders, allergic reactions, certain skin and eye conditions, breathing problems, and certain cancers.80
CORYLUS AMERICANA POLLEN5
CORYLUS AVELLANA FLOWER BUD2
CORYLUS AVELLANA POLLEN2
CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE CRM197 PROTEIN3
CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE TOXOID ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
COSMOS SULPHUREUS FLOWERING TOP2
COSYNTROPINA synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.7
COTINUS COGGYGRIA LEAF2
COTTON FIBERA TEXTILE fiber obtained from the pappus (outside the SEEDS) of cotton plant (GOSSYPIUM).5
COTTON SEED7
COTTONSEED OILOil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary products such as oleomargarine and many cooking oils. Cottonseed oil is commonly used in soaps and cosmetics.1
COUMARIN26
COW MILK32
COXIELLA BURNETIIA species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the etiological agent of Q FEVER.2
CRAB LEG, UNSPECIFIED1
CRANBERRYCranberry has been used for reducing the risk of "bladder infections" (urinary tract infections). It has also been used for decreasing the smell of urine in people who are unable to control urination (incontinent). This product should not be used alone to treat bladder infections. It may not work, and the delay could allow the infection to worsen. Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use. The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.6
CRATAEGUS FRUIT10
CRATAEGUS LAEVIGATA FRUIT5
CRATAEGUS LAEVIGATA WHOLE3
CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA FLOWER4
CREATINEAn amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.1
CREATINE MONOHYDRATE1
CRENOLANIB BESYLATE1
CREPIDIASTRUM SONCHIFOLIUM WHOLE1
CRESOL7
CRISABOROLEThis medication is used to treat eczema. It reduces swelling, redness, and itching on the skin.14
CRIZANLIZUMAB1
CRIZOTINIBA piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.Crizotinib is used to treat certain types of lung cancer. Crizotinib works by slowing or stopping the growth of lung cancer cells. It belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors.10
CROFELEMERCrofelemer is used to relieve symptoms of diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients who are taking medicines to treat HIV infection. This medication may reduce the number of watery stools you have and help you better tolerate your HIV medications. It works by preventing water and minerals from entering into the intestines, causing the stools to be more solid. Crofelemer should not be used to treat diarrhea caused by infections.3
CROMOLYN SODIUMA chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.This medication is used to treat certain allergic eye conditions (vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, vernal keratitis). It prevents itching of the eyes that can occur with these conditions. Cromolyn is known as a mast cell stabilizer. It works by blocking certain natural substances (histamine, SRS-A) that cause allergic symptoms.38
CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUMA cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.1
CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)1
CROTALUS ATROX IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)1
CROTALUS DURISSUS TERRIFICUS VENOM9
CROTALUS HORRIDUS HORRIDUS VENOM64
CROTALUS SCUTULATUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)1
CROTAMITONThis medication is used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by mites that burrow into the skin. Irritation from the mites leads to severe itching and small bumps/blisters filled with fluid/pus. Crotamiton works by killing the mites that cause scabies. It also helps relieve itching related to scabies and other skin conditions. Crotamiton belongs to two classes of drugs: scabicides and antipruritics.3
CROTON OILViscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and skin irritant used as pharmacologic standard for skin inflammation and allergy and causes skin cancer. It was formerly used as an emetic and cathartic with frequent mortality.2
CROTON TIGLIUM SEED49
CROTON TIGLIUM WHOLE1
CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA BARK1
CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA WHOLE8
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUMA species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure five microns in diameter. These organisms exhibit alternating cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction.11
CTCE-02141
CTENOCEPHALIDES FELISA genus of FLEAS in the family Pulicidae. It includes the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis), one of the most common species on earth.2
CUCUMBER5
CUCURBITA PEPO FLOWER7
CUCURBITA PEPO SUBSP. OVIFERA WHOLE1
CULEX PIPIENS5
CULLEN CORYLIFOLIUM WHOLE1
CULTIVATED MUSHROOM3
CULVER'S ROOT2
CUPRESSUS ARIZONICA POLLEN25
CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS FRUITING LEAFY TWIG1
CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS LEAF OIL2
CUPRIC ACETATE46
CUPRIC ARSENATE1
CUPRIC ARSENITE9
CUPRIC BROMIDE8
CUPRIC CATION1
CUPRIC CHLORIDE5
CUPRIC CHLORIDE ANHYDROUS8
CUPRIC FLUORIDE DIHYDRATE8
CUPRIC NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE8
CUPRIC OXIDE26
CUPRIC PHOSPHATE8
CUPRIC SULFATE58
CUPRIC SULFATE ANHYDROUS2
CUPROUS IODIDE8
CUPROUS OXIDE5
CURCUMA AROMATICA ROOT1
CURCUMA LONGA WHOLE2
CURCUMA ZANTHORRHIZA ROOT1
CURCUMINA yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.2
CURDLAN1
CX-038839 OMICRON (XBB.1.5)2
CYANOCOBALAMIN158
CYCLACHAENA XANTHIFOLIA POLLEN30
CYCLAMEN PURPURASCENS TUBER29
CYCLIZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)2
CYCLOASTRAGENOL1
CYCLOBENZAPRINE HYDROCHLORIDE248
CYCLOHEXANEDIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATOPLATINUM(II), (1R,2R)-1
CYCLOPENTOLATE HYDROCHLORIDE13
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDEPrecursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.Cyclophosphamide is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping cell growth. Cyclophosphamide also works by decreasing your immune system's response to various diseases. It is used to treat a certain type of kidney disease in children after other treatments have not worked.80
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUSPrecursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.11
CYCLOSERINEAntibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.This medication is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB). In some cases, it may also be used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.7
CYCLOSPORINEA cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).Cyclosporine eye drops are used to treat a certain type of dry eyes. They work by increasing the amount of tears you make.72
CYDONIA OBLONGA SEED1
CYNANCHUM VINCETOXICUM ROOT14
CYNARA SCOLYMUS LEAF33
CYNARA SCOLYMUS WHOLE7
CYNODON DACTYLON POLLEN42
CYNODON DACTYLON WHOLE4
CYNOMORIUM SONGARICUM STEM1
CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM VAR. PUBESCENS ROOT22
CYPROHEPTADINEA serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.2
CYPROHEPTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE37
CYPROTERONE ACETATEAn agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.2
CYSTEAMINE BITARTRATEA mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.This medication is used to help preserve kidney function and manage kidney damage and other problems in people with an inherited disorder that causes build-up of a certain natural substance (cystine) in the body (nephropathic cystinosis). Cystine build-up can cause problems such as kidney problems, slow growth, weak bones, and eye problems. Cysteamine helps the body get rid of cystine.10
CYSTEAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.4
CYSTEINEA thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.39
CYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDEA thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.8
CYSTINEA covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of CYSTEINE. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine.4
CYTARABINEA pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)Cytarabine is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping cancer cell growth.18
CYTISUS SCOPARIUS FLOWER6
CYTISUS SCOPARIUS FLOWERING TOP7
CYTISUS SCOPARIUS WHOLE2
D&C BLACK NO. 22
DABIGATRANA THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.2
DABIGATRAN ETEXILATEA THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.1
DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE MESYLATEA THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Dabigatran is used to prevent stroke and harmful blood clots (such as in your legs or lungs) if you have a certain type of irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). Dabigatran is also used to treat blood clots in the veins of your legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism) and to reduce the risk of them occurring again. This medication may also be used to prevent these blood clots from forming after hip replacement surgery. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant that works by blocking a certain substance (a clotting protein called thrombin) in your blood. This helps to keep blood flowing smoothly in your body. Dabigatran should not be used to prevent blood clots from forming after artificial heart valve replacement. If you have had heart valve surgery, talk to your doctor about the best medication for you. Do not stop taking any medication, including dabigatran, without talking to your doctor first.39
DABRAFENIB MESYLATEDabrafenib may be used alone or in combination with another medication (trametinib) to treat a type of skin cancer (melanoma). It is also used with trametinib to treat thyroid cancer and a type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer-NSCLC). Dabrafenib works by slowing the growth of cancer cells.7
DACARBAZINEAn antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)Dacarbazine is used to treat certain types of cancer, such as skin cancer and Hodgkin's disease. It is a cancer chemotherapy drug that is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth.6
DACLATASVIR1
DACLATASVIR DIHYDROCHLORIDEDaclatasvir is used with another antiviral medication (sofosbuvir) to treat chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. Daclatasvir should never be used without sofosbuvir. Daclatasvir and sofosbuvir may also be used with another antiviral medication (ribavirin). These medications together reduce the amount of hepatitis C virus in your body, which helps your immune system fight the infection and may help your liver recover. Chronic hepatitis C infection can cause serious liver problems such as scarring (cirrhosis), or liver cancer. It is not known if this treatment can prevent you from passing the virus to others. Do not share needles, and practice "safer sex" (including the use of latex condoms) to lower the risk of passing the virus to others.4
DACOMITINIBDacomitinib is used to treat a certain type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.5
DACTINOMYCINA compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)Dactinomycin is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.10
DACTYLIS GLOMERATA1
DACTYLIS GLOMERATA POLLEN68
DACTYLIS GLOMERATA TOP4
DAIKON3
DALBAVANCIN1
DALBAVANCIN B01
DALBAVANCIN HYDROCHLORIDE2
DALFAMPRIDINEOne of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS with secondary effect on calcium currents which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.Dalfampridine is used to improve walking in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a potassium channel blocker. It is thought to work by improving nerve conduction.25
DALOTUZUMAB1
DALTEPARIN SODIUMA low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)9
DANAZOLA synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.This medication is used in women to treat pelvic pain and infertility due to a certain uterus disorder (endometriosis) and also to treat breast pain/tenderness/nodules due to a certain breast condition (fibrocystic breast disease). It is also used in both men and women to prevent swelling of the abdomen/arms/legs/face/airway due to a certain congenital disease (hereditary angioedema). Danazol is an androgen similar to testosterone. For the treatment of endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease, it works by decreasing the amount of hormones made by the ovaries. These hormones usually make the conditions worse. For the treatment of angioedema, danazol helps to increase the amount of a certain protein in your body's defense system (immune system).20
DANICOPAN1
DANIO RERIO EGG1
DANOFLOXACIN MESYLATE1
DANTROLENE SODIUMSkeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.This medication is used to treat muscle tightness and cramping (spasms) caused by certain nerve disorders such as spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. It works by relaxing the muscles. Dantrolene helps reduce muscle pain and stiffness, improves your ability to move around, and lets you do more of your daily activities. Dantrolene is also used with other treatments to prevent or treat special cases of high fever (malignant hyperthermia) related to anesthesia and surgery.37
DAPAGLIFLOZIN17
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOLDapagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. This medication is also used in people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys. Dapagliflozin is also used to treat heart failure. It may help you live longer and lower your risk of going to the hospital for heart failure. Dapagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sodium by your kidneys.50
DAPHNE MEZEREUM BARK112
DAPHNE MEZEREUM WHOLE4
DAPHNE ODORA BARK10
DAPIPRAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE2
DAPIVIRINE1
DAPOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE6
DAPRODUSTAT16
DAPSONEA sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)This medication is used to treat acne. It helps decrease the number and severity of acne pimples and helps pimples that do develop to heal more quickly. Dapsone is an antibiotic. It is not known how dapsone works to treat acne.52
DAPTOMYCINA cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA.This medication is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 12 months due to possible risk of serious side effects.63
DARATUMUMABThis medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (multiple myeloma). Daratumumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
DARBEPOETIN ALFAA recombinant protein which stimulates ERYTHROPOIESIS used to treat ANEMIA.15
DARIDOREXANT2
DARIFENACIN1
DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDEDarifenacin is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, darifenacin improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics.26
DAROLUTAMIDEDarolutamide is used to treat a certain type of prostate cancer. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). It works by blocking the effects of testosterone to slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer.4
DARUNAVIRAn HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.21
DARUNAVIR ETHANOLATEAn HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Darunavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. Darunavir must be given with certain other medications (such as cobicistat, ritonavir) to increase ("boost") the levels of darunavir. This helps darunavir work better. Darunavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 3 years due to the increased risk of serious side effects.19
DARUNAVIR HYDRATE6
DARUNAVIR PROPYLENE GLYCOLATE2
DASABUVIR1
DASATINIBA pyrimidine and thiazole derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT and PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR of BCR-ABL KINASE. It is used in the treatment of patients with CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA who are resistant or intolerant to IMATINIB.This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (chronic myeloid leukemia-CML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia-ALL). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.31
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS1
DASIGLUCAGON4
DASIGLUCAGON HYDROCHLORIDE1
DATURA STRAMONIUMA plant species of the genus DATURA, family SOLANACEAE, that contains TROPANES and other SOLANACEOUS ALKALOIDS.105
DATURA STRAMONIUM FLOWERING TOP1
DATURA STRAMONIUM WHOLE1
DAUNORUBICINA very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.2
DAUNORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDEA very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.7
DECITABINEAn azacitidine derivative and antineoplastic antimetabolite. It inhibits DNA methyltransferase to re-activate silent genes, limiting METASTASIS and NEOPLASM DRUG RESISTANCE. Decitabine is used in the treatment of MYELODISPLASTIC SYNDROMES, and ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.This medication is used to treat a group of blood/bone marrow disorders (myelodysplastic syndromes-MDS) in which the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells. People with MDS may have problems such as infections, anemia, and easy bleeding/bruising. Decitabine is a chemotherapy drug. It is believed to work by helping your bone marrow grow normal blood cells so you will need fewer blood transfusions. Decitabine also kills abnormal blood cells that have grown too fast and do not work properly.41
DECITABINE MONOHYDRATE1
DECOQUINATEA coccidiostat for poultry.2
DECYL OLEATE4
DEFERASIROXA triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.This medication is used to treat ongoing high levels of iron in the body caused by multiple blood transfusions. It is also used to treat high levels of iron in people with a certain blood disorder who do not require blood transfusions (non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia). It works by binding to iron, allowing the body to pass extra iron out in the stool. Deferasirox belongs to a class of drugs known as iron-chelating agents. Frequent blood transfusions are often needed in certain types of blood diseases (such as sickle cell disease, anemia). Blood transfusions have very helpful benefits, but they can cause the body to hold on to too much iron. The extra iron can build up in the body and cause problems such as heart failure, liver disease, and diabetes. Getting rid of extra iron can decrease the risk of these diseases.122
DEFERIPRONEA pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.This medication is used by people with a certain type of blood disorder (thalassemia) who have too much iron in the body, caused by repeated blood transfusions. Blood transfusions help people with blood disorders but they also bring extra iron into the body. It is important to get rid of the extra iron because high levels of iron can cause health problems (such as heart failure, liver disease, diabetes, delayed growth in children). Deferiprone is used if you have trouble taking other traditional iron-removal medications or you continue to have high iron levels after taking other iron-removal medications. Deferiprone belongs to a class of drugs known as iron chelators. It works by attaching to iron which helps your body pass the extra iron out in the urine.10
DEFEROXAMINE MESYLATENatural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.This medication is used along with other treatments (such as causing vomiting with syrup of ipecac, stomach pumping) to treat sudden iron poisoning. It is most effective when given as soon as possible after the iron was eaten. This medication can also be used to help get rid of iron in patients with high iron levels due to many blood transfusions. Deferoxamine is an iron-binding agent that belongs to a class of drugs known as heavy metal antagonists. It works by helping the kidneys and gallbladder get rid of the extra iron. This medication is not recommended for use in children less than 3 years old (see also Precautions section).14
DEFIBROTIDE SODIUM2
DEFLAZACORT15
DEGARELIX1
DEGARELIX ACETATEDegarelix is used to treat advanced prostate cancer in men. It is not a cure. Most types of prostate cancer need the male hormone testosterone to grow and spread. Degarelix works by reducing the amount of testosterone that the body makes. This helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.6
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL4
DEHYDROACETIC ACID5
DELAFLOXACIN MEGLUMINEDelafloxacin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.4
DELORAZEPAM1
DELPHINIUM STAPHISAGRIA SEED171
DELPHINIUM STAPHISAGRIA WHOLE2
DEMECARIUM BROMIDE1
DEMECLOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.11
DENDROBIUM MONILIFORME WHOLE1
DENDROPANAX DENTIGER ROOT WITH STEM1
DENDRYPHIELLA VINOSA4
DENOSUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody and an inhibitor of the RANK LIGAND, which regulates OSTEOCLAST differentiation and bone remodeling. It is used as a BONE DENSITY CONSERVATION AGENT in the treatment of OSTEOPOROSIS.Denosumab is used to treat bone loss (osteoporosis) in people who have a high risk of getting fractures. Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases after menopause (in women), as you age, if someone in your family has osteoporosis, or if you take certain medications (such as prednisone) for long periods. This medication works by slowing bone loss to help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Denosumab belongs to a class of drugs called monoclonal antibodies. It prevents certain cells in the body (osteoclasts) from breaking down bone.2
DEOXYCHOLIC ACIDA bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.4
DERACOXIB3
DERMATOPHAGOIDES FARINAESpecies of American house dust mite, in the family PYROGLYPHIDAE.23
DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUSSpecies of European house dust mite, in the family PYROGLYPHIDAE. It is the most commonly found house dust mite.21
DESFLURANEA fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.7
DESFLURANE, (R)-1
DESIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.52
DESIRUDIN1
DESLORATADINEDesloratadine is an antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction.24
DESLORELIN3
DESMOPRESSIN18
DESMOPRESSIN ACETATEA synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.Desmopressin is used to control the amount of urine your kidneys make. Normally, the amount of urine you make is controlled by a certain substance in the body called vasopressin. In people who have "water diabetes" (diabetes insipidus) or certain kinds of head injury or brain surgery, the body does not make enough vasopressin. Desmopressin is a man-made form of vasopressin and is used to replace a low level of vasopressin. This medication helps to control increased thirst and too much urination due to these conditions, and helps prevent dehydration. Desmopressin is also used to control bleeding caused by surgery or injuries in people with certain bleeding problems (hemophilia A, type 1 von Willebrand's disease). It works by helping the body with normal blood clotting.70
DESOGESTRELA synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).5
DESONIDEA nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Desonide reduces the swelling, itching and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. Desonide is a mild corticosteroid.42
DESOXIMETASONEA topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Desoximetasone reduces the swelling, itching and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong corticosteroid.45
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE2
DESVENLAFAXINEA cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.Desvenlafaxine is used to treat depression. It may improve your mood, feelings of well-being, and energy level. Desvenlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.10
DESVENLAFAXINE SUCCINATEA cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.Desvenlafaxine is used to treat depression. It may improve your mood, feelings of well-being, and energy level. Desvenlafaxine is known as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (serotonin and norepinephrine) in the brain.66
DETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE3
DEUCRAVACITINIB4
DEUTETRABENAZINEDeutetrabenazine is used to decrease involuntary movements (chorea) caused by Huntington's disease. It is also used to treat involuntary movements of the face, tongue, or other body parts (tardive dyskinesia). However, it is not a cure for the Huntington's disease or tardive dyskinesia. Reducing involuntary movements will help you take part in more of your normal daily activities. This medication is thought to work by decreasing the amount of certain natural substances in the brain that affect how your nerves and muscles work (monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine).11
DEUTETRABENAZINE, (R,S)-REL-1
DEUTIVACAFTOR1
DEXAMETHASONEAn anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Dexamethasone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood/hormone disorders, allergic reactions, skin diseases, eye problems, breathing problems, bowel disorders, cancer, and immune system disorders. It is also used as a test for an adrenal gland disorder (Cushing's syndrome). Dexamethasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.179
DEXAMETHASONE ACETATE ANHYDROUS4
DEXAMETHASONE ACETATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM2
DEXAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE1
DEXAMETHASONE ISONICOTINATEAn anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.1
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATEDexamethasone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood/hormone disorders, allergic reactions, skin diseases, eye problems, breathing problems, bowel disorders, cancer, and immune system disorders. It is also used as a test for an adrenal gland disorder (Cushing's syndrome). Dexamethasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions. This injectable form of dexamethasone is used when a similar drug cannot be taken by mouth or when a very fast response is needed, especially in patients with severe medical conditions. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of dexamethasone, especially if it is to be injected near your spine (epidural). Rare but serious side effects may occur with epidural use.94
DEXBROMPHENIRAMINE MALEATE21
DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATEDexchlorpheniramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms may include rash, watery eyes, itchy eyes/nose/throat/skin, cough, runny nose, and sneezing. This medication works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. It also blocks another natural substance made by your body (acetylcholine). Blocking acetylcholine helps lessen symptoms such as watery eyes and runny nose. Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. Do not use this product to treat cold symptoms in children younger than 6 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Some products (such as long-acting tablets/capsules) are not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely. These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold and may cause serious side effects. To decrease the risk for serious side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not use this product to make a child sleepy. Do not give other cough-and-cold medications that contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).11
DEXFOSFOSERINE1
DEXIBUPROFEN1
DEXKETOPROFEN TROMETHAMINE2
DEXLANSOPRAZOLEThe R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.Dexlansoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Dexlansoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).31
DEXLANSOPRAZOLE SESQUIHYDRATEThe R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.8
DEXMEDETOMIDINEAn imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.4
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.89
DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE1
DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDEA methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.184
DEXPANTHENOL27
DEXRAZOXANEThe (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.Dexrazoxane is used to reduce the risk and severity of heart damage caused by doxorubicin treatment and similar cancer chemotherapy medications. Heart damage limits the length of time you can be treated with doxorubicin. Dexrazoxane allows you to continue doxorubicin treatment for longer. When used for this purpose, dexrazoxane treatment is usually started after you have received several doses of doxorubicin. It is usually not given with the first doses of doxorubicin since doing so may reduce the effectiveness of doxorubicin.5
DEXRAZOXANE HYDROCHLORIDEThe (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.9
DEXTRAN 12
DEXTRAN 40A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.3
DEXTRAN 5001
DEXTRAN 601
DEXTRAN 70A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.39
DEXTROAMPHETAMINEThe d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.6
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SACCHARATE326
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATEThe d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.This medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Dextroamphetamine belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills. This drug is also used to treat a certain sleeping disorder (narcolepsy) to help you stay awake during the day. It should not be used to treat tiredness or to hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder.387
DEXTROMETHORPHANMethyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.20
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDEMethyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.2257
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE ANHYDROUS1
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROCHLORIDEMethyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.1
DEXTROSEThis product is used to treat low blood sugar levels. Symptoms of low blood sugar include sudden sweating, cold skin, shaking, irritability, fast heartbeat, hunger, blurred vision, dizziness, or tingling hands/feet. It is a good habit to carry glucose tablets, liquid, or gel to treat low blood sugar. If you don't have these reliable forms of glucose, rapidly raise your blood sugar by eating a quick source of sugar such as table sugar, honey, or candy, or drink fruit juice or non-diet soda. To help prevent low blood sugar, eat meals on a regular schedule, and do not skip meals. Check with your doctor or pharmacist about what to do if you miss a meal.55
DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE213
DEXTROSE, UNSPECIFIED FORM24
DIAMONDDiamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)16
DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINEA versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.11
DIATRIZOATE SODIUMA commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.9
DIATRIZOIC ACIDA commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.2
DIAZEPAMA benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.This medication is used to treat episodes of increased seizures (such as cluster or breakthrough seizures) in people who are already taking medications to control their seizures. This product is only recommended for short-term treatment of seizure attacks. It is not for ongoing daily use to prevent seizures. Uncontrolled seizures can turn into serious (possibly fatal) seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus). This medication is not recommended for children younger than 6 months of age because of the risk of serious side effects. Diazepam works by calming the brain and nerves. It belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines.136
DIAZOLIDINYL UREA1
DIAZOXIDEA benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.This medication is used to treat very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Certain conditions (such as tumor on the pancreas, cancer, leucine sensitivity) can cause the release of too much insulin. Insulin is a natural substance that lowers blood sugar. This drug works by preventing insulin release from the pancreas, helping to return the blood sugar to normal levels. Diazoxide is a thiazide drug, but has no diuretic ("water pill") effects like other thiazides. Diazoxide should not be used to treat low blood sugar from poor nutrition/diet (functional hypoglycemia).16
DIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE2
DIBASIC POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE120
DIBUCAINEA local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)6
DIBUCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
DICAPRYLYL ETHER2
DICENTRA FORMOSA WHOLE4
DICHLORPHENAMIDEA carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.This medication is used to treat a certain inherited condition that causes attacks of muscle weakness or loss of muscle movement that come and go (primary periodic paralysis). Dichlorphenamide belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It is not known how it works for this condition, but it can decrease the number of attacks of muscle weakness.8
DICHROMATE ION3
DICLAZURIL4
DICLOFENACA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.6
DICLOFENAC DIETHYLAMINE3
DICLOFENAC EPOLAMINEDiclofenac patches are used to relieve pain from various conditions (e.g., sprained ankle). This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.15
DICLOFENAC POTASSIUMA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.Diclofenac is used to relieve pain from various conditions. This form of diclofenac is used to treat migraine headaches. Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.57
DICLOFENAC SODIUMA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.Diclofenac is used to relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis. Reducing these symptoms helps you do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.382
DICLOXACILLIN SODIUMOne of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.Dicloxacillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.12
DICTAMNUS DASYCARPUS ROOT BARK1
DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.112
DIDANOSINEA dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Didanosine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Didanosine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.3
DIDECYLDIMONIUM1
DIDECYLDIMONIUM CHLORIDE15
DIEFFENBACHIA SEGUINE40
DIEFFENBACHIA SEGUINE WHOLE6
DIENOGEST4
DIETHYLAMINO HYDROXYBENZOYL HEXYL BENZOATE2
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOETHYL ETHER2
DIETHYLPROPION HYDROCHLORIDEA appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)22
DIETHYLSTILBESTROLA synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)2
DIETHYLTOLUAMIDE1
DIFELIKEFALIN ACETATE5
DIFENOXIN HYDROCHLORIDE2
DIFLORASONE DIACETATEDiflorasone is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Diflorasone reduces the swelling, itching and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong (high-potency) corticosteroid.9
DIFLUNISALA salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.Diflunisal is used to relieve mild to moderate pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness caused by arthritis. Reducing these symptoms helps you do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).9
DIFLUPREDNATEThis medication is used to treat swelling and pain after eye surgery. It may also be used to treat a certain serious eye problem (endogenous anterior uveitis). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids.10
DIGITALIN1
DIGITALISA genus of toxic herbaceous Eurasian plants of the Plantaginaceae which yield cardiotonic DIGITALIS GLYCOSIDES. The most useful species are Digitalis lanata and D. purpurea.75
DIGITALIS PURPUREA WHOLE1
DIGLYCERIN1
DIGLYCOLIC ACID2
DIGOXINA cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)Digoxin is used to treat heart failure, usually along with other medications. It is also used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeat (such as chronic atrial fibrillation). Treating heart failure may help maintain your ability to walk and exercise and may improve the strength of your heart. Treating an irregular heartbeat can also improve your ability to exercise. Digoxin belongs to a class of medications called cardiac glycosides. It works by affecting certain minerals (sodium and potassium) inside heart cells. This reduces strain on the heart and helps it maintain a normal, steady, and strong heartbeat.70
DIHEXA3
DIHYDRO-.ALPHA.-ERGOCRYPTINE MESYLATE2
DIHYDRO-.BETA.-ERGOCRYPTINE MESYLATE1
DIHYDROCODEINE BITARTRATE3
DIHYDROERGOCORNINE MESYLATE1
DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE MESYLATE1
DIHYDROERGOTAMINEA 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.1
DIHYDROERGOTAMINE MESYLATEA 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.Dihydroergotamine is used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches. It is not recommended for migraines that affect only one side of the brain (hemiplegic migraine) or the base of the brain/neck area (basilar migraine), or to prevent migraines from occurring. Dihydroergotamine is an ergot medication that helps narrow widened blood vessels in the head, thereby reducing the throbbing effects of these headaches.21
DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN SULFATEA semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.2
DIHYDROXYALUMINUM SODIUM CARBONATE1
DILLAnethum graveolens L. is a plant species of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are considered as a spice (SPICES).15
DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDEA benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.293
DIMENHYDRINATEA drug combination that contains diphenhydramine and theophylline. It is used for treating VERTIGO, MOTION SICKNESS, and NAUSEA associated with PREGNANCY.Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine used to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting and dizziness caused by motion sickness when medication cannot be given by mouth. Dimenhydrinate injection should not be used in newborns because of an increased risk of side effects.39
DIMETHICONEThis medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. Some products (e.g., zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (e.g., from wetness). Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone are common emollients. Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin. Many products also have ingredients that soften the horny substance (keratin) that holds the top layer of skin cells together (including urea, alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic/citric/glycolic acid, and allantoin). This helps the dead skin cells fall off, helps the skin keep in more water, and leaves the skin feeling smoother and softer.795
DIMETHICONE 1002
DIMETHICONE 202
DIMETHICONE 3501
DIMETHICONE 4105
DIMETHICONE 5001
DIMETHYL FUMARATEA fumarate derivative that is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of PSORIASIS and SKIN DISEASES. It also may be used as an IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.Dimethyl fumarate is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is not a cure for MS. It helps decrease the number of episodes of worsening MS.64
DIMETHYL SULFONE1
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDEA highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.This medication is used to treat a certain bladder condition (interstitial cystitis). Dimethyl sulfoxide is also known as DMSO. It is believed to reduce swelling and pain due to interstitial cystitis and may improve blood supply to the treated area.2
DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE, DL-1
DIMYRISTOYLPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL, DL-1
DINALBUPHINE SEBACATE1
DINITOLMIDEA coccidiostat for poultry.3
DINOPROST TROMETHAMINE2
DINOPROSTONEThe most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.This medication is used to help prepare your cervix (the lower opening of the womb) for labor and delivery. It is used in women who are having a normal pregnancy and who are at or near their delivery due date. Dinoprostone is a natural substance that your body makes in preparation for labor. It relaxes and softens your cervix (cervical ripening) to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal during delivery.8
DINUTUXIMAB1
DIORNITHINE OXOGLURATE1
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA ROOT6
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA TUBER41
DIOXYBENZONE1
DIPHENCYPRONE2
DIPHENHYDRAMINEA histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.8
DIPHENHYDRAMINE CITRATEA histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.54
DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.1239
DIPHENOXYLATEA MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.1
DIPHENOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDEA MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.44
DIPLACUS AURANTIACUS WHOLE5
DIPSACUS FULLONUM WHOLE9
DIPYRIDAMOLEA phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)This medication is used in combination with "blood thinners" such as warfarin to keep clots from forming after heart valve replacements. Clots are a serious complication that can cause strokes, heart attacks, or blocked blood vessels in the lungs (pulmonary embolisms). Dipyridamole is an antiplatelet drug. It helps to keep blood flowing by stopping platelets from clumping together and by keeping heart blood vessels open.42
DIROXIMEL FUMARATEDiroximel fumarate is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is not a cure for MS. It helps decrease the number of episodes of worsening MS.7
DISELENIUM DICHLORIDE8
DISOPYRAMIDE PHOSPHATEA class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.This medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat, such as persistent ventricular tachycardia. It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Disopyramide is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.15
DISTEAROYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE, DL-2
DISTICHLIS SPICATA POLLEN6
DISULFIRAMA carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.This medication is used along with counseling and support to treat alcoholism. Disulfiram works by blocking the processing of alcohol in the body. This causes you to have a bad reaction when you drink alcohol.12
DIVALPROEX SODIUMA fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, certain psychiatric conditions (manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.179
DM41
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.18
DOCETAXELA semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.This medication is used to treat cancer (such as breast, lung, prostate, stomach, and head/neck cancer). Docetaxel is a member of a family of drugs called taxanes. This drug works by slowing cell growth.35
DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUSA semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.42
DOCONAZOLE1
DOCONEXENT20
DOCOSANOL90
DOCUSATE4
DOCUSATE CALCIUMAll-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.This medication is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as docusate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Docusate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery). Docusate is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass.17
DOCUSATE SODIUMAll-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.This medication is used to treat occasional constipation. Some medications and conditions can make constipation more likely. Stool softeners such as docusate are often the first method used for preventing and treating this type of constipation. Docusate is often used when straining to have a bowel movement should be avoided (e.g., after a heart attack or surgery). Docusate is a stool softener. It works by increasing the amount of water the stool absorbs in the gut, making the stool softer and easier to pass.492
DOCUSATE SODIUM/SODIUM BENZOATE2
DODECAHYDROXYCYCLOHEXANE DIHYDRATE3
DOFETILIDEThis medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as atrial fibrillation/flutter). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. Dofetilide is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking the activity of certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.49
DOLASETRON MESYLATE4
DOLICHOVESPULA ARENARIA VENOM PROTEIN3
DOLICHOVESPULA MACULATA VENOM PROTEIN3
DOLUTEGRAVIR SODIUMDolutegravir is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Dolutegravir belongs to a class of drugs known as integrase inhibitors. It blocks the virus from growing and infecting more cells. Dolutegravir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.26
DOMIPHEN BROMIDE3
DOMPERIDONEA specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.1
DOMPERIDONE MALEATEA specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.1
DONANEMAB2
DONEPEZILAn indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.2
DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDEAn indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.134
DONEPEZIL HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE2
DONISLECEL1
DONOR HUMAN STOOL1
DONOR HUMAN STOOL SPORES (ETHANOL TREATED)2
DOPAMINEOne of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.4
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEOne of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.66
DORAMECTIN5
DORAVIRINEThis drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Doravirine belongs to a class of drugs known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Doravirine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.9
DORNASE ALFAThis medication is used to improve breathing and reduce the risk of lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis. It is used along with other treatments for this disease (e.g., chest physical therapy, medications, nutritional supplements). Dornase alfa is the same as a substance (DNase I enzyme) that is naturally produced by the body. It works in the airways by decreasing stickiness/thickness of mucus so that it can be cleared from the lungs more easily.3
DORZOLAMIDE1
DORZOLAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE48
DOSTARLIMAB2
DOTHIEPIN HYDROCHLORIDEA tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.1
DOXAPRAM HYDROCHLORIDEA central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)3
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATEDoxazosin is used alone or with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Doxazosin is also used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and part of the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate frequently or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Doxazosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers.120
DOXEPIN HYDROCHLORIDEA dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.231
DOXERCALCIFEROLThis medication is used to treat people with serious kidney disease on dialysis who have high levels of a certain substance (parathyroid hormone-PTH), which your body normally makes. High PTH levels affect the balance of other minerals in your body (calcium and phosphorus) and may cause weak bones. Doxercalciferol is a form of vitamin D. It works by decreasing PTH levels and increasing calcium/phosphorus levels in the body.26
DOXOFYLLINE1
DOXORUBICINAntineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.2
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDEAntineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.74
DOXYCYCLINEA synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.131
DOXYCYCLINE ANHYDROUS1
DOXYCYCLINE CALCIUMA synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including those that cause acne. This medication is also used to prevent malaria. This medication is known as a tetracycline antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.1
DOXYCYCLINE HYCLATEA synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including those that cause acne. This medication is also used to prevent malaria. This medication is known as a tetracycline antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.255
DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE525
DRIMIA MARITIMA BULB23
DRIMIA MARITIMA WHOLE1
DRONABINOLA psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.Dronabinol is used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy. It is usually used when other drugs to control nausea and vomiting have not been successful. Dronabinol is also used to treat loss of appetite and weight loss in patients with HIV infection. Dronabinol (also called THC) is a man-made form of the active natural substance in marijuana (cannabis).42
DRONEDARONEA non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.4
DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE7
DROPERIDOLA butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)5
DROSERA ANGLICA17
DROSERA INTERMEDIA2
DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA48
DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA FLOWERING TOP32
DROSERA ROTUNDIFOLIA WHOLE15
DROSPIRENONEThis medication is used to prevent pregnancy. Drospirenone (a progestin) is a hormone that works mainly by preventing the release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle. It also makes vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. Besides preventing pregnancy, birth control pills may make your periods more regular, decrease blood loss and painful periods, and decrease your risk of ovarian cysts. Using this product does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, hepatitis B, gonorrhea, syphilis). To decrease your risk of infection, always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condom/dental dams) during all sexual activity.14
DROXIDOPAA synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.Droxidopa is used to treat symptoms of low blood pressure when standing, caused by a certain medical condition (neurogenic orthostatic hypotension-NOH). This medication can lessen symptoms of low blood pressure when standing (orthostatic hypotension), such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or the "feeling that you are about to black out." Droxidopa is used by people whose daily activities are severely affected by this condition, even after other treatments are used (such as support stockings, water bolus). It is thought to work by making the blood vessels become more narrow, which increases blood pressure.59
DRYOPTERIS FILIX-MAS ROOT35
DUCKA water bird in the order Anseriformes (subfamily Anatinae (true ducks)) with a broad blunt bill, short legs, webbed feet, and a waddling gait.1
DULAGLUTIDEDulaglutide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. This medication is also used to lessen the risk of a major cardiovascular event (such as heart attack or stroke) in people who already have, or are at high risk for heart/blood vessel disease. Dulaglutide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by causing insulin release in response to high blood sugar (such as after a meal) and by decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes. Dulaglutide is not a substitute for insulin if you need insulin treatment.19
DULOXETINEA thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.1
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDEA thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.250
DUNGENESS CRAB, COOKED1
DUPILUMABThis medication is used to treat a skin condition called eczema (atopic dermatitis). It is also used along with other medications to help control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. In addition, dupilumab may be used to reduce symptoms caused by nasal polyps and the long-term swelling of the sinuses and nasal passage (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis). Dupilumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking certain natural proteins in your body (interleukin-4 and interleukin-13) that may cause inflammation and swelling. This medication should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.5
DURLOBACTAM SODIUM1
DURVALUMABDurvalumab is used to treat a certain type of bladder and urinary tract cancer. It is also used to treat lung cancer. It works by helping your immune system fight the cancer. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.8
DUTASTERIDEA 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.This medication is used in men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It works by reducing the size of the enlarged prostate. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate frequently or urgently (including during the middle of the night). It may also reduce the need for surgery to treat BPH. Dutasteride is not approved for prevention of prostate cancer. It may slightly increase the risk of developing a very serious form of prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks. This medication should not be used by women or children.58
DUVELISIBThis medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma). Duvelisib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE36
DYDROGESTERONEA synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION.3
DYSPHANIA AMBROSIOIDES22
DYSPHANIA AMBROSIOIDES POLLEN1
DYSPHANIA AMBROSIOIDES WHOLE12
DYSPHANIA BOTRYS POLLEN1
DYSPROSIUMAn element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.28
E-60051
EAST INDIAN LEMONGRASS OIL6
EASTERN OYSTERA genus of oysters in the family OSTREIDAE, class BIVALVIA.5
ECALLANTIDEThis medication is used to treat an acute attack of a certain immune disease passed down through families (hereditary angioedema-HAE). Ecallantide blocks a natural substance produced by the body (kallikrein) which acts to increase amounts of another natural substance (bradykinin) thought to cause the symptoms seen during an acute attack of HAE. This medication does not cure HAE. Ecallantide may lessen the symptoms during an acute attack of HAE such as rapid swelling and pain of the hands, feet, limbs, face, tongue, or throat. When attacks involve the intestines, symptoms may include abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhea or vomiting. Attacks of swelling may occur without reason. However, anxiety, stress, sickness, and surgery may trigger attacks in some people.2
ECAMSULE2
ECBALLIUM ELATERIUM FRUIT2
ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIAA genus of perennial herbs used topically and internally. It contains echinacoside, GLYCOSIDES; INULIN; isobutyl amides, resin, and SESQUITERPENES.260
ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA ROOT4
ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA WHOLE106
ECHINACEA PALLIDAA genus of perennial herbs used topically and internally. It contains echinacoside, GLYCOSIDES; INULIN; isobutyl amides, resin, and SESQUITERPENES.6
ECHINACEA PURPUREAA genus of perennial herbs used topically and internally. It contains echinacoside, GLYCOSIDES; INULIN; isobutyl amides, resin, and SESQUITERPENES.70
ECHINACEA PURPUREA FLOWERING TOP2
ECHINACEA PURPUREA WHOLE9
ECHINACEA, UNSPECIFIED260
ECHOTHIOPHATE IODIDEA potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye (due to conditions such as certain types of glaucoma) and other eye problems (such as accommodative esotropia). It works by causing the pupil to shrink, decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye, and affecting certain eye muscles.1
ECONAZOLE NITRATEAn imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.Econazole is used to treat a variety of fungal skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm. This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Econazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.16
ECULIZUMABThis medication is used to treat a certain blood disorder (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria). This disorder can cause a decrease in red blood cells (anemia). This medication helps to block the decrease in red blood cells and can improve the symptoms of anemia (e.g., tiredness, shortness of breath) and decrease the need for blood transfusions. This medication may also be used to treat a certain immune system disorder (atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome). It helps to prevent blood clots caused by this disorder. Eculizumab is also used to treat a certain muscle condition (generalized Myasthenia Gravis). It may help to improve symptoms of this condition (such as difficulty swallowing, trouble breathing). Eculizumab is also used to treat a certain nervous system disorder that affects the spinal cord and eye nerve (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder). It may help to reduce the number of hospital stays due to the disease.4
EDARAVONEAn antipyrine derivative that functions as a free radical scavenger and neuroprotective agent. It is used in the treatment of AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS and STROKE.Edaravone is used to treat a certain type of nerve disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also commonly called Lou Gehrig's disease). It helps to slow down the worsening of this disease. However, it is not a cure for ALS, and it does not reverse nerve damage or muscle weakness.12
EDETATE CALCIUM DISODIUM4
EDETATE CALCIUM DISODIUM ANHYDROUS1
EDETATE DISODIUM5
EDETIC ACIDA chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.2
EDIBLE OYSTER1
EDIBLE ROCK CRAB5
EDODEKIN ALFA1
EDOTREOTIDE1
EDOTREOTIDE GALLIUM GA-681
EDOXABAN TOSYLATEEdoxaban is used to prevent serious blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation). It is also used to treat certain blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE). Edoxaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.6
EDOXABAN TOSYLATE MONOHYDRATE6
EDROPHONIUM CHLORIDE1
EFAVIRENZThis drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Efavirenz belongs to a class of drugs known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Efavirenz is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.52
EFBEMALENOGRASTIM ALFA2
EFGARTIGIMOD ALFA5
EFINACONAZOLEThis medication is used to treat toenail infection caused by fungus. It works by stopping the growth of certain types of fungus. Efinaconazole belongs to a class of drugs known as azole antifungals. This medication treats only fungal infections. It will not work for other types of infection, such as those caused by bacteria. Unnecessary use or overuse of any drug used to treat infection can lead to its decreased effectiveness.15
EFLAPEGRASTIM2
EFLORNITHINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.6
EFMOROCTOCOG ALFA10
EFTRENONACOG ALFA1
EGG11
EGG PHOSPHOLIPIDS20
EGG SHELL MEMBRANE2
EGG SHELL, COOKED8
EGG WHITEThe white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)6
EGG YOLKCytoplasm stored in an egg that contains nutritional reserves for the developing embryo. It is rich in polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins.5
EGGPLANT9
EHRENDORFERIA CHRYSANTHA WHOLE6
EHRLICHIA CANISSpecies of gram-negative bacteria in the family ANAPLASMATACEAE, causing EHRLICHIOSIS in DOGS. The most common vector is the brown dog tick. It can also cause disease in humans.9
EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES WHOLE2
EIDD-28011
ELACESTRANT2
ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA POLLEN7
ELAEAGNUS ANGUSTIFOLIA WHOLE8
ELAEIS GUINEENSIS FRUIT3
ELAGOLIX2
ELAGOLIX SODIUMThis medication is used by women to help relieve moderate to severe pain due to a condition called endometriosis. Endometriosis is the growth of tissue that normally lines the inside of the womb (uterus) in a different place, such as on the outside surface of the uterus, on the ovaries, or on other organs. This condition may cause symptoms such as painful/heavy/irregular menstrual periods, pain during or after sex, or infertility. Elagolix works by decreasing your body's production of certain hormones (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone), which leads to lower amounts of female sex hormones (estrogens). These lower levels may help decrease some symptoms of endometriosis.14
ELAMIPRETIDE2
ELAPEGADEMASE1
ELASTIN (HUMAN)1
ELBASVIR3
ELETRIPTAN HYDROBROMIDEEletriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Eletriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that causes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Eletriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.28
ELETRIPTAN HYDROBROMIDE MONOHYDRATE3
ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM WHOLE1
ELEUTHERO3
ELEUTHEROCOCCUS SENTICOSUS WHOLE4
ELEXACAFTOR2
ELIGLUSTAT1
ELIGLUSTAT TARTRATEThis medication is used for long-term treatment of a certain rare genetic problem (Gaucher's disease). Eliglustat works by decreasing the amount of a certain natural fatty substance (glucosylceramide) that builds up due to this condition. This can improve symptoms of Gaucher's disease, such as bruising, tiredness, pain in the joints/bones, and a swollen liver/spleen.6
ELINZANETANT1
ELIVALDOGENE AUTOTEMCEL1
ELM1
ELOBIXIBAT MONOHYDRATE1
ELOSULFASE ALFA3
ELOTUZUMABThis medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (multiple myeloma). Elotuzumab belongs to a class of dugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
ELRANATAMAB3
ELTANOLONE1
ELTROMBOPAG1
ELTROMBOPAG CHOLINE4
ELTROMBOPAG OLAMINEThis medication is used to treat low platelet levels in people who have a certain blood disorder called chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) or who have chronic hepatitis C. It may also be used to treat people with a certain blood disorder (aplastic anemia). Platelets are a type of blood cell needed to form blood clots and prevent bleeding. Eltrombopag decreases your risk of bleeding by increasing the number of platelets. Eltrombopag acts like a certain natural substance (thrombopoietin) that causes the body to produce platelets.22
ELUXADOLINEThis medication is used to treat a certain stomach/abdominal disorder (irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, or IBS-D). It works by slowing down the motion in your gut. This effect helps lessen symptoms such as belly pain and diarrhea.5
ELVITEGRAVIR11
ELYMUS REPENS POLLEN18
ELYMUS REPENS ROOT34
ELYMUS REPENS TOP1
ELYMUS REPENS WHOLE2
EMAPALUMAB9
EMEDASTINE DIFUMARATE1
EMICIZUMAB10
EMIDELTIDE3
EMPAGLIFLOZINEmpagliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Empagliflozin is also used in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Empagliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys.50
EMTRICITABINEA deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.Emtricitabine is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Emtricitabine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Emtricitabine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.117
ENALAPRIL MALEATEEnalapril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to help prevent people with a certain heart problem (left ventricular dysfunction) from developing heart failure. Enalapril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.139
ENALAPRILATThe active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.4
ENALAPRILAT DIHYDRATEThe active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.2
ENASIDENIB MESYLATEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of blood cell cancer (acute myeloid leukemia-AML). Enasidenib works by helping your bone marrow grow normal blood cells so you will need fewer blood transfusions.2
ENCEQUIDAR MESYLATE MONOHYDRATE1
ENCLOMIPHENEThe trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.1
ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATEThe trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.7
ENCORAFENIBEncorafenib is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as melanoma skin cancer, cancer in the colon or rectum). Encorafenib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.8
ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN5
ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN-EJFV2
ENFUVIRTIDEA synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Enfuvirtide is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.1
ENGLISH WALNUTA plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that provides the familiar walnut.24
ENMETAZOBACTAM1
ENOBOSARM1
ENOXAPARIN SODIUMEnoxaparin is used to prevent and treat harmful blood clots. This helps to reduce the risk of a stroke or heart attack. This medication helps keep your blood flowing smoothly by lowering the activity of clotting proteins in the blood. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant, also known as a "blood thinner." It is a type of heparin. Conditions which increase your risk of developing blood clots include certain types of surgeries (such as knee/hip replacement, abdominal), long periods of being immobile, certain types of heart attack, and a specific type of chest pain called unstable angina. For some medical conditions, enoxaparin may be used in combination with other "blood thinners."165
ENROFLOXACINA fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.7
ENSIFENTRINE1
ENSITRELVIR FUMARATE1
ENSULIZOLE111
ENTACAPONEThis medication is used with other medications (levodopa/carbidopa) to treat Parkinson's disease. Entacapone belongs to a class of drugs known as COMT inhibitors. Many people taking levodopa for Parkinson's have problems with the effects of the levodopa wearing off between scheduled doses, causing symptoms to return or worsen. Entacapone blocks a certain natural substance (COMT enzyme) that breaks down the levodopa in the body. This effect allows the levodopa to last longer in the system so that it doesn't wear off before the next dose.58
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICAA species of parasitic protozoa causing ENTAMOEBIASIS and amebic dysentery (DYSENTERY, AMEBIC). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded.10
ENTECAVIRSee also Warning section. Entecavir is used to treat long-term hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus. Long-term infection can cause liver damage, rarely liver cancer, and liver failure. Entecavir helps to decrease the amount of hepatitis B virus in your body. It is unknown if this medication lowers your chance of getting liver cancer or liver damage. Entecavir is an antiviral that belongs to a class of drugs known as hepatitis B virus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Entecavir is not a cure for hepatitis B. It does not prevent the spread of the virus to others through sexual contact or blood/body fluid contamination (such as sharing used needles).44
ENTECAVIR ANHYDROUS4
ENTEROBACTER CLOACAEA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in water, sewage, soil, meat, hospital environments, and on the skin and in the intestinal tract of man and animals as a commensal.3
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS5
ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALISA species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.41
ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUMA species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.1
ENTRECTINIBThis medication is used to treat various types of cancer. Entrectinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.7
ENZALUTAMIDEEnzalutamide is used to treat prostate cancer. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). It works by blocking the effects of testosterone to slow the growth and spread of prostate cancer.22
EPCORITAMAB3
EPHEDRA DISTACHYA FLOWERING TWIG16
EPHEDRINEA phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.2
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.7
EPHEDRINE SULFATEA phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.41
EPICOCCUM NIGRUM18
EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM8
EPIFAGUS VIRGINIANA2
EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATYL GLUCOSIDE1
EPIMEDIUM BREVICORNU WHOLE1
EPIMEDIUM GRANDIFLORUM TOP4
EPINASTINE1
EPINASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE3
EPINEPHRINEThe active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.This medication is used in emergencies to treat very serious allergic reactions to insect stings/bites, foods, drugs, or other substances. Epinephrine acts quickly to improve breathing, stimulate the heart, raise a dropping blood pressure, reverse hives, and reduce swelling of the face, lips, and throat.241
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATEThe active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.95
EPINEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.19
EPIRUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDEAn anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.7
EPITALON3
EPLERENONEA spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.This medication is used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat high blood pressure. It works by blocking a chemical (aldosterone) in your body which in turn lowers the amount of sodium and water the body retains. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. It is also used to treat congestive heart failure following a heart attack.34
EPLONTERSEN1
EPOETIN27
EPOPROSTENOLA prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).3
EPOPROSTENOL SODIUMA prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).This medication is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). It helps to increase your ability to exercise and improve symptoms such as shortness of breath and tiredness. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs and other parts of the body so that blood can flow more easily. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as vasodilators.11
EPRINOMECTIN1
EPROSARTAN MESYLATEEprosartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily. Eprosartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).5
EPSIPRANTEL1
EPTIFIBATIDECyclic peptide that acts as a platelet glycoprotein IIB-IIIA antagonist, reversibly inhibiting the binding of FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; and other adhesive molecules to the GPIIB-IIIA RECEPTORS of platelets. It is used in the management of UNSTABLE ANGINA and in patients undergoing coronary ANGIOPLASTY and stenting procedures.31
EPTINEZUMAB1
EQUILINAn estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.1
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN A IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN B IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN C IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN D IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN E IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN F IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN G IMMUNE FAB21
EQUINE THYMOCYTE IMMUNE GLOBULIN4
EQUISETUM ARVENSE BRANCH8
EQUISETUM ARVENSE TOP100
EQUISETUM HYEMALE71
EQUISETUM HYEMALE WHOLE22
EQUOLA non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.3
EQUOL, (-)-1
EQUOL, (+/-)-7
EQUUS CABALLUS DANDER6
EQUUS CABALLUS HAIR4
EQUUS CABALLUS SKIN16
EQUUS CABALLUS WHOLE2
ERAVACYCLINE1
ERAVACYCLINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE4
ERBIUMErbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.28
ERBIUM SULFATE OCTAHYDRATE9
ERDAFITINIBThis medication is used to treat bladder cancer. Erdafitinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells that have a certain type of abnormal gene ("FGFR").5
ERECHTITES HIERACIIFOLIUS WHOLE2
ERENUMAB4
ERGOCALCIFEROLDerivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.Vitamin D (ergocalciferol-D2, cholecalciferol-D3, alfacalcidol) is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and phosphorus. Having the right amount of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus is important for building and keeping strong bones. Vitamin D is used to treat and prevent bone disorders (such as rickets, osteomalacia). Vitamin D is made by the body when skin is exposed to sunlight. Sunscreen, protective clothing, limited exposure to sunlight, dark skin, and age may prevent getting enough vitamin D from the sun. Vitamin D with calcium is used to treat or prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). Vitamin D is also used with other medications to treat low levels of calcium or phosphate caused by certain disorders (such as hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, familial hypophosphatemia). It may be used in kidney disease to keep calcium levels normal and allow normal bone growth. Vitamin D drops (or other supplements) are given to breast-fed infants because breast milk usually has low levels of vitamin D.53
ERGOLOID MESYLATESA mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly.This medication is used to treat mild problems with mood, memory, concentration, or behavior in the elderly. It is believed to increase blood flow to the brain. It is a combination of 3 ergot alkaloids.4
ERGONOVINE MALEATE1
ERGOTAMINEA vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.1
ERGOTAMINE TARTRATEThis medication is used to treat or prevent a certain type of headache (vascular headaches such as migraine headaches and cluster headaches). Ergotamine helps narrow widened blood vessels in the head, which reduces the throbbing effects of vascular headaches.8
ERIBULIN1
ERIBULIN MESYLATEEribulin is used to treat certain types of cancer (breast, liposarcoma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.11
ERICAMERIA NAUSEOSA WHOLE2
ERIGERON CANADENSIS10
ERIGERON CANADENSIS WHOLE4
ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA WHOLE2
ERIODICTYON CALIFORNICUM FLOWERING TOP8
ERIODICTYON CALIFORNICUM LEAF11
ERLOTINIBA quinazoline derivative and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR for EGFR associated tyrosine kinase. It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.3
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDEA quinazoline derivative and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR for EGFR associated tyrosine kinase. It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.51
ERODIUM CICUTARIUM2
ERSOFERMIN1
ERTAPENEM SODIUMA carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.Ertapenem is used to prevent and treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a carbapenem-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.18
ERTUGLIFLOZIN4
ERTUGLIFLOZIN L-PYROGLUTAMIC ACID1
ERTUGLIFLOZIN PIDOLATEErtugliflozin is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Ertugliflozin works by increasing the removal of sugar by your kidneys.20
ERYNGIUM YUCCIFOLIUM ROOT1
ERYSIMUM CHEIRI1
ERYTHRANTHE CARDINALIS WHOLE1
ERYTHROMYCINA bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.This medication is used to treat certain eye infections (such as conjunctivitis). It is also used to prevent certain eye infections in newborns. It belongs to a class of drugs known as macrolide antibiotics. Erythromycin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.107
ERYTHROMYCIN DIHYDRATE1
ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATEA macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.1
ERYTHROMYCIN ETHYLSUCCINATEA macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.Erythromycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections. Erythromycin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats or prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.29
ERYTHROMYCIN LACTOBIONATEThis medication is an antibiotic given by vein (IV) to treat certain bacterial infections when medications cannot be taken by mouth. This medication is known as a macrolide (erythromycin-type) antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.6
ERYTHROMYCIN OXIME1
ERYTHROMYCIN PHOSPHATEA bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.1
ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATEErythromycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections. Erythromycin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats or prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.4
ERYTHROMYCIN THIOCYANATE1
ERYTHROPOIETINGlycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.14
ESCARGOT SHELL, COOKED2
ESCHERICHIA COLIA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.69
ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICAA plant genus of the family PAPAVERACEAE that contains benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids.8
ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA FLOWER1
ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA FLOWERING TOP1
ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA WHOLE3
ESCITALOPRAM OXALATES-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.Escitalopram is used to treat depression and anxiety. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Escitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). It may improve your energy level and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.195
ESFLURBIPROFEN1
ESKETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE8
ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATEEslicarbazepine is used alone or with other medications to treat a certain type of seizure disorder (focal seizures). It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants. Eslicarbazepine may reduce the number of seizures you have.24
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE35
ESOMEPRAZOLEThe S-isomer of omeprazole.34
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUMThe S-isomer of omeprazole.Esomeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Esomeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter esomeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.189
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM DIHYDRATE58
ESOMEPRAZOLE POTASSIUMThe S-isomer of omeprazole.1
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUMThe S-isomer of omeprazole.13
ESOMEPRAZOLE STRONTIUMThe S-isomer of omeprazole.Esomeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Esomeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter esomeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.3
ESREBOXETINE SUCCINATE1
ESTAZOLAMA benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.This medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). It may help you fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and lessen how often you wake up during the night, so you can get a better night's rest. Estazolam belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. Use of this medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less. If your insomnia continues for a longer time, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment.13
ESTETROLA metabolite of ESTRIOL with a 15-alpha-hydroxyl group. Estetrol can be converted from estriol sulfate or DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE by the fetal-placental unit.1
ESTRADIOLThe 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.This medication is a female hormone (estrogen). It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected. This medication may also be used by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure). Certain estrogen products may also be used by women after menopause to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). However, there are other medications (such as raloxifene, bisphosphonates including alendronate) that are also effective in preventing bone loss and may be safer. These medications should be considered for use before estrogen treatment.298
ESTRADIOL ACETATEThis medication is a female hormone (estrogen). It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, other products applied directly inside the vagina (such as cream, vaginal tablet) should be considered before this product.3
ESTRADIOL BENZOATE5
ESTRADIOL CYPIONATEThis medication is a female hormone (estrogen). It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected. This medication may also be used by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure).8
ESTRADIOL HEMIHYDRATEThe 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.20
ESTRADIOL VALERATEThe 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.This medication is a female hormone (estrogen). It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected. This medication may also be used by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure) and by men to treat prostate cancer.22
ESTRAMUSTINE PHOSPHATE SODIUMA nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.This medication is used to treat some types of prostate cancer. In the body, estramustine breaks down into estrogens (estrone, estradiol) and a type of cancer drug (estromustine). This medication is thought to work by increasing estrogens, which interfere with prostate cancer, and by slowing/stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
ESTRIOLA hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.17
ESTROGENS, CONJUGATEDA pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.This medication is a female hormone. It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected. Certain estrogen products may also be used by women after menopause to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). However, there are other medications (such as raloxifene, bisphosphonates including alendronate) that are also effective in preventing bone loss and may be safer. These medications should be considered for use before estrogen treatment. Certain estrogen products may also be used by men and women to treat cancers (certain types of prostate cancer, breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body) and by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure).31
ESTROGENS, ESTERIFIED18
ESTRONEAn aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.78
ESTROPIPATEThis medication is a female hormone. It is used by women to help reduce symptoms of menopause (such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness). These symptoms are caused by the body making less estrogen. If you are using this medication to treat symptoms only in and around the vagina, products applied directly inside the vagina should be considered before medications that are taken by mouth, absorbed through the skin, or injected. Certain estrogen products may also be used by women after menopause to prevent bone loss (osteoporosis). However, there are other medications (such as raloxifene, bisphosphonates including alendronate) that are also effective in preventing bone loss and may be safer. These medications should be considered for use before estrogen treatment. Certain estrogen products may also be used by men and women to treat cancers (certain types of prostate cancer, breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body) and by women who are not able to produce enough estrogen (for example, due to hypogonadism, primary ovarian failure).2
ESZOPICLONEA pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.This medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). It may help you fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and lessen how often you wake up during the night, so you can get a better night's rest. Eszopiclone belongs to a class of drugs called sedative-hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. Use of this medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less. If your insomnia continues for a longer time, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment.114
ETANERCEPTA recombinant version of soluble human TNF receptor fused to an IgG FC fragment that binds specifically to TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR and inhibits its binding with endogenous TNF receptors. It prevents the inflammatory effect of TNF and is used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.This medication is used alone or in combination with an immunosuppressant (such as methotrexate) to treat certain types of arthritis (such as rheumatoid, psoriatic, juvenile idiopathic, and ankylosing spondylitis). Some brands of this medication are also used to treat a skin condition called psoriasis. These conditions are caused by an overactive immune system (autoimmune disease). The immune system attacks the body's own healthy cells, causing inflammation in the joints and skin. Etanercept controls your body's defensive response by blocking the action of a certain natural substance (TNF) that is used by the immune system. Treatment decreases redness, itching and scaly patches in psoriasis as well as the pain, swelling and stiffness of joints in arthritis. This medication can stop the progression of disease and joint damage, resulting in improved daily functioning and quality of life. This medication treats but does not cure autoimmune diseases. Symptoms usually return within 1 month of stopping the medication.10
ETELCALCETIDE1
ETELCALCETIDE HYDROCHLORIDEThis medication is used to treat increased amounts of a certain hormone (parathyroid) in people with long-term kidney disease who are on dialysis. Dialysis treatment usually causes higher than normal amounts of certain substances (such as parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus) in your body. This medication works by decreasing how much parathyroid hormone your body makes. This effect helps lower calcium and phosphorus levels in your blood. Having the right amounts of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in your body can help prevent bone problems.11
ETEPLIRSENEteplirsen is used to treat a certain inherited muscle disorder (Duchenne muscular dystrophy-DMD). This disorder is caused by a lack of a certain muscle protein (dystrophin). This medication can increase the amount of dystrophin in your body.8
ETESEVIMAB5
ETHACRIDINE LACTATEA topically applied anti-infective agent.1
ETHACRYNATE SODIUMA compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.12
ETHACRYNIC ACIDA compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.Ethacrynic acid is a "water pill" (diuretic) that works in your kidneys to increase the amount of urine you make. This helps your body get rid of extra water. This medication is used to decrease swelling (edema) caused by conditions such as cancer, congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This effect can help your kidneys work better and lessen symptoms such as trouble breathing and swelling in your ankles, feet, hands, or belly. This medication should not be used for infants.19
ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDEAn antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)16
ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE1
ETHERA mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.10
ETHINYL ESTRADIOLA semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.65
ETHINYLESTRIOL1
ETHIODIZED OILEthyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)4
ETHIONAMIDEA second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.Ethionamide is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB). Ethionamide is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.2
ETHISTERONE17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.1
ETHOSUXIMIDEAn anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.This medication is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control a certain type of seizure (absence or petit mal seizure). It works by controlling the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that occurs during a seizure.16
ETHOTOINEthotoin is used to prevent and control seizures. It is known as an anticonvulsant/antiepileptic drug. It works by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that causes seizures. It belongs to a class of drugs known as hydantoins.1
ETHYL ACETATE2
ETHYL IODOSTEARATE1
ETHYL NITRITE8
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDEAn effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.2
ETHYLHEXYL TRIAZONE3
ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN6
ETHYLPARABEN2
ETHYNODIOL DIACETATEA synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).2
ETIFOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ETODOLACA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).Etodolac is used to relieve pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.104
ETOMIDATEImidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.32
ETONOGESTRELThis product is a small, thin plastic rod that is inserted under the skin to prevent pregnancy. The rod slowly releases etonogestrel into the body over a 3-year period. Etonogestrel is similar to a natural hormone made in your body. It works mainly by preventing the release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle. It also makes vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. This product does not contain any estrogen. This medication may not work as well in women who are very overweight or those taking certain drugs. (See also Drug Interactions section.) Discuss your birth control options with your doctor. Using this medication does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia).20
ETOPOSIDEA semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.Etoposide is used to treat testicular cancer and certain forms of lung cancer (such as small cell lung cancer). Etoposide works by slowing the growth of cancer cells.12
ETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATEEtoposide is used to treat testicular cancer and certain forms of lung cancer (such as small cell lung cancer). Etoposide works by slowing the growth of cancer cells.1
ETORICOXIBA sulfone and pyridine derivative that acts as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. It is used as a NSAID for the treatment of pain associated with RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS. It is also used for the short-term treatment of moderate postoperative dental pain.2
ETRASIMOD1
ETRASIMOD ARGININE3
ETRAVIRINEEtravirine is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. This medication is usually prescribed to people who have taken other HIV medications (e.g., efavirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine) that did not work well enough to control their HIV. Etravirine is known as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It blocks the virus from growing and infecting more cells. Etravirine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.21
EUCALYPTOLA monoterpene and cyclohexanol derivative that is the major component of EUCALYPTUS OIL. It is used in mouthwash, insect repellent, and as a cough suppressant, and also is widely used as a flavoring agent and solvent. It has antimicrobial properties.185
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS LEAF76
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS POLLEN17
EUCALYPTUS GUM12
EUCALYPTUS OILAn oily liquid that is extracted from the leaves of EUCALYPTUS trees.120
EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES BARK1
EUCOMMIA ULMOIDES WHOLE1
EUGENOLA cinnamate derivative of the shikimate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.25
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS BRANCH BARK/ROOT BARK3
EUONYMUS EUROPAEUS SEED1
EUPATORIUM CANNABINUM FLOWERING TOP3
EUPATORIUM CANNABINUM WHOLE1
EUPATORIUM CAPILLIFOLIUM POLLEN12
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM FLOWERING TOP153
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM WHOLE2
EUPHORBIA COROLLATA ROOT3
EUPHORBIA HIRTA FLOWERING TOP2
EUPHORBIA RESINIFERA RESIN56
EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS LEAF1
EUPHRASIA STRICTA185
EUROPEAN ELDERBERRY3
EUROPIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.28
EUROTIUM AMSTELODAMI9
EUROTIUM HERBARIORUM1
EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA WHOLE1
EUTROCHIUM PURPUREUM ROOT9
EVERLASTING EXTRACT1
EVERNIA PRUNASTRI1
EVEROLIMUSA derivative of sirolimus and an inhibitor of TOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. It is used to prevent GRAFT REJECTION in heart and kidney transplant patients by blocking cell proliferation signals. It is also an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT.Everolimus is used to treat various types of cancer (such as kidney, breast, pancreas, lung, stomach/intestinal cancers). Everolimus is also used in people with a certain genetic disorder (tuberous sclerosis complex) to treat certain types of benign tumors in the brain or kidney. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer or tumor cells.77
EVINACUMAB2
EVOLOCUMABEvolocumab is used to help lower "bad" cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. For people who have high levels of LDL, it is used along with a proper diet, alone or other LDL-lowering treatments (such as "statin" drugs, ezetimibe, LDL apheresis). Evolocumab is also used by people who have heart disease to help prevent heart attacks and strokes. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by improving how well your body gets rid of LDL cholesterol. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.5
EXAGAMGLOGENE AUTOTEMCEL1
EXAMORELIN1
EXEMESTANEThis medication is used to treat certain types of breast cancer (such as hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer) in women after menopause. Exemestane is also used to help prevent the cancer from returning. Some breast cancers are made to grow faster by a natural hormone called estrogen. Exemestane decreases the amount of estrogen the body makes and helps to slow or reverse the growth of these breast cancers. Exemestane is usually not used in women of childbearing age.30
EXENATIDEA synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the GILA MONSTER lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used as an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.Exenatide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar. It is used by people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Exenatide is a diabetes drug that is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by increasing insulin release (especially after a meal) and decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes. It also slows down food digestion in your stomach, decreases the amount of sugar absorbed from food, and may help decrease your appetite.11
EZETIMIBEAn azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.Ezetimibe is used along with a low cholesterol/low fat diet and exercise to help lower cholesterol in the blood. Ezetimibe may be used alone or with other drugs (such as "statins" or fibrates). Ezetimibe works by reducing the amount of cholesterol your body absorbs from your diet. Reducing cholesterol may help prevent strokes and heart attacks.127
FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM14
FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM WHOLE6
FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA POLLEN59
FAGUS SYLVATICA FLOWER BUD3
FAGUS SYLVATICA FLOWERING TOP16
FAGUS SYLVATICA NUT18
FAGUS SYLVATICA POLLEN2
FAGUS SYLVATICA WHOLE2
FALLOPIA MULTIFLORA ROOT3
FAMCICLOVIRAn aminopurine derivative and prodrug of penciclovir which is a competitive inhibitor of herpes simplex 2 DNA polymerase. It is used to treat HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION.Famciclovir is used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses. It treats shingles caused by herpes zoster. It also treats outbreaks of herpes simplex that cause cold sores around the mouth, sores around the anus, and genital herpes. In people with frequent outbreaks of genital herpes, famciclovir is used to help reduce the number of future episodes. Famciclovir is an antiviral drug. However, it is not a cure for these infections. The viruses that cause these infections continue to live in the body even between outbreaks. Famciclovir decreases the severity and length of these outbreaks. It helps the sores heal faster, keeps new sores from forming, and decreases pain/itching. This medication may also help reduce how long pain remains after the sores heal. In addition, in people with a weakened immune system, famciclovir can decrease the risk of the virus spreading to other parts of the body and causing serious infections.40
FAMOTIDINEA competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.Famotidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and to prevent intestinal ulcers from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Famotidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers. This medication is also available without a prescription. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion). If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist.419
FARICIMAB1
FARNESOLA colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)4
FASORACETAM1
FASUDIL HYDROCHLORIDE HEMIHYDRATE1
FAVIPIRAVIR5
FD&C BLUE NO. 13
FD&C YELLOW NO. 55
FEBANTEL4
FEBUXOSTATA thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.Febuxostat is used to lower uric acid levels in people with gout. Febuxostat works by reducing the amount of uric acid made by the body. An increased uric acid level can cause gout. Because of the risk of very serious heart-related problems and stroke with febuxostat (see also Warning section), febuxostat should be used only after treatment with a medication called allopurinol did not work to lower your uric acid level, caused serious side effects, or is not recommended by your doctor. Febuxostat should be used only if you have symptoms caused by a high blood uric acid level.65
FEDRATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE1
FELBAMATEA PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.Felbamate is used to treat severe seizures. This medication should be used only when you cannot take other medications or when other medications have not been able to control your seizures. Felbamate is known as an anticonvulsant or anti-epileptic drug.37
FELIS CATUS DANDER3
FELIS CATUS HAIR20
FELIS CATUS MILK8
FELIS CATUS SKIN3
FELODIPINEA dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.Felodipine is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Felodipine is known as a calcium channel blocker. By blocking calcium, this medication relaxes and widens blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.70
FELYPRESSINA synthetic analog of LYPRESSIN with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.1
FENBENDAZOLEAntinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.4
FENFLURAMINEA centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.1
FENFLURAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.3
FENNEL SEED14
FENOFIBRATEAn antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.Fenofibrate is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It works by increasing the natural substance (enzyme) that breaks down fats in the blood. Fenofibrate belongs to a group of drugs known as "fibrates." Lowering triglycerides in people with very high triglyceride blood levels may decrease the risk of pancreas disease (pancreatitis). However, fenofibrate might not lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of fenofibrate. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.232
FENOFIBRIC ACIDFenofibric acid is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It works by increasing the natural substance (enzyme) that breaks down fats in the blood. Fenofibric acid belongs to a group of drugs known as "fibrates." Lowering triglycerides in people with very high triglyceride blood levels may decrease the risk of pancreas disease (pancreatitis). However, fenofibric acid might not lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of fenofibric acid. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.24
FENOLDOPAM MESYLATEA dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.2
FENOPROFEN CALCIUMA propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.Fenoprofen is used to relieve mild to moderate pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.13
FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDEA synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.1
FENRETINIDEA synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.2
FENTANYLA potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)This medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to cancer). Fentanyl belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Do not use the patch form of fentanyl to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional ("as needed") use.62
FENTANYL CITRATEA potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)This medication is used to help relieve sudden (breakthrough) pain in people who are already taking opioid medication around-the-clock for cancer pain. Fentanyl belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. This medication should not be used to relieve mild or short-term pain (such as due to headache/migraine, dental procedures, surgery).67
FENTANYL HYDROCHLORIDE2
FENUGREEK LEAF27
FENUGREEK SEED14
FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE1
FERRIC BROMIDE15
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSEThis medication is used to treat "iron-poor" blood (iron deficiency anemia). Low iron levels can occur due to many conditions, including when your body cannot get enough iron from food (because of poor nutrition or poor absorption) or when there is long-term blood loss. Ferric carboxymaltose is a form of injectable iron that is used if you cannot take iron by mouth because of side effects or an unsuccessful response to treatment. It is also used by people who have anemia due to long-term kidney disease. Iron is an important mineral that your body needs to make enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.10
FERRIC CHLORIDE7
FERRIC CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE12
FERRIC CITRATE ANHYDROUS3
FERRIC DERISOMALTOSE4
FERRIC FERROCYANIDE2
FERRIC FLUORIDE8
FERRIC MALTOL3
FERRIC OXIDE RED81
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE6
FERRIC PHOSPHATE2
FERRIC PICRATE8
FERRIC PYROPHOSPHATE CITRATE2
FERRIC SUBSULFATE1
FERRIC SULFATE1
FERROSOFERRIC PHOSPHATE181
FERROUS ARSENATE25
FERROUS ASPARTO GLYCINATE9
FERROUS BISGLYCINATE1
FERROUS CARBONATE1
FERROUS CATION1
FERROUS CYSTEINE GLYCINATE1
FERROUS DISULFIDE8
FERROUS FUMARATEThis medication is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.50
FERROUS GLUCONATEThis medication is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.8
FERROUS IODIDE49
FERROUS PICRATE1
FERROUS SULFATEThis medication is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.17
FERROUS SULFATE, DRIEDThis medication is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.1
FERRUM PHOSPHORICUM25
FERULA AMMONIACUM RESIN1
FERULA ASSA-FOETIDA RESIN26
FERULA SUMBUL ROOT9
FERULIC ACID1
FERUMOXYTOL NON-STOICHIOMETRIC MAGNETITE6
FESOTERODINE1
FESOTERODINE FUMARATEThis medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, fesoterodine improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics.33
FESTUCA PRATENSIS POLLEN40
FESTUCA PRATENSIS TOP2
FEVERFEW1
FEXINIDAZOLE2
FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE286
FEZOLINETANT5
FIBRINOGEN HUMAN16
FICUS CARICA FLOWER BUD4
FIDAXOMICINA narrow-spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of diarrhea associated with CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION.This medication is used to treat a severe intestinal condition (C. difficile-associated diarrhea) due to a certain type of bacteria. This condition may rarely occur after taking antibiotics. Symptoms include diarrhea that doesn't stop, stomach/abdominal pain or cramping, and blood/mucus in your stool. Fidaxomicin is known as a macrolide antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of this bacteria. This antibiotic works in the intestines and is not absorbed by your body. It should only be used to treat this type of intestinal bacterial infection. It will not work for other types of infections, including viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.6
FIELD MUSHROOM1
FILGOTINIB MALEATE2
FILGRASTIMA recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that is used in the treatment and prevention of NEUTROPENIA, preparation and collection of blood progenitor cells, and for use in PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.Filgrastim is a man-made version of a certain natural substance made in your body. It is used to help your body make more white blood cells. White blood cells are important to help you fight off infections. Filgrastim is given to people whose ability to make white blood cells is reduced (for instance, due to chemotherapy, chronic neutropenia, or exposure to large amounts of radiation). It is also used in certain treatment procedures (such as bone marrow/stem cell transplant). This monograph is about the following filgrastim products: filgrastim, tbo-filgrastim, filgrastim-sndz, and filgrastim-aafi.19
FILIPENDULA ULMARIA ROOT12
FINAFLOXACIN1
FINASTERIDEAn orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.Finasteride is used to shrink an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH) in adult men. It may be used alone or taken in combination with other medications to reduce symptoms of BPH and may also reduce the need for surgery. Finasteride may improve symptoms of BPH and provide benefits such as decreased urge to urinate, better urine flow with less straining, less of a feeling that the bladder is not completely emptied, and decreased nighttime urination. This medication works by decreasing the amount of a natural body hormone (DHT) that causes growth of the prostate. Finasteride is not approved for prevention of prostate cancer. It may slightly increase the risk of developing a very serious form of prostate cancer. Talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks. Women and children should not use this medication.92
FINERENONE5
FINGOLIMODA sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.3
FINGOLIMOD HYDROCHLORIDEA sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.29
FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE4
FIROCOXIB6
FISH OILOils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the LIVER. Those from the liver are usually high in VITAMIN A. The oils are used as DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings.Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to help reduce the risk of heart disease and also to promote healthy skin. They have been used along with diet and exercise to help lower levels of a certain blood fat (triglyceride) and to raise levels of "good" cholesterol (HDL). This product has also been used for high blood pressure or rheumatoid arthritis. Some supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use. The US Food and Drug Administration has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.2
FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDEA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)1
FLAVOXATE HYDROCHLORIDEA drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.5
FLAX SEED25
FLECAINIDE ACETATEThis medication is used to treat certain types of serious (possibly fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as persistent ventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia). It is used to restore normal heart rhythm and maintain a regular, steady heartbeat. It is also used to prevent certain types of irregular heartbeat from returning (such as atrial fibrillation). Flecainide is known as an anti-arrhythmic drug. It works by blocking certain electrical signals in the heart that can cause an irregular heartbeat. Treating an irregular heartbeat can decrease the risk for blood clots, and this effect can reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke. Older adults should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor or pharmacist, as well as other effective and possibly safer treatments.60
FLIBANSERIN2
FLORBETABEN F-181
FLORBETAPIR F-181
FLORFENICOL2
FLORTAUCIPIR F-181
FLOTUFOLASTAT F-181
FLOUNDER, UNSPECIFIED1
FLOXURIDINEAn antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.Floxuridine is used to treat certain types of stomach/intestinal cancer that have spread to the liver. It is a chemotherapy drug that is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth.3
FLUBENDAZOLE1
FLUCICLOVINE F-181
FLUCONAZOLETriazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.Fluconazole is used to prevent and treat a variety of fungal and yeast infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of certain types of fungus.202
FLUCYTOSINEA fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.Flucytosine is used to treat serious fungal infections in the body. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antifungal drugs. It is often used with other medications. It works by slowing the growth of certain types of fungus.37
FLUDARABINE1
FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATEThis medication is used to treat leukemia and other cancers. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.10
FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE F-1828
FLUDROCORTISONE ACETATEFludrocortisone is a man-made form of a natural substance (glucocorticoid) made by the body. It is used along with other medications (e.g., hydrocortisone) to treat low glucocorticoid levels caused by disease of the adrenal gland (e.g., Addison's disease, adrenocortical insufficiency, salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome). Glucocorticoids are needed in many ways for the body to function well. They are important for salt and water balance and keeping blood pressure normal. They are also needed to break down carbohydrates in your diet.19
FLUMAZENILA potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.20
FLUMETHASONEAn anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.4
FLUNARIZINE HYDROCHLORIDEFlunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.1
FLUNISOLIDEFlunisolide is used to prevent and control symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works directly in the lungs to make breathing easier by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. This medication must be used regularly to prevent breathing problems (attacks of wheezing/shortness of breath). It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve an asthma attack. If an attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.4
FLUNISOLIDE ANHYDROUS3
FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE7
FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDEA glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)This shampoo is used to treat severe dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis). Fluocinolone reduces the swelling, itching, flaking, and redness that can occur with dandruff. This medication is a low- to medium-strength corticosteroid.61
FLUOCINONIDEA topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Fluocinonide reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong corticosteroid.74
FLUORAPATITE6
FLUORESCEINA phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.4
FLUORESCEIN SODIUM13
FLUORIDE ION3
FLUORODOPA F-182
FLUOROESTRADIOL F-181
FLUOROMETHOLONEA glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)This medication is used to treat certain eye conditions due to inflammation or injury. Fluorometholone works by relieving symptoms such as swelling, redness, and itching. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids.11
FLUOROMETHOLONE ACETATEThis medication is used to treat certain eye conditions due to inflammation or injury. Fluorometholone works by relieving symptoms such as swelling, redness, and itching. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids.2
FLUOROURACILA pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Fluorouracil is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth. You should be tested for a DPD enzyme deficiency before you start treatment with fluorouracil. Ask your doctor for more details.52
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.259
FLUOXYMESTERONEAn anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.2
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATEThis medication is a long-acting form of fluphenazine that is used to treat certain mental/mood problems (chronic schizophrenia). Fluphenazine decanoate is usually used in patients who have benefited from regular doses of short-acting forms of fluphenazine and who may benefit from long-term (maintenance) treatment with less frequent dosing. Fluphenazine belongs to a class of medications called phenothiazines and is also referred to as a neuroleptic. It works by affecting the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Some of the benefits of continued use of this medication include reduced episodes of hallucinations, delusions, or bizarre behaviors that occur in patients with schizophrenia. This product does not work right away. It may take 1-3 days to notice an effect from this drug, and up to 4 days to experience the full effect. For severe agitation or other symptoms, use a short-acting medication as directed by your doctor. This medication is not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age. Also, it should not be used to manage behavioral problems in patients with mental retardation.15
FLUPHENAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.114
FLURALANER3
FLURANDRENOLIDEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Flurandrenolide reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid. The tape acts to protect the treated skin and makes the medication more effective and longer-lasting.8
FLURAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDEA benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.4
FLURBIPROFENAn anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.Flurbiprofen is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.20
FLURBIPROFEN SODIUMAn anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.This medication is used before certain types of eye surgery (such as cataract removal). It prevents the pupil of the eye from narrowing. This effect makes it easier for the doctor to examine the inside of the eye, to remove the cataract, and to replace it with a new lens. Flurbiprofen belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).4
FLUTAMIDEAn antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.This medication is used to treat men with prostate cancer. Flutamide belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). Testosterone, a natural hormone, helps prostate cancer to grow and spread. Flutamide works by blocking the effects of testosterone, thereby slowing the growth and spread of prostate cancer.6
FLUTEMETAMOL F-181
FLUTICASONE FUROATEFluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.36
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATEA STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.Fluticasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Fluticasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.238
FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE-17.BETA.-CARBOXYLIC ACID1
FLUVASTATIN SODIUMAn indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.Fluvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.17
FLUVOXAMINE MALEATEA selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.Fluvoxamine is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It helps decrease persistent/unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to perform repeated tasks (compulsions such as hand-washing, counting, checking) that interfere with daily living. Fluvoxamine is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This medication works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain.30
FOENICULUM VULGARE FRUIT10
FOENICULUM VULGARE VAR. VULGARE WHOLE1
FOLIC ACIDA member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.Folic acid is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells. Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of folic acid either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.182
FOLLITROPINA major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.13
FOMEPIZOLEA pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.14
FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA FRUITING BODY3
FONDAPARINUX SODIUMSynthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.Fondaparinux is used to treat serious blood clots in the legs and/or lungs. It is usually used with another "blood thinner" medication (warfarin). If untreated, blood clots can travel to the lungs, heart, or brain, causing serious (possibly fatal) breathing problems, heart attack, or stroke. This drug may also be used to prevent blood clots after certain surgeries with an increased risk of blood clots (such as hip fracture, abdominal, knee/hip replacement). Fondaparinux is known as a "blood thinner" (anticoagulant). It is a drug similar to heparin that works by blocking certain natural substances in the blood that cause clotting.39
FORMALDEHYDEA highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)This medication is used as an antiperspirant to treat feet that sweat or smell excessively. It is also used as a drying agent during wart treatment.30
FORMALDEHYDE SOLUTION18
FORMIC ACID40
FORMICA RUFA102
FORMOTEROLAn ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.1
FORMOTEROL FUMARATEAn ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST with a prolonged duration of action. It is used to manage ASTHMA and in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.Formoterol is used as a long-term (maintenance) treatment to prevent or decrease breathing problems caused by ongoing lung diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema). Formoterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting inhaled beta-agonists (LABAs). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. This effect helps to reduce wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. This medication does not work right away and should not be used for sudden attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor must prescribe a quick-relief inhaler (e.g., albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) for sudden shortness of breath while you are using formoterol. You should always have a quick-relief inhaler with you. This form of formoterol is not approved to treat asthma. People with asthma using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as formoterol) without also using an inhaled corticosteroid may have an increased risk of serious (sometimes fatal) breathing problems.50
FORSYTHIA SUSPENSA FRUIT1
FORSYTHIA VIRIDISSIMA FRUIT1
FOSAMPRENAVIR CALCIUMThis drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Fosamprenavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It may be given with ritonavir, another protease inhibitor, to increase ("boost") the levels of fosamprenavir. This helps fosamprenavir work better. Fosamprenavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.7
FOSAPREPITANT1
FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINEFosaprepitant is used with other medications to help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy). Fosaprepitant works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (substance P/neurokinin 1) that causes vomiting. This medication will not treat nausea or vomiting that has already started. Ask your doctor what you should do if you already have nausea or vomiting.45
FOSCARBIDOPA1
FOSCARNET SODIUMAn antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.13
FOSDENOPTERIN HYDROBROMIDE1
FOSFOMYCIN (R)-1-PHENETHYLAMINE1
FOSFOMYCIN SODIUM1
FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINEAn antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.This medication is an antibiotic used to treat bladder infections (such as acute cystitis or lower urinary tract infections) in women. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Fosfomycin should not be used to treat infections outside the bladder (such as kidney infections).12
FOSINOPRIL SODIUMA phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.Fosinopril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure. Fosinopril is an ACE inhibitor and works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.34
FOSLEVODOPA1
FOSNETUPITANT4
FOSNETUPITANT CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE1
FOSPHENYTOIN SODIUM23
FOSRAVUCONAZOLE L-LYSINE ETHANOLATE1
FOSTAMATINIB2
FOSTAMATINIB DISODIUMThis medication is used to treat people with a certain blood disorder known as chronic immune thrombocytopenia-ITP. This is a condition where the amount of one type of cell in your blood (platelets) is lower than normal. ITP can lead to serious bleeding problems. Fostamatinib belongs to a class of drugs known as spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It works by increasing platelets in your blood.2
FOSTEMSAVIR TROMETHAMINE2
FR-1796421
FRAGARIA VESCA FRUIT10
FRAGARIA VESCA WHOLE7
FRAGRANCE 1357619
FRANCISELLA TULARENSISThe etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.1
FRANGULA ALNUS BARK19
FRANGULA CALIFORNICA BARK3
FRANGULA PURSHIANA BARK24
FRANKINCENSEResin exudate from certain trees of the genus BOSWELLIA in the BURSERACEAE family.15
FRASERA CAROLINIENSIS ROOT1
FRAXINUS AMERICANA BARK20
FRAXINUS AMERICANA POLLEN86
FRAXINUS AMERICANA WHOLE1
FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR LEAF3
FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR POLLEN2
FRAXINUS LATIFOLIA POLLEN4
FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA POLLEN32
FRAXINUS VELUTINA POLLEN34
FREMANEZUMAB3
FROVATRIPTAN SUCCINATEFrovatriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Frovatriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that causes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Frovatriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.10
FRUCTOSEA monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.28
FRUQUINTINIB2
FU LINGA genus of wood-decaying, edible fungi in the Polyporaceae family. Its type species is Wolfiporia extensa.2
FUCHSIA MAGELLANICA WHOLE4
FUCUS SERRATUS1
FUCUS VESICULOSUSA genus of BROWN ALGAE in the family Fucaceae. It is found in temperate, marine intertidal areas along rocky coasts and is a source of ALGINATES. Some species of Fucus are referred to as KELP.122
FULVESTRANTAn estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.Fulvestrant is used to treat certain types of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells need the hormone estrogen in order to grow. Fulvestrant works by blocking the effect of estrogen, slowing tumor cell growth.38
FUMARIA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP33
FUMARIA OFFICINALIS WHOLE1
FUMARIC ACID44
FURAZOLIDONEA nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514)1
FUROSEMIDEA benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.208
FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM5
FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM VASINFECTUM4
FUSIDATE SODIUMAn antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.2
FUSIDIC ACIDAn antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.1
FUTIBATINIB1
GABAPENTINA cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.Gabapentin is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection) in adults. Gabapentin is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug.551
GABAPENTIN ENACARBILThis medication is used to treat moderate to severe restless legs syndrome. It is also used to relieve nerve pain following shingles (a painful rash due to herpes zoster infection). This condition is called postherpetic neuralgia. Gabapentin enacarbil is changed by your body to gabapentin. Gabapentin belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-seizure or anticonvulsant drugs.6
GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE3
GADOBUTROL11
GADOBUTROL MONOHYDRATE2
GADODIAMIDE2
GADOLINIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.28
GADOPICLENOL13
GADOTERATE MEGLUMINE16
GADOTERIDOL5
GADOXETATE DISODIUM2
GALACTOSEAn aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.1
GALANTAMINEA benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.1
GALANTAMINE BENZOATE GLUCONATE1
GALANTAMINE HYDROBROMIDEGalantamine is used to treat mild to moderate confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.43
GALCANEZUMAB7
GALIUM APARINEA genus of herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the family RUBIACEAE.27
GALIUM APARINE WHOLE33
GALIUM ODORATUM4
GALLIC ACIDA colorless or slightly yellow crystalline compound obtained from nutgalls. It is used in photography, pharmaceuticals, and as an analytical reagent.7
GALLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE27
GALLIUMA rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.11
GALLIUM ARSENIDE8
GALLIUM CHLORIDE23
GALLIUM CHLORIDE GA-671
GALLIUM GA-681
GALLIUM GA-68 GOZETOTIDE2
GALLIUM NITRATE ANHYDROUS8
GALLIUM OXIDE8
GALLIUM PHOSPHIDE8
GALLIUM TRIFLUORIDE8
GALLUS GALLUS FEATHER27
GALPHIMIA GLAUCA FLOWERING TOP55
GALPHIMIA GLAUCA WHOLE3
GALSULFASEGalsulfase is used to treat a certain rare genetic problem (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome - MLS). Galsulfase replaces a certain natural substance that is missing in people with MLS. This medication improves how far you can walk and the number of stairs you can climb up. Galsulfase does not correct the genetic problem, and treatment must be continued for life.2
GAMBOGEA plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain XANTHONES.45
GANAXOLONE3
GANCICLOVIRAn ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.Ganciclovir is used to treat herpes infection of the eye. Although ganciclovir stops the growth of the virus, it is not a cure for the herpes infection. Herpes virus continues to live in the body even between outbreaks of infection. However, treating an outbreak may help the sores in the eye to heal faster and lower the risk of complications (such as decreased vision, blindness). Ganciclovir is an anti-viral drug. This medication treats only herpes eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections, such as those caused by bacteria. Unnecessary use or misuse of any anti-infective drug can lead to its decreased effectiveness.5
GANCICLOVIR SODIUMAn ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.Ganciclovir is an anti-viral drug. It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV) in people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants. CMV disease can lead to serious infections in the body, including an infection in the eye, called CMV retinitis, that can cause blindness. Ganciclovir is also used to treat people with weakened immune systems (including people with AIDS) who have CMV retinitis. Ganciclovir works by slowing the growth of the CMV virus. It helps control CMV retinitis and decrease the risk of blindness. It also helps prevent the spread of infection to other areas of the body. Ganciclovir is not a cure for CMV disease. Some people may have worsening CMV retinitis even with treatment. Therefore, it is important to have your eyes checked regularly by your doctor.9
GANIRELIX ACETATE14
GANTENERUMAB1
GARCINIA MANGOSTANA FRUIT RIND1
GARDENIA JASMINOIDES FLOWER1
GARLICA species of Allium used as a spice (SPICES) and traditional remedy. It contains alliin lyase and alliin, which is converted by alliin lyase to allicin, the pungent ingredient responsible for the aroma of fresh cut garlic.106
GARLIC OIL2
GATIFLOXACINA fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.This medication is a quinolone antibiotic used for eye infections (such as conjunctivitis). This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.6
GATIFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS1
GATIFLOXACIN HEMIHYDRATE1
GAULTHERIA PROCUMBENS TOP17
GEFAPIXANT CITRATE1
GEFITINIBA selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) that is used for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.Gefitinib is used to treat lung cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Gefitinib blocks a certain protein (an enzyme called tyrosine kinase).16
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS ROOT401
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS WHOLE9
GEMCITABINEA deoxycytidine antimetabolite used as an antineoplastic agent.4
GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE62
GEMFIBROZILA lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol.Gemfibrozil is used along with a proper diet to help lower fats (triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It may also help to lower "bad" cholesterol (LDL). Gemfibrozil belongs to a group of drugs known as "fibrates." It works by decreasing the amount of fat produced by the liver. Lowering triglycerides in people with very high triglyceride blood levels may decrease the risk of pancreas disease (pancreatitis). However, gemfibrozil might not lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Talk to your doctor about the risk and benefits of gemfibrozil. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, drinking less alcohol, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking.54
GEMIFLOXACIN MESYLATEA naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.3
GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICINThis medication is used to treat a certain type of leukemia (CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia-AML). This medication works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.2
GENISTA TINCTORIAA plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The common name of broom may be confused with Scotch Broom (CYTISUS) or Butcher's Broom (RUSCUS) or Desert Broom (BACCHARIS) or Spanish Broom (SPARTIUM) or Brome (BROMUS).1
GENTAMICINA complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.1
GENTAMICIN SULFATEA complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.This medication is used to treat bacterial infections (such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis) of the eye and the skin around the eyes (such as eyelids). It is also used to prevent infection after eye injury or surgery. It belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gentamicin works by killing the bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.62
GENTIAN VIOLETA dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.9
GENTIANA LUTEA ROOT54
GENTIANELLA AMARELLA FLOWER8
GENTIANELLA AMARELLA WHOLE2
GENTIANELLA QUINQUEFOLIA9
GEOTRICHUM CANDIDUM3
GEPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE5
GERANIOL7
GERANIUM MACULATUM ROOT9
GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM16
GERANIUM ROBERTIANUM WHOLE7
GERMANIUMA rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.15
GERMANIUM CATION (4+)1
GERMANIUM DIOXIDE8
GERMANIUM SESQUIOXIDE49
GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE8
GESTODENE1
GET-731
GEUM URBANUM ROOT4
GIANT PUFFBALL4
GIARDIA LAMBLIAA species of parasitic EUKARYOTES that attaches itself to the intestinal mucosa and feeds on mucous secretions. The organism is roughly pear-shaped and motility is somewhat erratic, with a slow oscillation about the long axis.39
GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI25
GIBBERELLA ZEAE6
GILTERITINIB FUMARATEGilteritinib is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
GINGER107
GINGER OIL1
GINKGO90
GINKGO BILOBA LEAF OIL1
GINKGO BILOBA WHOLE1
GINSENOSIDE RG31
GINSENOSIDESDammarane type triterpene saponins based mainly on the aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol.1
GIVOSIRAN1
GIVOSIRAN SODIUM1
GLASDEGIB2
GLATIRAMERA random polymer of L-ALANINE, L-GLUTAMIC ACID, L-LYSINE, and L-TYROSINE that structurally resembles MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN. It is used in the treatment of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.1
GLATIRAMER ACETATEA random polymer of L-ALANINE, L-GLUTAMIC ACID, L-LYSINE, and L-TYROSINE that structurally resembles MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN. It is used in the treatment of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.This medication is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a protein that is thought to work by preventing your immune system from attacking the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. This effect can decrease the number of periods of disease worsening (relapses) and prevent or delay disability. It is not a cure for MS.16
GLEBIONIS CORONARIA WHOLE1
GLECAPREVIR4
GLECHOMA HEDERACEA2
GLECHOMA HEDERACEA FLOWERING TOP6
GLICLAZIDEAn oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.1
GLIMEPIRIDEGlimepiride is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glimepiride belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.139
GLIOCLADIUM VIRIDE7
GLIPIZIDEAn oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.Glipizide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glipizide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.212
GLOFITAMAB2
GLUCAGONA 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)This medication is the same as your body's own glucagon, a natural substance that raises blood sugar by causing the body to release sugar stored in the liver. It is used to treat very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) that may cause you to need help from others. Make sure a family member or caregiver knows where you keep this medication and how to use it before you need their help.18
GLUCAGON HYDROCHLORIDE3
GLUCARPIDASE2
GLUCONOLACTONE2
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATEGlucosamine has been used for arthritis (osteoarthritis). Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use. The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.1
GLUTAMIC ACIDA non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.23
GLUTAMINEA non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.17
GLUTATHIONEA tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.20
GLYBURIDEAn antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamideGlyburide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Glyburide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It lowers blood sugar by causing the release of your body's natural insulin.97
GLYCERINThis product is used to relieve occasional constipation. Glycerin belongs to a class of drugs known as hyperosmotic laxatives. It works by drawing water into the intestines. This effect usually results in a bowel movement within 15 to 60 minutes. For adults, the normal frequency of bowel movements varies from once daily to 1 to 2 times weekly. For preschool-aged children, the normal frequency of bowel movements varies from once daily to once every other day. Constipation is best treated by drinking plenty of fluids, eating foods high in fiber, and exercising regularly.291
GLYCEROL PHENYLBUTYRATEThis medication is used along with diet changes for long-term treatment of a certain inherited disorder (urea cycle disorder). It helps remove a certain chemical (ammonia) from the body. Too much ammonia in the body can cause brain damage and sometimes death. This medication should not be used to treat sudden, severely high levels of ammonia in the body. Get medical help right away if you have sudden symptoms of too much ammonia, such as trouble thinking, vomiting, irritability, trouble speaking, trouble walking, fainting.8
GLYCERYL DISTEARATE1
GLYCERYL LAURATE1
GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE5
GLYCERYL STEARATE SE3
GLYCINEA non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.58
GLYCINE HYDROCHLORIDEA non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.1
GLYCOLIC ACID4
GLYCOPYRROLATEA muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.Glycopyrrolate solution is used to reduce excessive drooling caused by medical conditions (such as cerebral palsy). This medication works by decreasing the amount of saliva you make. Glycopyrrolate belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics.216
GLYCOPYRRONIUM2
GLYCOPYRRONIUM TOSYLATEThis form of glycopyrronium is used to treat excessive sweating from your underarms. The drug solution is on a pre-moistened cloth for application to the skin. It works on the sweat glands to reduce sweating. Glycopyrronium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics.1
GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRAA genus of leguminous herbs or shrubs whose roots yield GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID and its derivative, CARBENOXOLONE.108
GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA WHOLE1
GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSISA plant species of the family FABACEAE.1
GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS ROOT2
GLYCYRRHIZIN2
GLYCYRRHIZINATE DIPOTASSIUM2
GLYOXALA 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.1
GLYOXAL TRIMER DIHYDRATE7
GLYPHOSATEActive compound in herbicidal formulations that inhibits 3-PHOSPHOSHIKIMATE 1-CARBOXYVINYLTRANSFERASE.18
GOAT MILK4
GOLDA yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.271
GOLD MONOIODIDE2
GOLD MONOSULFIDE2
GOLD TRIBROMIDE7
GOLD TRICHLORIDE29
GOLDENSEAL412
GOLIMUMABThis medication is used to reduce pain and swelling due to certain types of arthritis (such as rheumatoid, psoriatic, and ankylosing spondylitis). It works by blocking a protein (tumor necrosis factor or TNF) found in the body's immune system that causes joint swelling and damage. By reducing joint swelling, the medication helps to reduce further joint damage and preserve joint function. Depending on the type of arthritis that is being treated, this drug may be used alone or in combination with another drug called methotrexate. This medication is also used to treat a certain bowel condition (ulcerative colitis). It is used to help lessen symptoms of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (such as abdominal pain/cramping, diarrhea, bloody stools).4
GOLODIRSEN2
GONADORELIN ACETATEA decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.3
GONADORELIN DIACETATE TETRAHYDRATE1
GONADORELIN HYDROCHLORIDEA decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.2
GONADOTROPHIN, CHORIONIC2
GONORRHEAL URETHRAL SECRETION HUMAN7
GOSERELIN ACETATEA synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.Goserelin is used in men to treat prostate cancer. It is used in women to treat certain breast cancers or a certain uterus disorder (endometriosis). It is also used in women to thin the lining of the uterus (endometrium) in preparation for a procedure to treat abnormal uterine bleeding. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment. Goserelin is similar to a natural hormone made by the body (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-LHRH). It works by decreasing testosterone hormones in men and estrogen hormones in women. This effect helps to slow or stop the growth of certain cancer cells and uterine tissue that need these hormones to grow and spread.5
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM FLOWER1
GOSSYPIUM HERBACEUM ROOT BARK5
GOZETOTIDE3
GRAMICIDINA group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.4
GRANISETRONA serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.This medication is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy). It works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (serotonin) that can cause vomiting.9
GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDEA serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.21
GRAPEA plant genus in the family Vitaceae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.2
GRAPE SEED OIL2
GRAPEFRUIT3
GRAPEFRUIT OIL1
GRAPHITEAn allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.248
GRAPIPRANT2
GRATIOLA OFFICINALIS9
GRATIOLA OFFICINALIS WHOLE2
GRAZOPREVIR2
GRAZOPREVIR ANHYDROUS1
GREEN BELL PEPPER4
GREEN OLIVE2
GREEN PEPPERCORN13
GREEN TEA LEAF17
GRINDELIA CILIATA POLLEN1
GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA FLOWERING TOP24
GRINDELIA HIRSUTULA WHOLE13
GRISEOFULVINAn antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.This medication is used to treat fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails that do not respond to creams/lotions. Clearing such infections will get rid of symptoms such as itching, red/peeling/scaly skin, and discolored nails. This medication works by stopping the growth of fungi. It does not treat infections due to bacteria or yeast.23
GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HEXAPEPTIDE1
GUAIACResin from wood of certain species of GUAIACUM. It is used as clinical reagent for occult blood.3
GUAIACOLAn agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)1
GUAIACUM OFFICINALE RESIN24
GUAIFENESINAn expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.This medication is used for the temporary relief of coughs caused by the common cold, bronchitis, and other breathing illnesses. This product is usually not used for ongoing cough from smoking or long-term breathing problems (such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema) unless directed by your doctor. Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It works by thinning and loosening mucus in the airways, clearing congestion, and making breathing easier. If you are self-treating with this medication, it is important to read the package instructions carefully before you start using this product to be sure it is right for you. (See also Precautions section.) Cough-and-cold products have not been shown to be safe or effective in children younger than 6 years. This product (sustained-release) is not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years unless specifically directed by the doctor. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details about using your product safely. These products do not cure or shorten the length of the common cold. To decrease the risk for side effects, carefully follow all dosage directions. Do not give other cough-and-cold medication that might contain the same or similar ingredients (see also Drug Interactions section). Ask the doctor or pharmacist about other ways to relieve cough and cold symptoms (such as drinking enough fluids, using a humidifier or saline nose drops/spray).1642
GUANABENZ ACETATEAn alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.2
GUANFACINEA centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.19
GUANFACINE HYDROCHLORIDEA centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.95
GUSELKUMABThis medication is used to treat plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Guselkumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking a certain natural substance in your body (interleukin-23) that may cause inflammation and swelling. Guselkumab can help lessen the red, scaly, itchy patches of skin caused by plaque psoriasis and lessen the pain and swelling in the joints caused by psoriatic arthritis.1
GUTIERREZIA SAROTHRAE WHOLE3
GW-5015161
GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE LEAF6
GYNOCHTHODES OFFICINALIS ROOT1
HAEMATONECTRIA HAEMATOCOCCA10
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE BA type of H. influenzae isolated most frequently from biotype I. Prior to vaccine availability, it was a leading cause of childhood meningitis.9
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE MENINGOCOCCAL OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN3
HAFNIUMA metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.10
HAGENIA ABYSSINICA FLOWER1
HAIR KERATIN AMINO ACIDS1
HALCINONIDEA glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Halcinonide reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a strong corticosteroid.8
HALIBUT, UNSPECIFIED1
HALOBETASOL PROPIONATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (such as eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, rash). Halobetasol reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a very strong (super-high potency) corticosteroid.27
HALOFANTRINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
HALOFUGINONE1
HALOPERIDOLA phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)Haloperidol is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can also help prevent suicide in people who are likely to harm themselves. It also reduces aggression and the desire to hurt others. It can decrease negative thoughts and hallucinations. Haloperidol can also be used to treat uncontrolled movements and outbursts of words/sounds related to Tourette's syndrome. Haloperidol is also used for severe behavior problems in hyperactive children when other treatments or medications have not worked. Haloperidol is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).123
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATEHaloperidol decanoate is used for long-term treatment of a certain mental/mood disorder (schizophrenia). It may be used in people who have trouble remembering to take medication every day. This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can also prevent suicide in people who are likely to harm themselves. It also reduces aggression and the desire to hurt others. It can decrease negative thoughts and hallucinations. Haloperidol decanoate is a long-acting form of psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.48
HALOPERIDOL LACTATEHaloperidol is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can also help prevent suicide in people who are likely to harm themselves. It also reduces aggression and the desire to hurt others. It can decrease negative thoughts and hallucinations. Haloperidol can also be used to treat uncontrolled movements and outbursts of words/sounds related to Tourette's syndrome. Haloperidol is also used for severe behavior problems in hyperactive children when other treatments or medications have not worked. Haloperidol is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain (neurotransmitters).17
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA BARK7
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA LEAF11
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA ROOT BARK/STEM BARK167
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA TOP4
HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA WHOLE4
HANDROANTHUS IMPETIGINOSUS BARK10
HARD FAT3
HARPAGOPHYTUM PROCUMBENS ROOT8
HARPAGOPHYTUM PROCUMBENS WHOLE2
HARPAGOPHYTUM ZEYHERI ROOT1
HAWTHORN LEAF WITH FLOWER43
HAZELNUT, UNSPECIFIED2
HEDERA HELIX FLOWERING TWIG19
HEDERA HELIX LEAF1
HEKLA LAVA24
HELIANTHEMUM CANADENSE31
HELIANTHEMUM NUMMULARIUM FLOWER47
HELIANTHEMUM NUMMULARIUM WHOLE7
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS FLOWERING TOP19
HELIANTHUS ANNUUS POLLEN5
HELICOBACTER PYLORIA spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).39
HELICOBACTER PYLORI DNA4
HELIUMA noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.25
HELLEBORUS FOETIDUS ROOT10
HELLEBORUS FOETIDUS WHOLE2
HELLEBORUS NIGER ROOT51
HELLEBORUS NIGER WHOLE4
HELMINTHOSPORIUM SOLANI8
HELODERMA HORRIDUM VENOM9
HEMINChloro(7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(4-)-N(21),N(22),N(23),N(24)) ferrate(2-) dihydrogen.This medication is used to treat the symptoms that occur with certain blood disorders (porphyrias). Other treatments are recommended for trial before using hemin, also called hematin. Hemin is not a cure for porphyria. In some cases, this medication may relieve symptoms such as pain, high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, or mental changes that may occur during an acute attack of porphyria. If you have any questions about the use of this medication, consult your doctor.2
HEPARINA highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.5
HEPARIN SODIUMA highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.This medication is used to prevent and treat blood clots. It may be used to prevent and treat blood clots in the lungs/legs (including in patients with atrial fibrillation). It may be used to treat certain blood clotting disorders. It may also be used to prevent blood clots after surgery, during dialysis, during blood transfusions, when collecting blood samples, or when a person is unable to move for a long time. Heparin helps to keep blood flowing smoothly by making a certain natural substance in your body (anti-clotting protein) work better. It is known as an anticoagulant.160
HEPARIN, BOVINE4
HEPATITIS A VIRUSA species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.15
HEPATITIS A VIRUS STRAIN CR 326F ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)4
HEPATITIS A VIRUS STRAIN HM175 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)5
HEPATITIS B VIRUSThe type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.37
HEPATITIS B VIRUS SUBTYPE ADW HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN8
HEPATITIS B VIRUS SUBTYPE ADW2 HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN6
HEPATITIS C VIRUS15
HERRING SPERM DNA156
HESPEROCYPARIS ARIZONICA POLLEN3
HETACILLIN POTASSIUM1
HETASTARCH5
HETEROTHECA INULOIDES FLOWER1
HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE/TRIMETHYLOL HEXYLLACTONE CROSSPOLYMER1
HEXAMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE2
HEXAPLEX TRUNCULUS HYPOBRANCHIAL GLAND JUICE12
HEXYL LAURATE1
HEXYLRESORCINOLA substituted dihydroxybenzene used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections.7
HIERACIUM PILOSELLA FLOWERING TOP2
HIERACIUM PILOSELLA WHOLE1
HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUPSyrup made from corn used widely in foods and beverages as a cheaper alternative sweetener to SUCROSE (common table sugar). It is generated by enzymatic processing of natural corn syrup to produce a liquid most widely composed of 42 or 55% FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE, and various POLYSACCHARIDES.2
HIMATANTHUS LANCIFOLIUS BARK1
HIPPEASTRUM PUNICEUM WHOLE2
HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA FRUITING LEAFY TWIG10
HIRUDIN3
HISTAMINEAn amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.7
HISTAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDEAn amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.228
HISTAMINE PHOSPHATE2
HISTIDINEAn essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.57
HISTIDINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE1
HISTIDINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE1
HISTRELIN ACETATEHistrelin is used in men to treat advanced prostate cancer. It is not a cure. Most types of prostate cancer need the male hormone testosterone to grow and spread. Histrelin works by reducing the amount of testosterone that the body makes. This helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells and helps relieve symptoms such as painful/difficult urination. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment. Histrelin is also used in children to treat early puberty (central precocious puberty). It helps to slow abnormally fast bone development so that height and growth rate are near normal and to stop or reverse signs of early puberty (such as breast/pubic hair growth in girls, pubic hair growth in boys). Histrelin works by reducing the amount of testosterone in boys and estrogen in girls. This medication is used until the doctor decides it is time for puberty to resume.3
HOLCUS LANATUS POLLEN12
HOLMIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.30
HOLY BASIL LEAF4
HOMALOLEPIS CEDRON SEED2
HOMARUS AMERICANUS DIGESTIVE FLUID2
HOMATROPINE HYDROBROMIDEThis medication is used before eye examinations (e.g., refraction), before and after certain eye surgeries, and to treat certain eye conditions (e.g., uveitis). It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Homatropine hydrobromide works by widening (dilating) the pupil of the eye.4
HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE21
HOMOSALATE2244
HONEYA sweet viscous liquid food, produced in the honey sacs of various bees from nectar collected from flowers. The nectar is ripened into honey by inversion of its sucrose sugar into fructose and glucose. It is somewhat acidic and has mild antiseptic properties, being sometimes used in the treatment of burns and lacerations.22
HONEY MUSHROOM1
HONEYDEW MELON1
HOPS45
HORDEUM VULGARE TOP4
HORDEUM VULGARE WHOLE4
HORSE CHESTNUTA plant genus of the family HIPPOCASTANACEAE (or SAPINDACEAE by some) that contains antimicrobial protein 1 and escin. A. hippocastanum is used in folk medicine for treating chronic venous insufficiency.128
HORSERADISH14
HORTAEA WERNECKII1
HOTTONIA PALUSTRIS FLOWER3
HOTTONIA PALUSTRIS WHOLE1
HOUSE DUST16
HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA FLOWERING TOP3
HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA WHOLE4
HOUTTUYNINE2
HOVENIA DULCIS FRUIT1
HOVENIA DULCIS WHOLE1
HUMAN ADENOVIRUS B SEROTYPE 7 STRAIN 55142 ANTIGEN10
HUMAN ADENOVIRUS E SEROTYPE 4 STRAIN CL-68578 ANTIGEN20
HUMAN ADRENAL GLAND1
HUMAN ALBUMIN MICROSPHERES1
HUMAN BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN A/B IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
HUMAN BREAST TUMOR CELL31
HUMAN C1-ESTERASE INHIBITOR1
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPINA gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).8
HUMAN CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI TOXOID IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
HUMAN CORD BLOOD HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELL1
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS A3
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS A237
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS A738
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS B2
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS B148
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS B341
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS B437
HUMAN COXSACKIEVIRUS B513
HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR2
HUMAN HAIR1
HUMAN HEPATITIS B VIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN9
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 1The type species of SIMPLEXVIRUS causing most forms of non-genital herpes simplex in humans. Primary infection occurs mainly in infants and young children and then the virus becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglion. It then is periodically reactivated throughout life causing mostly benign conditions.46
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 245
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3The type species of VARICELLOVIRUS causing CHICKENPOX (varicella) and HERPES ZOSTER (shingles) in humans.38
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 472
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 548
HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6Members of the ROSEOLOVIRUS genus of the Betaherpesvirales subfamily isolated from patients with AIDS and other LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. It infects and replicates in fresh and established lines of hematopoietic cells and cells of neural origin. It also appears to alter the activity of NK CELLS. HHV-6; (HBLV) antibodies are elevated in patients with AIDS; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME; SARCOIDOSIS; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, and certain malignancies. HHV-6A is the most common cause of EXANTHEMA SUBITUM and has been implicated in encephalitis. When HHV-6 integrates into the host genome it is referred to as ciHVH-6. When such VIRUS INTEGRATION occurs into the germline it is referred to as iciHHV-6.34
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G50
HUMAN INTERLEUKIN 122
HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6 (NONGLYCOSYLATED)2
HUMAN MILKMilk that is produced by HUMAN MAMMARY GLANDS.3
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS31
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 11 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN7
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 16 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN7
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 18 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN7
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 31 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN5
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 33 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN5
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 45 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN5
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 52 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN5
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 58 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN5
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 6 L1 CAPSID PROTEIN ANTIGEN7
HUMAN PARATHYROID1
HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B191
HUMAN RABIES VIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN4
HUMAN RHO(D) IMMUNE GLOBULIN13
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G1P(8) STRAIN RIX4414 LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G1P7(5) STRAIN WI79 LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G2P7(5) STRAIN SC2 LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G3P7(5) STRAIN WI78 LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G4P7(5) STRAIN BRB LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN ROTAVIRUS A TYPE G6P1A(8) STRAIN WI79 LIVE ANTIGEN1
HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN I-1252
HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN I-1312
HUMAN SPUTUM, BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS INFECTED21
HUMAN THROMBIN16
HUMAN VACCINIA VIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
HUMAN VARICELLA-ZOSTER IMMUNE GLOBULIN2
HUMULUS LUPULUS WHOLE7
HUPERZINE A1
HURA CREPITANS SAP11
HYACINTHOIDES NON-SCRIPTA19
HYACINTHOIDES NON-SCRIPTA WHOLE3
HYACINTHUS ORIENTALIS WHOLE2
HYALURONATE SODIUMA natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.This medication is used to protect skin ulcers, burns, or wounds from irritation so that the skin can heal properly. Some products are also used to help relieve itching and pain from various skin conditions. Hyaluronate is the same as a natural substance that is found in your body. It works by forming a protective layer over the affected area.23
HYALURONIC ACIDA natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.12
HYALURONIDASE10
HYALURONIDASE (BOVINE)1
HYALURONIDASE (HUMAN RECOMBINANT)11
HYALURONIDASE (OVINE)1
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.164
HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS ROOT12
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS WHOLE12
HYDRATED SILICA5
HYDROBROMIC ACIDHydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.8
HYDROCHLORIC ACIDA strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.43
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDEA thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/"water pills." It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.957
HYDROCODONENarcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.3
HYDROCODONE BITARTRATENarcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.Hydrocodone is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain. Hydrocodone belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. Do not use the extended-release form of hydrocodone to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional ("as needed") use.294
HYDROCORTISONEThe main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.This medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., insect bites, poison oak/ivy, eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash, itching of the outer female genitals, anal itching). Hydrocortisone reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a mild corticosteroid.526
HYDROCORTISONE ACEPONATE2
HYDROCORTISONE ACETATEThis medication is used to treat hemorrhoids and itching/swelling in the rectum and anus. It is also used with other medications to treat certain intestinal problems (such as ulcerative colitis of the rectum and other rectal/anal inflammatory conditions). Hydrocortisone suppositories help to relieve rectal pain, itching, bloody diarrhea, and bleeding by reducing swelling (inflammation) directly in the rectum and anus. Hydrocortisone belongs to a class of drugs called corticosteroids.131
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Hydrocortisone butyrate reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. The topical solution is used to treat severe dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis). This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.15
HYDROCORTISONE HEMISUCCINATE4
HYDROCORTISONE PROBUTATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Hydrocortisone probutate reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid. Do not use this medication to treat diaper rash.2
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE1
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM SUCCINATE10
HYDROCORTISONE VALERATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Hydrocortisone valerate reduces the swelling, itching, and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.13
HYDROCOTYLE ASIATICA EXTRACT1
HYDROFLUORIC ACIDHydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.53
HYDROGENThe first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.12
HYDROGEN CYANIDEHydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.5
HYDROGEN PEROXIDEA strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.175
HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL2
HYDROGENATED COCONUT OIL1
HYDROGENATED JOJOBA OIL1
HYDROGENATED STARCH HYDROLYSATE1
HYDROLYSED BOVINE COLLAGEN (ENZYMATIC2
HYDROLYSED MARINE COLLAGEN (ENZYMATIC2
HYDROLYZED BOVINE ELASTIN (BASE3
HYDROLYZED ORYZANOL1
HYDROMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.99
HYDROQUININE1
HYDROQUINONEHydroquinone is used to lighten the dark patches of skin (also called hyperpigmentation, melasma, "liver spots," "age spots," freckles) caused by pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone medicine, or injury to the skin. This medicine works by blocking the process in the skin that leads to discoloration.37
HYDROTALCITE1
HYDROXIDE ION3
HYDROXOCOBALAMINInjectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.Hydroxocobalamin is a man-made injectable form of vitamin B12 used to treat low levels (deficiency) of this vitamin. Vitamin B12 helps your body use fat and carbohydrates for energy and make new protein. It is also important for normal blood, cells, and nerves. Most people get enough vitamin B12 in their diet, but a deficiency may occur in certain health conditions (e.g., poor nutrition, stomach/intestinal problems, infection, cancer). Serious vitamin B12 deficiency may result in anemia, stomach problems, and nerve damage.10
HYDROXOCOBALAMIN ACETATE7
HYDROXOCOBALAMIN HYDROCHLORIDE3
HYDROXYACETOPHENONE1
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDEAmphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine.2
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATEA chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)Hydroxychloroquine is used to prevent or treat malaria caused by mosquito bites. The United States Center for Disease Control provides updated guidelines and travel recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria in different parts of the world. Discuss the most recent information with your doctor before traveling to areas where malaria occurs. This medication is also used to treat certain auto-immune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). It belongs to a class of medications known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). It can reduce skin problems in lupus and prevent swelling/pain in arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine is not recommended for coronavirus infection, also known as COVID-19, unless you are enrolled in a study. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.64
HYDROXYCITRONELLAL3
HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER (100000 MPA.S AT 1.5%)1
HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE (140 CPS AT 5%)1
HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE (5500 MPA.S AT 2%)1
HYDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE, UNSPECIFIED4
HYDROXYETHYL ETHYLCELLULOSE1
HYDROXYPROGESTERONE1
HYDROXYPROGESTERONE CAPROATEHydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.This medication is used in women who are pregnant with a single baby, and who have delivered a baby too early (preterm) in the past. It is used to help lower the risk of having a preterm baby again. Hydroxyprogesterone is a man-made form of a female hormone (progestin). It is not known how it works to prevent preterm births. This medication is not intended to prevent preterm birth in women pregnant with more than one baby (such as twins, triplets). It is also not intended to stop active preterm labor.13
HYDROXYPROPYL .GAMMA.-CYCLODEXTRIN1
HYDROXYPROPYL BETADEXDerivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator.2
HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSEThis medication is an insert that is placed in your eye to treat dry eyes. It is usually used when an artificial tears solution is not successful. This medication may also be used to treat certain other eye disorders (keratitis, decreased corneal sensitivity). It works by keeping the eye moist, helping to protect the eye from injury and infection and to decrease symptoms of dry eyes such as burning, itching, and feeling as if something is in the eye.1
HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE (1600000 WAMW)3
HYDROXYUREAAn antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.This medication is used by people with sickle cell anemia to reduce the number of painful crises caused by the disease and to reduce the need for blood transfusions. Some brands are also used to treat certain types of cancer (such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, squamous cell carcinomas).33
HYDROXYZINEA histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.2
HYDROXYZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.165
HYDROXYZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.5
HYDROXYZINE PAMOATEA histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.Hydroxyzine is used to treat itching caused by allergies. It is an antihistamine and works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Hydroxyzine may also be used short-term to treat anxiety or to help you feel sleepy/relaxed before and after surgery.96
HYLOTELEPHIUM TELEPHIUM WHOLE2
HYOSCYAMINEThe 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.2
HYOSCYAMINE SULFATEHyoscyamine is used to treat a variety of stomach/intestinal problems such as cramps and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions such as bladder and bowel control problems, cramping pain caused by kidney stones and gallstones, and Parkinson's disease. In addition, it is used to decrease side effects of certain medications (drugs used to treat myasthenia gravis) and insecticides. This medication works by decreasing acid production in the stomach, slowing down the natural movements of the gut, and relaxing muscles in many organs (such as the stomach, intestines, bladder, kidney, gallbladder). Hyoscyamine also lessens the amount of certain body fluids (e.g., saliva, sweat). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics/antispasmodics.64
HYOSCYAMINE SULFATE ANHYDROUSThe 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.1
HYOSCYAMUS NIGERA plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE which contains TROPANES.107
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER LEAF39
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM245
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM FLOWER4
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM WHOLE52
HYPEROSIDE1
HYPOCHLOROUS ACIDAn oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.7
HYPOMYCES PERNICIOSUS1
HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (100 MPA.S)1
HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (15000 MPA.S)5
HYPROMELLOSE 2906 (4000 MPA.S)1
HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (4000 MPA.S)14
HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED24
HYPROMELLOSES7
HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP1
HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS WHOLE2
IBALIZUMAB3
IBANDRONATE SODIUMAminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.Ibandronate is used to prevent and treat certain types of bone loss (osteoporosis). Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases after menopause, as you age, or if you take corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) for long periods. This medication works by slowing bone loss to help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Ibandronate belongs to a class of medications called bisphosphonates.18
IBERIS AMARA SEED7
IBREXAFUNGERP CITRATE1
IBRUTINIBThis medication is used to treat certain cancers (such as mantle cell or marginal zone lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia). Ibrutinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Ibrutinib is also used to treat a certain problem that may occur after a stem cell transplant (chronic graft versus host disease). It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system).31
IBUPROFENA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory propertiesIbuprofen is used to help relieve mild to moderate pain. When used with an opioid (such as morphine), it may be used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It is also used to reduce fever. Ibuprofen is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.1394
IBUPROFEN LYSINE4
IBUPROFEN SODIUM6
IBUTAMOREN1
IBUTAMOREN MESYLATE4
IBUTILIDE FUMARATE5
ICATIBANT ACETATEIcatibant is used to treat sudden attacks of a certain immune system condition passed down through families called hereditary angioedema (HAE). Although this medication is not a cure for HAE, icatibant may lessen the symptoms of an attack such as rapid swelling and pain of the hands, arms, feet, legs, face, tongue, and upper airway. When attacks involve the stomach/intestines, symptoms may include abdominal pain/cramps, diarrhea, constipation, or vomiting. Attacks may happen at any time. However, stress, injury, or illness may trigger attacks in some people. Icatibant works by blocking the action of a natural substance in the body called bradykinin. Bradykinin is thought to cause the symptoms of an HAE attack.22
ICHTHAMMOL13
ICODEXTRINA glucan that is structurally related to maltodextrin, with more than 85% of its molecules having molecular weights between 1640 and 45 000 Daltons (Da), and a weight-average molecular weight of about 20 000 Da; it is used in dialysis fluids as an alternative to glucose-based solutions, and to reduce adhesions after gynecological or abdominal surgery. It has also been used as a vehicle for drugs given via the peritoneal cavity.2
ICOSAPENT7
ICOSAPENT ETHYLIcosapent ethyl is used along with certain other cholesterol medications ("statins" such as atorvastatin, simvastatin) to reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and certain types of heart problems that require treatment in a hospital. It is also used along with a proper diet to help lower fats (triglycerides) in the blood. Icosapent ethyl is a type of omega-3 fatty acid, a fat found in fish oil. It is thought to work by decreasing the amount of triglycerides made by the body. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.59
IDARUBICINAn orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.1
IDARUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDEAn orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.12
IDARUCIZUMAB3
IDEBENONE3
IDECABTAGENE VICLEUCEL1
IDELALISIBThis medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia-CLL, follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma-SLL). Idelalisib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.7
IDOXURIDINEAn analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.1
IDRAPARINUX SODIUM1
IDURSULFASE1
IFOSFAMIDEPositional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.Ifosfamide is used to treat various cancers (such as testicular cancer). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.12
ILEX AQUIFOLIUM FLOWERING TOP12
ILEX AQUIFOLIUM FRUITING TOP2
ILEX AQUIFOLIUM LEAF1
ILEX AQUIFOLIUM WHOLE1
ILLICIUM ANISATUM WHOLE1
ILLICIUM VERUM WHOLE2
ILOPERIDONEThis medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia). Iloperidone helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there). Iloperidone is a psychiatric medication that belongs to the class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.30
ILOPROSTAn eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.5
IMATINIBA tyrosine kinase inhibitor and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA and ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, as well as PDG-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.1
IMATINIB MESYLATEA tyrosine kinase inhibitor and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that inhibits the BCR-ABL kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA and ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA, as well as PDG-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Imatinib may also be used to treat certain immune system disorders (such as aggressive systemic mastocytosis, hypereosinophilic syndrome).65
IMDEVIMAB3
IMEGLIMIN1
IMEPITOIN2
IMIDACLOPRID4
IMIDOCARB DIPROPIONATE1
IMIDUREA6
IMIGLUCERASEImiglucerase is used to treat a certain rare genetic problem (Gaucher disease). Imiglucerase replaces a certain natural substance (an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase) that is missing in people with Gaucher disease. This medication improves blood, bone, liver, and spleen problems caused by Gaucher disease. Imiglucerase does not correct the genetic problem, and treatment must be continued for life.2
IMIPENEMSemisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.10
IMIPENEM ANHYDROUSSemisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.3
IMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.37
IMIPRAMINE PAMOATEThe prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.This medication is used to treat depression. Using this medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily life. Imipramine pamoate belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.9
IMIQUIMODA topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.This medication is used to treat certain types of growths on the skin. These are precancerous growths (actinic keratoses), a certain type of skin cancer (superficial basal cell carcinoma), and warts on the outside of the genitals/anus. Treating these conditions can decrease complications from them. Imiquimod belongs to a group of drugs called immune response modifiers. It is believed to work by helping to activate your immune system to fight these abnormal skin growths. This product is not recommended for use on children under 12 years of age unless specifically directed by your doctor.24
IMPATIENS BALSAMINA FLOWER1
IMPATIENS GLANDULIFERA FLOWER62
IMPATIENS GLANDULIFERA WHOLE6
IMPERATORIA OSTRUTHIA ROOT2
INCLISIRAN1
INCLISIRAN SODIUM1
INDACATEROL1
INDACATEROL MALEATEIndacaterol is used to treat trouble breathing and wheezing due to a certain ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema). It is used if your breathing problems are not controlled with other medication (such as a quick-relief inhaler). Indacaterol belongs to the class of drugs known as long-acting beta agonists (LABAs). Indacaterol is also known as a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. This medication should not be used for severe/sudden breathing problems. Other medications, such as a quick-relief inhaler should be used instead of indacaterol for sudden breathing problems. This medication is not a substitute for corticosteroids (such as beclomethasone, fluticasone, prednisone). Indacaterol is not approved to treat asthma. People with asthma using long-acting inhaled beta agonists (such as indacaterol) without also using an inhaled corticosteroid may have an increased risk of serious (sometimes fatal) breathing problems.1
INDAPAMIDEA benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Indapamide is also used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Indapamide belongs to a class of drugs known as diuretics/"water pills." It works by causing you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra salt and water. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath or swelling in your ankles or feet.22
INDIAN FRANKINCENSE7
INDIGOIndolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.8
INDIGOTINDISULFONATE SODIUM4
INDIUMA metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.31
INDIUM CATION IN-1111
INDIUM CHLORIDE IN-1111
INDIUM IN-111 OXYQUINOLINE2
INDIUM IN-111 PENTETATE DISODIUM1
INDOCYANINE GREENA tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.3
INDOLE18
INDOMETHACINA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.Indomethacin is used to relieve pain, swelling, and joint stiffness caused by arthritis, gout, bursitis, and tendonitis. Reducing these symptoms helps you do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.94
INDOMETHACIN SODIUM3
INDOXIMOD1
INEBILIZUMAB2
INFIGRATINIB1
INFLIXIMABA chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-ALPHA that is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS and CROHN'S DISEASE.This medication is used to treat certain types of arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis of the spine, psoriatic arthritis), certain bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), and a certain severe skin disease (chronic plaque psoriasis). In these conditions, the body's defense system (immune system) attacks healthy tissues. Infliximab works by blocking the actions of a certain natural substance (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the body. This helps to decrease swelling (inflammation) and weaken your immune system, which slows or stops the damage from the disease. This monograph is about the following infliximab products: infliximab, infliximab-abda, infliximab-axxq, and infliximab-dyyb.11
INFLIXIMAB (REMICADE)1
INFLIXIMAB, LICENSE HOLDER UNSPECIFIED2
INFLIXIMAB-ABDAA chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-ALPHA that is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS and CROHN'S DISEASE.This medication is used to treat certain types of arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis of the spine, psoriatic arthritis), certain bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), and a certain severe skin disease (chronic plaque psoriasis). In these conditions, the body's defense system (immune system) attacks healthy tissues. Infliximab works by blocking the actions of a certain natural substance (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the body. This helps to decrease swelling (inflammation) and weaken your immune system, which slows or stops the damage from the disease. This monograph is about the following infliximab products: infliximab, infliximab-abda, infliximab-axxq, and infliximab-dyyb.1
INFLIXIMAB-DYYBA chimeric monoclonal antibody to TNF-ALPHA that is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS and CROHN'S DISEASE.This medication is used to treat certain types of arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis of the spine, psoriatic arthritis), certain bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), and a certain severe skin disease (chronic plaque psoriasis). In these conditions, the body's defense system (immune system) attacks healthy tissues. Infliximab works by blocking the actions of a certain natural substance (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the body. This helps to decrease swelling (inflammation) and weaken your immune system, which slows or stops the damage from the disease. This monograph is about the following infliximab products: infliximab, infliximab-abda, infliximab-axxq, and infliximab-dyyb.4
INFLUENZA A VIRUSThe type species of the genus ALPHAINFLUENZAVIRUS that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.43
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/BRISBANE/02/2018 (H1N1) RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/BRISBANE/02/2018 IVR-190 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)17
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/BRISBANE/10/2010 (H1N1) HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/BRISBANE/10/2010 (H1N1) NEURAMINIDASE ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/CALIFORNIA/122/2022 SAN-022 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/11/2021 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/6/2021 (H3N2) RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/6/2021 (H3N2) WHOLE3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/6/2021 IVR-227 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/6/2021 IVR-227 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/9/2021 IVR-228 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/9/2021 IVR-228 (H3N2) HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/DARWIN/9/2021 SAN-010 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)6
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/GEORGIA/12/2022 CVR-167 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/GUANGDONG-MAONAN/SWL1536/2019 CNIC-1909 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)14
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/HONG KONG/2671/2019 IVR-208 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)14
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/KANSAS/14/2017 (H3N2) RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/KANSAS/14/2017 X-327 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)17
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/MICHIGAN/45/2015 X-275 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/NORTH CAROLINA/04/2016 (H3N2) WHOLE2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/NORWAY/16606/2021 (H3N2) LIVE (ATTENUATED) ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/NORWAY/31694/2022 (H1N1) LIVE (ATTENUATED) ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SINGAPORE/6/86 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (HEAT INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SINGAPORE/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)14
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SINGAPORE/GP1908/2015 IVR-180 (H1N1) WHOLE3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SINGAPORE/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 IVR-186 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SINGAPORE/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 NIB-104 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)14
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SOUTH AUSTRALIA/55/2014 (H3N2) HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/SOUTH AUSTRALIA/55/2014 (H3N2) NEURAMINIDASE ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/TASMANIA/503/2020 IVR-221 (H3N2) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)10
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/2570/2019 IVR-215 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)12
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/2570/2019 IVR-215 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/2570/2019 IVR-215 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)15
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/2570/2019 IVR-215 (H1N1) HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)8
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/4897/2022 IVR-238 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)17
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/4897/2022 IVR-238 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VICTORIA/4897/2022 IVR-238 (H1N1) ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/VIETNAM/1203/2004 (H5N1, CLADE 1) ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/WEST VIRGINIA/30/2022 (H1N1) RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS A/WISCONSIN/588/2019 (H1N1) RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA A VIRUS WHOLE5
INFLUENZA B VIRUSSpecies of the genus BETAINFLUENZAVIRUS that cause HUMAN INFLUENZA and other diseases primarily in humans. Antigenic variation is less extensive than in type A viruses (INFLUENZA A VIRUS) and consequently there is no basis for distinct subtypes or variants. Epidemics are less likely than with INFLUENZA A VIRUS and there have been no pandemics. Previously only found in humans, Influenza B virus has been isolated from seals which may constitute the animal reservoir from which humans are exposed.40
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 BVR-26 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 BVR-26 ANTIGEN (PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 BVR-26 ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 BVR-26 WHOLE3
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 LIVE (ATTENUATED) ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/AUSTRIA/1359417/2021 RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/COLORADO/06/2017 LIVE (ATTENUATED) ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/IOWA/06/2017 WHOLE2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/MARYLAND/15/2016 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)28
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/MARYLAND/15/2016 BX-69A ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)6
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/MICHIGAN/01/2021 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)9
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/MICHIGAN/01/2021 HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)51
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 ANTIGEN (UV, FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 BVR-1B ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 BVR-1B ANTIGEN (PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)3
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 BVR-1B WHOLE3
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)16
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 LIVE (ATTENUATED) ANTIGEN1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/PHUKET/3073/2013 RECOMBINANT HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN3
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/SINGAPORE/INFTT-16-0610/2016 ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/SINGAPORE/INFTT-16-0610/2016 WHOLE2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/SINGAPORE/WUH4618/2021 ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)2
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/UTAH/9/2014 HEMAGGLUTININ ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/UTAH/9/2014 NEURAMINIDASE ANTIGEN (MDCK CELL DERIVED, PROPIOLACTONE INACTIVATED)1
INFLUENZA B VIRUS B/WASHINGTON/02/2019 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)24
INFLUENZA B VIRUS WHOLE1
INGENOL MEBUTATEThis medication is used on the skin to treat pre-cancerous and cancerous skin growths. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of ingenol, as well as alternative treatments for your condition. It is not known exactly how ingenol works, but it can kill abnormal cells that cause skin cancer.2
INONOTUS OBLIQUUS FRUITING BODY1
INOSINEA purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)2
INOSITOLAn isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.4
INOTERSEN SODIUMThis medication is used to treat nerve problems due to a certain inherited condition (transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis). This condition causes a protein that your body normally makes (transthyretin-TTR), to change shape and build up in different parts of your body, which can affect the nerves, heart, eyes, and gut. This medication works by decreasing the buildup of TTR in your body.1
INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICINImmunotoxin that consists of anti-CD22 (CD22 ANTIGEN) humanized monoclonal antibody covalently linked to the antineoplastic antibiotic CALICHEAMICIN. It is used for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC).This medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (acute lymphoblastic leukemia-ALL). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
INSULIN ASPARTInsulin that has been modified to contain an ASPARTIC ACID instead of a PROLINE at position 38 of the B-chain.Insulin aspart is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Insulin aspart is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. Insulin aspart starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. This medication is usually used with a medium- or long-acting insulin product.35
INSULIN DEGLUDECInsulin degludec is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Insulin degludec is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. It acts longer than regular insulin, providing a low, steady level of insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. Insulin degludec may be used with a shorter-acting insulin product. It may also be used alone or with other diabetes drugs.12
INSULIN DETEMIRA recombinant long-acting insulin and hypoglycemic agent in which a MYRISTIC ACID is conjugated to a LYSINE at position B29. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.Insulin detemir is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Insulin detemir is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. It acts longer than regular insulin, providing a low, steady level of insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. Insulin detemir may be used with a shorter-acting insulin product. It may also be used alone or with other diabetes drugs (such as metformin, exenatide).9
INSULIN GLARGINEA recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.36
INSULIN GLULISINEInsulin glulisine is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Insulin glulisine is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. Insulin glulisine starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. This medication is usually used with a medium- or long-acting insulin product.2
INSULIN HUMAN51
INSULIN LISPROInsulin that has been modified so that the B-chain contains a LYSINE at position 28 instead of a PROLINE and a PROLINE at position 29 instead of a LYSINE. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES.Insulin lispro is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Insulin lispro is a man-made product that is similar to human insulin. It replaces the insulin that your body would normally make. Insulin lispro starts working faster and lasts for a shorter time than regular insulin. It works by helping blood sugar (glucose) get into cells so your body can use it for energy. This medication is usually used with a medium- or long-acting insulin product. Insulin lispro may also be used with other oral diabetes medications (such as sulfonylureas like glyburide or glipizide).51
INSULIN PORK20
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-21
INTERFERON .GAMMA. PORCINE RECOMBINANT6
INTERFERON ALFA-2BAlpha interferon encoded by the human IFNA2 gene. Recombinant forms are used in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B; CHRONIC HEPATITIS C; KAPOSI SARCOMA; MELANOMA; and HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA.5
INTERFERON BETA-1AAn interferon beta-1 subtype that has a methionine at position 1, a cysteine at position 17, and is glycosylated at position 80. It functions as an ANTI-VIRAL AGENT and IMMUNOMODULATOR and is used to manage the symptoms of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.This medication is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon is not a cure for MS, but it may help to slow disease worsening and decrease flare-ups of symptoms (such as balance problems, numbness, or weakness).6
INTERFERON GAMMA-1A2
INTERFERON GAMMA-1B11
INTERLEUKIN-10A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.5
INTERLEUKIN-11A lymphohematopoietic cytokine that plays a role in regulating the proliferation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS. It induces maturation of MEGAKARYOCYTES which results in increased production of BLOOD PLATELETS. Interleukin-11 was also initially described as an inhibitor of ADIPOGENESIS of cultured preadipocytes.2
INTERLEUKIN-12 HUMAN1
INTERLEUKIN-12 HUMAN RECOMBINANT2
INTERLEUKIN-3A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.2
INTERLEUKIN-5A cytokine that promotes differentiation and activation of EOSINOPHILS. It also triggers activated B-LYMPHOCYTES to differentiate into IMMUNOGLOBULIN-secreting cells.1
INTRINSIC FACTORA glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.3
INULA HELENIUM ROOT9
INULINA starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to FRUCTOSE, it is classified as a fructosan. It has been used in physiologic investigation for determination of the rate of glomerular function.2
IOBENGUANE I-1231
IOBENGUANE I-1311
IOBENGUANE SULFATE3
IODINEA nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.234
IODINE I-1314
IODINE POVACRYLEX2
IODIXANOL7
IODOFORM1
IODOQUINOLOne of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.12
IOFLUPANE I-1232
IOHEXOLAn effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.This medication is used before X-ray imaging tests (such as CT scans). Iohexol contains iodine and belongs to a class of drugs known as contrast media or dyes. It works by adding contrast to body parts and fluids in these imaging tests. Iohexol improves the images obtained during a CT scan, so your doctor can more easily diagnose your condition.21
IOMEPROL14
IOPAMIDOLA non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.This medication is used before X-ray imaging tests (such as CT scans). Iohexol contains iodine and belongs to a class of drugs known as contrast media or dyes. It works by adding contrast to body parts and fluids in these imaging tests. Iohexol improves the images obtained during a CT scan, so your doctor can more easily diagnose your condition.17
IOPROMIDE4
IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINEA radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.2
IOTHALAMATE SODIUM I-1251
IOTHALAMIC ACIDA contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.1
IOVERSOL12
IPAMORELIN3
IPECACA syrup made from the dried rhizomes of two different species, CEPHAELIS ipecacuanha and C. acuminata. They contain EMETINE, cephaeline, psychotrine and other ISOQUINOLINES. Ipecac syrup is used widely as an emetic acting both locally on the gastric mucosa and centrally on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.211
IPILIMUMABAn anti-CTLA-4 ANTIGEN monoclonal antibody initially indicated for the treatment of certain types of metastatic MELANOMA. Its mode of actions may include blocking of CTLA-4 mediated inhibition of CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES, allowing for more efficient destruction of target tumor cells.Ipilimumab is used to treat various cancers (such as skin, kidney, liver, lung, colorectal). Ipilimumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. However, it can have serious side effects in other parts of your body (see also Side Effects section).7
IPOMOEA PURGA ROOT3
IPOMOEA PURPUREA TOP3
IPRATROPIUM BROMIDEA muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.Ipratropium is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. For preventing symptoms of lung disease, this medication must be used regularly to be effective. Use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) for wheezing or sudden shortness of breath unless otherwise directed by your doctor. Ipratropium does not work as fast as your quick-relief inhaler, but may sometimes be used to relieve symptoms of wheezing or sudden shortness of breath if so prescribed by your doctor.63
IPTACOPAN HYDROCHLORIDE1
IRBESARTANA spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.Irbesartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Irbesartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.134
IRIDIUMA metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.53
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDEA semisynthetic camptothecin derivative that inhibits DNA TOPOISOMERASE I to prevent nucleic acid synthesis during S PHASE. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS and PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS.42
IRIS GERMANICA VAR. FLORENTINA ROOT1
IRIS MISSOURIENSIS WHOLE1
IRIS TENAX2
IRIS TENAX WHOLE1
IRIS VERSICOLOR ROOT126
IRIS VERSICOLOR WHOLE5
IRIS X GERMANICA NOTHOVAR. FLORENTINA ROOT3
IRIS X GERMANICA ROOT2
IRONA metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.This medication is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to produce red blood cells and keep you in good health.186
IRON DEXTRAN8
IRON PENTACARBONYL5
IRON SUCROSEA glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.20
IS-741 SODIUM MONOHYDRATE1
ISATIS TINCTORIA WHOLE1
ISATUXIMAB2
ISATUXIMAB-IRFC1
ISAVUCONAZONIUM SULFATEThis medication is used to treat certain serious fungal infections. This medication is known as an azole antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.9
ISCOTRIZINOL1
ISOCARBOXAZIDAn MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)Isocarboxazid is an antidepressant (monoamine oxidase inhibitor). This medication treats depression by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Isocarboxazid can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. Usually, this medication is used in persons who have not responded to treatment with other drugs.2
ISOCONAZOLE NITRATE1
ISOFLUPREDONE ACETATE1
ISOFLURANEA stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.9
ISOLEUCINEAn essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.57
ISOMALT1
ISOMETHEPTENE MUCATE2
ISOMETHYL-.ALPHA.-IONONE3
ISONIAZIDAntibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test). Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.24
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL710
ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE2
ISOPROPYL PALMITATE8
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDEIsopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.30
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATEA vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.Isosorbide dinitrate is used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with a certain heart condition (coronary artery disease). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart. This medication will not relieve chest pain once it occurs. It is also not intended to be taken just before physical activities (such as exercise, sexual activity) to prevent chest pain. Other medications may be needed in these situations. Consult your doctor for more details.69
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATEIsosorbide mononitrate is used to prevent chest pain (angina) in patients with a certain heart condition (coronary artery disease). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates. It works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart. This medication will not relieve chest pain once it occurs. Also, it is not intended to be taken just before physical activities (such as exercise or sexual intercourse) to prevent chest pain. Other medications may be prescribed by your doctor for these conditions. Consult your doctor for more details.68
ISOSULFAN BLUE12
ISOTRETINOINA topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.This medication is used to treat severe cystic acne (also known as nodular acne) that has not responded to other treatment (e.g., benzoyl peroxide or clindamycin applied to the skin or tetracycline or minocycline taken by mouth). It belongs to a class of drugs known as retinoids. It works by decreasing facial oil (sebum) production. High amounts of sebum can lead to severe acne. If left untreated, severe acne may cause permanent scarring.87
ISOXSUPRINE HYDROCHLORIDEA beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.3
ISRADIPINEA potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.Isradipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Isradipine is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.11
ISSATCHENKIA ORIENTALIS WHOLE7
ISTRADEFYLLINEIstradefylline is used by people with Parkinson's disease taking carbidopa/levodopa to reduce the amount of "off" time (periods of slow movement or stiffness).6
IT-1391
ITRACONAZOLEA triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.Itraconazole is used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.42
IVA ANGUSTIFOLIA POLLEN12
IVA ANNUA POLLEN34
IVA AXILLARIS POLLEN3
IVABRADINEA benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.1
IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE10
IVABRADINE SULFATE1
IVACAFTORThis medication is used to treat cystic fibrosis in certain people (those with an abnormal "CFTR" gene). It may help to improve breathing, reduce the risk of lung infections, and improve weight gain.25
IVERMECTINA mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.This medication is used to treat certain parasitic roundworm infections. Curing parasitic infections helps to improve your quality of life. In people with weakened defense (immune) systems, curing roundworm infections can reduce the risk of developing a severe or life-threatening infection. Ivermectin belongs to a class of drugs known as antihelmintics. It works by paralyzing and killing parasites.37
IVERMECTIN B1A1
IVOSIDENIBThis medication is used to treat a certain type of blood cell cancer (acute myeloid leukemia-AML). Ivosidenib works by helping your bone marrow grow normal blood cells so you will need fewer blood transfusions.4
IXABEPILONEThis medication is used to treat advanced breast cancer. Ixabepilone is a chemotherapy drug that works to slow or stop cancer cell growth.1
IXAZOMIB CITRATEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (multiple myeloma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
IXEKIZUMABThis medication is used to treat plaque psoriasis and certain types of arthritis (psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, axial spondyloarthritis). Ixekizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking a certain natural protein in your body (interleukin-17A) that may cause inflammation and swelling.5
JACARANDA CAROBA FLOWER2
JACARANDA CAROBA LEAF1
JACOBAEA MARITIMA11
JACOBAEA MARITIMA WHOLE2
JACOBAEA VULGARIS2
JACOBAEA VULGARIS WHOLE2
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSA species of FLAVIVIRUS, one of the Japanese encephalitis virus group (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE), which is the etiological agent of Japanese encephalitis found in Asia, southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.3
JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS STRAIN SA 14-14-2 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)2
JASMINUM OFFICINALE FLOWER1
JATEORHIZA CALUMBA ROOT10
JATROPHA CURCAS SEED2
JOJOBA OIL2
JUGLANS CALIFORNICA POLLEN11
JUGLANS CINEREA BRANCH BARK/ROOT BARK15
JUGLANS NIGRA POLLEN58
JUGLANS REGIA FLOWERING TOP13
JUGLANS REGIA FRUIT RIND, IMMATURE15
JUGLANS REGIA LEAF44
JUGLANS REGIA POLLEN15
JUGLANS REGIA SHELL1
JUGLANS REGIA WHOLE9
JUJUBE FRUIT4
JUJUBE SEED1
JUNIPER BERRY42
JUNIPER BERRY OIL1
JUNIPERUS ASHEI POLLEN35
JUNIPERUS CALIFORNICA POLLEN3
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS STEM13
JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS WHOLE7
JUNIPERUS DEPPEANA WHOLE3
JUNIPERUS MONOSPERMA POLLEN10
JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS POLLEN12
JUNIPERUS OSTEOSPERMA POLLEN6
JUNIPERUS PINCHOTII POLLEN8
JUNIPERUS SABINA LEAF2
JUNIPERUS SABINA LEAFY TWIG43
JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM POLLEN17
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA OIL1
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA POLLEN44
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA TWIG13
JUSTICIA ADHATODA LEAF1
KALANCHOE DAIGREMONTIANA LEAF28
KALANCHOE PINNATA LEAF1
KALE1
KALMIA LATIFOLIA LEAF60
KALMIA LATIFOLIA WHOLE2
KANAMYCIN SULFATES1
KAOLINThe most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)25
KARAYA GUMPolysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens (STERCULIA). It is used as a suspending or stabilizing agent in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; a bulk-forming laxative; a surgical lubricant and adhesive; and in the treatment of skin ulcers.3
KEROSENEA refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.108
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.45
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, (R)-1
KETOCONAZOLEBroad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.This medication is used to control dandruff. Use of this medication may help to relieve the flaking, scaling and itching associated with dandruff. Ketoconazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus. Ketoconazole 2% shampoo is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs.73
KETOPROFENAn IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.Ketoprofen is used to relieve pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.27
KETOROLACA pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)3
KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINEA pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.This medication is used to temporarily relieve itching eyes caused by seasonal allergies. It is also used to prevent and treat eye swelling due to a certain type of eye surgery (cataract removal). Ketorolac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by blocking certain natural substances in your body to reduce pain and swelling.192
KETOTIFEN FUMARATEA cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.This medication is used to prevent and treat itching of the eyes caused by allergies (allergic/seasonal conjunctivitis). Ketotifen is an antihistamine for the eye that treats allergic symptoms by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine). It is also a mast cell stabilizer that prevents allergic reactions by reducing the release of natural substances that cause an allergic reaction.28
KHUSKIA ORYZAE1
KIDNEY BEAN18
KISSPEPTIN1
KISSPEPTIN-101
KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAEGram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.11
KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS1
KOELERIA MACRANTHA POLLEN18
KOJIC ACID9
KRAMERIA LAPPACEA ROOT36
KRAMERIA LAPPACEA WHOLE1
LABETALOLA salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.23
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDEA salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.141
LACHESIS MUTA VENOM357
LACHESIS MUTA WHOLE4
LACHNANTHES CAROLINIANA3
LACIDIPINE1
LACOSAMIDEAn acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.Lacosamide is used to prevent and control seizures. It is an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain.147
LACTIC ACIDA normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)12
LACTIC ACID, DL-46
LACTIC ACID, L-112
LACTIC ACID, UNSPECIFIED FORM10
LACTOBACILLUS CRISPATUSA species of Lactobacillus that occurs in the human GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the VAGINA of healthy women. It produces LACTIC ACID and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, and is used as a PROBIOTIC. It is also used for the treatment and prevention of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS.1
LACTOBACILLUS REUTERI1
LACTOSEA disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.4
LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE1
LACTOSE, UNSPECIFIED FORM27
LACTOSE, X-RAY EXPOSED (1000 RAD)1
LACTUCA SATIVA WHOLE1
LACTUCA VIROSA20
LACTUCA VIROSA LEAF1
LACTUCA VIROSA WHOLE3
LACTULOSEA synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887)This medication is a laxative used to treat constipation. It may help to increase the number of bowel movements per day and the number of days you have a bowel movement. Lactulose is a colonic acidifier that works by increasing stool water content and softening the stool. It is a man-made sugar solution.32
LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LEAF1
LAMB15
LAMINARIA DIGITATA3
LAMIUM ALBUM3
LAMIUM ALBUM FLOWERING TOP1
LAMIVUDINEA reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Lamivudine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Lamivudine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.87
LAMOTRIGINEA phenyltriazine compound, sodium and calcium channel blocker that is used for the treatment of SEIZURES and BIPOLAR DISORDER.Lamotrigine is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control seizures. It may also be used to help prevent the extreme mood swings of bipolar disorder in adults. Lamotrigine is known as an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 2 years due to an increased risk of side effects (such as infections).296
LANADELUMAB5
LANOLINA yellow fat obtained from sheep's wool. It is used as an emollient, cosmetic, and pharmaceutic aid.53
LANREOTIDE1
LANREOTIDE ACETATEThis medication is a long-acting form of lanreotide. Lanreotide is used to treat a condition called acromegaly that occurs when the body makes too much of a certain natural substance called growth hormone. It is used when surgery or radiation treatment have not been fully successful or cannot be used. Treating acromegaly helps reduce the risk of serious problems such as diabetes and heart disease. Lanreotide works by decreasing the amount of growth hormone to normal levels. This drug is not a cure for acromegaly. It is used for the long-term treatment of this condition. This medication is also used to treat certain cancer or tumors of the stomach, intestines, or pancreas. It may help to slow down the growth of these tumors. Lanreotide is also used to treat carcinoid syndrome. It may help reduce the need to use another medication to treat diarrhea or flushing caused by carcinoid syndrome.13
LANSOPRAZOLEA 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.Lansoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Lansoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter lansoprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.178
LANTHANUMThe prototypical element in the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol La, atomic number 57, and atomic weight 138.91. Lanthanide ion is used in experimental biology as a calcium antagonist; lanthanum oxide improves the optical properties of glass.27
LANTHANUM CARBONATELanthanum is used to lower high blood phosphate levels in people who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease. Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced. Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and may decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels. Lanthanum is a natural mineral that works by binding to phosphate in the foods you eat. The phosphate then passes out of your body in your stool.29
LAPATINIBA quinazoline derivative that inhibits EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR and HER2 (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2) tyrosine kinases. It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where tumors overexpress HER2.2
LAPATINIB DITOSYLATEA quinazoline derivative that inhibits EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR and HER2 (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2) tyrosine kinases. It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where tumors overexpress HER2.Lapatinib is used to treat a certain type of breast cancer (HER2-positive). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.12
LAPINE BRADYKININ IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
LAPINE CD4 IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
LAPINE HISTAMINE IMMUNE GLOBULIN2
LAPINE INTERFERON GAMMA IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
LAPINE MORPHINE IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
LAPINE S-100 IMMUNE GLOBULIN2
LAPINE T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNE GLOBULIN1
LARAZOTIDE1
LARD2
LARICIFOMES OFFICINALIS FRUITING BODY1
LARIX DECIDUA FLOWERING TOP18
LARIX DECIDUA RESIN30
LARIX DECIDUA WHOLE2
LARONIDASE2
LAROPIPRANT2
LAROTRECTINIB7
LAROTRECTINIB SULFATELarotrectinib is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
LARREA DIVARICATA WHOLE1
LARREA TRIDENTATA LEAF4
LARREA TRIDENTATA TOP1
LARREA TRIDENTATA WHOLE1
LASMIDITAN6
LATANOPROSTA prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.Latanoprost is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). It is similar to a natural chemical in the body (prostaglandin) and works by regulating the flow of fluid within the eye which results in lower pressure. Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness.42
LATANOPROSTENE BUNODLatanoprostene bunod is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open-angle type) or other eye diseases (such as ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent blindness. This medication works by controlling the flow of fluid within the eye to maintain a normal pressure.7
LATHYRUS ODORATUS FLOWER1
LATHYRUS SATIVAS SEED7
LATHYRUS SATIVUS WHOLE1
LATRODECTUS MACTANS18
LAURAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE1
LAURAMIDOPROPYLAMINE OXIDE1
LAURETH-7An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.1
LAUROCAPRAM1
LAUROYLLEVOCARNITINE1
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWER2
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA SUBSP. ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWER5
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA SUBSP. ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWERING TOP1
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA SUBSP. PYRENAICA WHOLE1
LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA WHOLE1
LAVANDULA STOECHAS FLOWERING TOP1
LAVENDER OIL1
LAWSONIA INERMIS FLOWERING TOP1
LCZ-6961
LEADA soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.155
LEAD ACETATE ANHYDROUS4
LEAD CARBONATE4
LEAD CHLORIDE1
LEAD IODIDE11
LEAD MONOSILICATE3
LEAD SULFIDE7
LEBRIKIZUMAB2
LECANEMAB3
LECITHIN, SOYBEAN8
LEDIKITE1
LEDIPASVIR9
LEDUM PALUSTRE TWIG96
LEDUM PALUSTRE WHOLE3
LEFAMULIN ACETATE3
LEFLUNOMIDEAn isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.This medication is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, a condition in which the body's defense system (immune system) fails to recognize the body as itself and attacks the healthy tissues around the joints. Leflunomide helps to reduce the joint damage/pain/swelling and helps you to move better. It works by weakening your immune system and decreasing swelling (inflammation).43
LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILAA species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.4
LEMBOREXANT4
LEMNA MINOR11
LEMNA MINOR WHOLE1
LEMON13
LEMON BALM OIL1
LEMON JUICE23
LEMON OIL1
LEMON PEEL1
LENACAPAVIR1
LENACAPAVIR SODIUM4
LENALIDOMIDEA phthalimide and piperidone derivative that has immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic properties. It is used for the treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia in MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES, and for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA, and relapsed or refractory MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA.Lenalidomide is used to treat various types of cancers. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It is also used to treat anemia in patients with certain blood/bone marrow disorders (myelodysplastic syndromes-MDS). Lenalidomide may lessen the need for blood transfusions. Lenalidomide is not recommended for the treatment of a certain type of cancer (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) because of the increased risk of serious heart-related side effects and death. If you have this type of cancer, talk to your doctor about the risks of using this medication.95
LENIOLISIB PHOSPHATE1
LENOGRASTIMA recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that is used to treat or prevent NEUTROPENIA in patients receiving myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy, for the preparation and collection of blood progenitor cells in PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and in the treatment of severe congenital neutropenia. Component 1 and Component 2 differ by absence or presence of Neu5Ac in 2-6 linkage to GalNAc side chain.4
LENTILA plant genus of the FABACEAE family known for the seeds used as food.4
LENVATINIB11
LENVATINIB MESYLATEThis medication is used to treat cancer. Lenvatinib belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM FLOWER1
LEONTOPODIUM NIVALE SUBSP. ALPINUM WHOLE1
LEONURUS CARDIACA3
LEONURUS CARDIACA FLOWERING TOP2
LEONURUS CARDIACA WHOLE8
LEONURUS SIBIRICUS LEAF1
LERCANIDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE2
LESINURADLesinurad is used with another medication (such as allopurinol, febuxostat) to lower uric acid levels in people with gout. It works by helping the kidneys get rid of uric acid from the body. Increased uric acid levels can cause gout.1
LESPEDEZA CAPITATA FLOWERING TOP2
LESSER GALANGAL ROOT2
LETERMOVIRThis medication is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV) in people who have received a bone marrow transplant. CMV disease can lead to serious infections in the body, including an infection in the eye, called CMV retinitis, that can cause blindness. Letermovir is an anti-viral drug. It works by stopping the growth of the virus.7
LETROZOLEA triazole and benzonitrile derivative that is a selective non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, similar to ANASTROZOLE. It is used in the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.This medication is used to treat certain types of breast cancer (such as hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer) in women after menopause. Letrozole is also used to help prevent the cancer from returning. Some breast cancers are made to grow faster by a natural hormone called estrogen. Letrozole decreases the amount of estrogen the body makes and helps to slow or reverse the growth of these breast cancers.25
LETTUCE3
LEUCANTHEMUM VULGARE POLLEN5
LEUCANTHEMUM VULGARE WHOLE1
LEUCINEAn essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.61
LEUCONOSTOC/RADISH ROOT FERMENT FILTRATE1
LEUCOVORINThe active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS.1
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUMThis medication is used to treat or prevent serious blood cell disorders (such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia) caused by certain drugs (folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine). It may also be used with a certain cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) to treat patients with colon cancer. Leucovorin may also be used to treat a certain type of anemia (due to folic acid deficiency) when folic acid cannot be taken by mouth.73
LEUPROLIDEA potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.3
LEUPROLIDE ACETATEA potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.Leuprolide is used to treat advanced prostate cancer in men. It is not a cure. Most types of prostate cancer need the male hormone testosterone to grow and spread. Leuprolide works by reducing the amount of testosterone that the body makes. This helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells and helps relieve symptoms such as painful/difficult urination. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment.62
LEUPROLIDE MESYLATE2
LEUZEA CARTHAMOIDES ROOT1
LEVALBUTEROLThe R-isomer of albuterol.3
LEVALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDEThe R-isomer of albuterol.35
LEVALBUTEROL SULFATE1
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATELevalbuterol is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused by breathing problems (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). It is a quick-relief drug. Levalbuterol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This drug is not approved for use in children younger than 4 years due to increased risk of side effects (such as unusual fast breathing, worsening asthma). Ask your doctor or pharmacist for details.8
LEVAMISOLE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)8
LEVAMISOLE PHOSPHATE1
LEVAMLODIPINE MALEATE2
LEVANT COTTON SEED1
LEVETIRACETAMA pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.Levetiracetam is used to treat seizures (epilepsy). It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants. Levetiracetam may decrease the number of seizures you have.345
LEVISTICUM OFFICINALEA plant genus of the family APIACEAE.2
LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE LEAF1
LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE ROOT20
LEVMETAMFETAMINE9
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEThe L-Isomer of bunolol.3
LEVOBUPIVACAINES-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.2
LEVOBUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDES-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.1
LEVOCABASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
LEVOCARNITINEA constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.This medication is used to prevent and treat low blood levels of carnitine. Carnitine is a substance made in the body from meat and dairy products. It helps the body use certain chemicals (long-chain fatty acids) for energy and to keep you in good health. Low blood levels of carnitine may occur in people whose bodies cannot properly use carnitine from their diets, people on dialysis due to serious kidney disease, and people being treated with certain drugs (e.g., valproic acid, zidovudine). Carnitine levels that are too low can cause liver, heart, and muscle problems. The injectable form of this drug is recommended if you have serious kidney disease (e.g., ESRD/dialysis) because high doses of the form taken by mouth may increase the risk of serious side effects. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details.28
LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDELevocetirizine is an antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, and sneezing. It is also used to relieve itching and hives. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction. Levocetirizine does not prevent hives or prevent/treat a serious allergic reaction (such as anaphylaxis). If your doctor has prescribed epinephrine to treat allergic reactions, always carry your epinephrine injector with you. Do not use levocetirizine in place of your epinephrine.94
LEVODOPAThe naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.This medication is used when needed to treat the return of Parkinson's symptoms (known as OFF episodes) in people with Parkinson's disease who are treated with carbidopa/levodopa medicines. Parkinson's disease tends to worsen over time, and you may need extra levodopa from time to time to keep symptoms (such as shakiness, stiffness, difficulty moving) from returning. This medication does not replace your regular carbidopa/levodopa medicine. Keep taking your carbidopa/levodopa medicine regularly as directed by your doctor. Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by too little of a naturally occurring substance (dopamine) in the brain. Levodopa changes into dopamine in the brain, helping to control movement.177
LEVOFLOXACINThe L-isomer of Ofloxacin.Levofloxacin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.159
LEVOKETOCONAZOLE4
LEVOLEUCOVORINA folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.This medication is used to treat or prevent serious blood cell disorders (such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia) caused by certain drugs (folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine). Some brands may also be used with a certain cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) to treat patients with colon cancer.2
LEVOLEUCOVORIN CALCIUMThis medication is used to treat or prevent serious blood cell disorders (such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia) caused by certain drugs (folic acid antagonists such as methotrexate, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine). Some brands may also be used with a certain cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) to treat patients with colon cancer.22
LEVOLEUCOVORIN DISODIUM1
LEVOMEFOLATE CALCIUMFolic acid is the man-made form of folate. Folate is a B-vitamin naturally found in some foods. It is needed to form healthy cells, especially red blood cells. Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L-methylfolate, levomefolate, methyltetrahydrofolate). They are used to treat or prevent low folate levels. Low folate levels can lead to certain types of anemia. Conditions that can cause low folate levels include poor diet, pregnancy, alcoholism, liver disease, certain stomach/intestinal problems, kidney dialysis, among others. Women of childbearing age should receive adequate amounts of folic acid either through their diet or supplements to prevent infant spinal cord birth defects.19
LEVOMEFOLATE GLUCOSAMINE3
LEVOMEFOLATE MAGNESIUM2
LEVOMEFOLIC ACID7
LEVOMENOL2
LEVOMENTHOL74
LEVOMILNACIPRAN HYDROCHLORIDEThe (1S,2R)-isomer of milnacipran that is used for the treatment of MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.18
LEVONORDEFRINA norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.1
LEVONORGESTRELA synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.Levonorgestrel is used by women to prevent pregnancy after birth control failure (such as a broken condom) or unprotected sex. This medication is an emergency contraceptive and should not be used as a regular form of birth control. It is a progestin hormone that works mainly by preventing the release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle. It also makes vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. Using this medication will not stop an existing pregnancy or protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia). This medication may not work well in women over a certain weight (for example, greater than 164 pounds or 74 kilograms), or if you have used certain other medications within the past month. This effect can result in pregnancy. Talk to your doctor for more details and to see if this medication is right for you (see also Drug Interactions section). Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.81
LEVONORGESTREL ACETATE1
LEVONORGESTREL BUTYRATE1
LEVORPHANOL TARTRATEA narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.This medication is used to treat moderate to severe pain. Levorphanol is an opioid pain reliever. It acts on certain centers in the brain to give you pain relief.11
LEVOTHYROXINE43
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUMThe major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.Levothyroxine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as certain types of goiters, thyroid cancer). This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.558
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM ANHYDROUS22
LEYMUS CONDENSATUS POLLEN4
LICORICE7
LIDOCAINEA local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.This product is used to help reduce itching and pain from certain skin conditions (such as scrapes, minor skin irritations, insect bites). It may also be used to help relieve nerve pain after shingles (infection with herpes zoster virus). Lidocaine belongs to a class of drugs known as local anesthetics. It works by causing a temporary loss of feeling in the area where you apply the patch.605
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.642
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS91
LIFILEUCEL1
LIFITEGRASTThis medication is used to treat dry eye disease.17
LIGHT GREEN SF YELLOWISH1
LIGHT MINERAL OIL6
LIGUSTICUM PORTERI ROOT9
LIGUSTICUM SINENSE SUBSP. CHUANXIONG ROOT2
LIGUSTRUM LUCIDUM WHOLE3
LIGUSTRUM VULGARE POLLEN40
LIGUSTRUM VULGARE WHOLE1
LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM BULB2
LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM FLOWERING TOP4
LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM WHOLE2
LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM WHOLE FLOWERING66
LILIUM LONGIFLORUM BULB9
LIMA BEAN4
LIME (CALCIUM OXIDE)1
LIMONENE, (+)-13
LIMONENE, (+/-)-1
LIMOSILACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUMA species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria associated with DENTAL CARIES.12
LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS2
LINACLOTIDESee also Warning section. Linaclotide is used to treat certain types of bowel problems (irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, chronic idiopathic constipation). It works by increasing fluid in your intestines and helping speed up movement of food through the gut. Linaclotide may improve stool texture and lessen symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, straining, and feelings of incomplete bowel movements. This medication must not be used in children younger than 6 years because of the risk of serious side effects.14
LINAGLIPTINA purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.Linagliptin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used by people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Linagliptin is a diabetes drug that works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins. Incretins help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal. They also decrease the amount of sugar your liver makes.32
LINALOOL, (+/-)-9
LINCOMYCINAn antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.2
LINCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEAn antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.17
LINDEN LEAF1
LINEZOLIDAn oxazolidinone and acetamide derived ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENT and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS of the skin and respiratory tract.Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat certain serious bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Linezolid also belongs to a class of drugs known as MAO inhibitors. It can increase the levels of certain natural substances in the body (such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) which can increase the chance of certain side effects and food and drug interactions. See How to Use, Side Effects, and Drug Interactions sections for more details.59
LINOLEIC ACIDA doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)3
LINOLENIC ACID3
LINUM CATHARTICUM2
LINZAGOLIX CHOLINE1
LIOTHYRONINE39
LIOTHYRONINE SODIUMA T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.Liothyronine is used to treat an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally made by the thyroid gland. Liothyronine is a man-made form of thyroid hormone. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone helps you stay healthy. For children, having enough thyroid hormone helps them grow and learn normally. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid problems (such as certain types of goiters, thyroid cancer). It can also be used to test for certain types of thyroid disease. This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels.58
LIQUID PETROLEUM12
LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA POLLEN47
LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA RESIN1
LIRAGLUTIDEAn analog of GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 and agonist of the GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR that is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT and supplemental therapy in the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS by patients who do not respond to METFORMIN.This medication is used with a doctor-approved exercise, behavior change, and reduced-calorie diet program to help you lose weight. It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight-related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with obesity, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and a shorter life. Liraglutide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by controlling your appetite.24
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATEA dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.Lisdexamfetamine is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as part of a total treatment plan, including psychological, social, and other treatments. It may help to increase the ability to pay attention, stay focused, and stop fidgeting. Lisdexamfetamine may also be used to treat binge eating disorder (BED). It may help to reduce the number of binge eating days. This medication is a stimulant. It is thought to work by restoring the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication is not recommended for use for weight loss due to the risk of serious side effects.120
LISINOPRILOne of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Lisinopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.439
LISOCABTAGENE MARALEUCEL LENTIVIRUS VECTOR1
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESA species of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. It has been isolated from sewage, soil, silage, and from feces of healthy animals and man. Infection with this bacterium leads to encephalitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and abortion.5
LITHIUMAn element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.This medication is used to treat manic-depressive disorder (bipolar disorder). It works to stabilize the mood and reduce extremes in behavior by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Some of the benefits of continued use of this medication include decreasing how often manic episodes occur and decreasing the symptoms of manic episodes, such as exaggerated feelings of well-being, feelings that others wish to harm you, irritability, anxiousness, rapid/loud speech, and aggressive/hostile behaviors.13
LITHIUM BENZOATE2
LITHIUM BROMIDE13
LITHIUM CARBONATEA lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.This medication is used to treat manic-depressive disorder (bipolar disorder). It works to stabilize the mood and reduce extremes in behavior by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Some of the benefits of continued use of this medication include decreasing how often manic episodes occur and decreasing the symptoms of manic episodes, such as exaggerated feelings of well-being, feelings that others wish to harm you, irritability, anxiousness, rapid/loud speech, and aggressive/hostile behaviors.137
LITHIUM CHLORIDEA salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.10
LITHIUM CITRATEThis medication is used to treat manic-depressive disorder (bipolar disorder). It works to stabilize the mood and reduce extremes in behavior by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Some of the benefits of continued use of this medication include decreasing how often manic episodes occur and decreasing the symptoms of manic episodes, such as exaggerated feelings of well-being, feelings that others wish to harm you, irritability, anxiousness, rapid/loud speech, and aggressive/hostile behaviors.1
LITHIUM FLUORIDE8
LITHIUM IODATE8
LITHIUM OXIDE8
LITHIUM PHOSPHATE17
LITHIUM SULFATE8
LITHOSPERMUM ERYTHRORHIZON WHOLE1
LITSEA CUBEBA FRUIT2
LIXISENATIDELixisenatide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Lixisenatide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by causing insulin release in response to high sugar levels (such as after a meal) and decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes. Lixisenatide is not a substitute for insulin if you require insulin treatment.1
LL-373
LOBARIA PULMONARIA60
LOBELIA INFLATAA plant genus of the family CAMPANULACEAE used medicinally and is a source of LOBELINE.55
LOBELIA INFLATA WHOLE14
LOBELIA SPICATA LEAF8
LOBSTER, UNSPECIFIED1
LODOXAMIDE1
LODOXAMIDE TROMETHAMINEThis medication is used to treat certain allergic eye conditions (vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, vernal keratitis). It prevents itching of the eyes that can occur with these conditions. Lodoxamide is known as a mast cell stabilizer. It works by blocking certain natural substances (histamine, leukotriene) that cause allergic symptoms.1
LOESELIA MEXICANA TOP1
LOESELIA MEXICANA WHOLE5
LOFEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE7
LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM POLLEN28
LOLIUM PERENNE POLLEN50
LOLIUM PERENNE TOP2
LOMATIUM DISSECTUM ROOT33
LOMATIUM DISSECTUM WHOLE1
LOMITAPIDE MESYLATEThis medication is used along with a low-fat diet and other treatments for a certain inherited condition that causes very high cholesterol levels (homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia). Very high cholesterol levels increase your risk of developing heart and blood vessel disease. Lomitapide works by decreasing your body's production of cholesterol.21
LOMUSTINEAn alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.This medication is used to treat various types of cancer. Lomustine belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
LONAFARNIB4
LONAPEGSOMATROPIN9
LONAPEGSOMATROPIN-TCGD1
LONCASTUXIMAB TESIRINE2
LONG PEPPERA plant genus of the family PIPERACEAE that includes species used for spicy and stimulating qualities.2
LONG-(ARG3)INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I2
LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM FLOWER13
LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM FLOWERING TOP3
LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM WHOLE2
LONICERA JAPONICA FLOWER2
LONICERA JAPONICA TOP1
LONICERA JAPONICA WHOLE1
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDEOne of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.241
LOPHOPHYTUM LEANDRII3
LOPINAVIRAn HIV protease inhibitor used in a fixed-dose combination with RITONAVIR. It is also an inhibitor of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.25
LORATADINEA second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.This medication is an antihistamine that treats symptoms such as itching, runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing from "hay fever" and other allergies. It is also used to relieve itching from hives. Loratadine does not prevent hives or prevent/treat a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Therefore, if your doctor has prescribed epinephrine to treat allergic reactions, always carry your epinephrine injector with you. Do not use loratadine in place of your epinephrine. If you are self-treating with this medication, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist. (See also Precautions section.) If you are using the tablets or capsules, do not use in children younger than 6 years unless directed by the doctor. If you are using the liquid or chewable tablets, do not use in children younger than 2 years unless directed by the doctor.451
LORAZEPAMA benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.This medication is used to treat serious seizures that do not stop (status epilepticus). It is also used before surgeries or procedures to cause drowsiness, decrease anxiety, and cause forgetfulness about the procedure or surgery. Lorazepam belongs to a class of medications called benzodiazepines, which produce a calming effect on the brain and nerves (central nervous system). It is thought to work by increasing the effect of a certain natural chemical (GABA) in the brain.146
LORCASERIN1
LORCASERIN HYDROCHLORIDE HEMIHYDRATE4
LORLATINIBLorlatinib is used to treat a certain type of lung cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.5
LORMETAZEPAM1
LOSARTAN POTASSIUMAn antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to help protect the kidneys from damage due to diabetes. It is also used to lower the risk of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Losartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.357
LOTEPREDNOL ETABONATEAn androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.This medication is used to temporarily relieve seasonal allergy symptoms of the eyes such as swelling, redness, and itching. Loteprednol belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids.31
LOTILANER1
LOVASTATINA fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.Lovastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.91
LOVOTIBEGLOGENE AUTOTEMCEL1
LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY1
LOXAPINEAn antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.Loxapine is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce aggression and the desire to hurt yourself/others. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (such as hearing/seeing things that are not there). Loxapine is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (such as dopamine) in the brain.2
LOXAPINE SUCCINATEAn antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.Loxapine is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce aggression and the desire to hurt yourself/others. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (such as hearing/seeing things that are not there). Loxapine is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (such as dopamine) in the brain.30
LOXOPROFEN1
LOXOPROFEN SODIUM DIHYDRATE1
LOXOSCELES RECLUSAA spider of the genus Loxosceles, found in the midwestern and other parts of the United States, which carries a hemolytic venom that produces local necrosis or ulceration.2
LUBABEGRON FUMARATE1
LUBIPROSTONEMember of a bicyclic fatty acid class of compounds derived from PROSTAGLANDIN E1 involved in chloride channel gating.This medication is used to treat certain types of constipation (chronic idiopathic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation). Chronic idiopathic constipation has an unknown cause and is not due to diet, other diseases, or drugs. Lubiprostone is also used to treat constipation caused by opioid medications in people with ongoing pain due to medical conditions other than cancer. This medication may improve symptoms such as bloating and abdominal discomfort, improve stool texture, lessen the need to strain, and decrease the feeling of not completely relieving oneself. Lubiprostone belongs to a class of drugs known as chloride channel activators. It works by increasing the amount of fluid within your intestines, making the passage of stool easier.44
LUFENURON3
LUFFA ACUTANGULA FRUIT2
LUFFA OPERCULATA FRUIT53
LUFFA OPERCULATA WHOLE2
LULICONAZOLELuliconazole is used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm. Luliconazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of the fungus.4
LUMACAFTOR9
LUMASIRAN3
LUMATEPERONE5
LUMATEPERONE TOSYLATE5
LUMEFANTRINEA fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).4
LURASIDONEA thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.3
LURASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDEA thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.151
LURBINECTEDIN4
LUSPATERCEPT5
LUSUTROMBOPAGThis medication is used by people with chronic liver disease and a certain blood disorder (low platelet count) who are scheduled to have a medical or dental procedure. Having a low platelet count increases the risk of too much bleeding during certain procedures. This medication increases the production of platelets by your body to help prevent too much bleeding from the procedure.3
LUTEINA xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.3
LUTETIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.10
LUTETIUM CHLORIDE LU-1773
LUTETIUM LU-1773
LUTETIUM LU-177 VIPIVOTIDE TETRAXETAN1
LUTETIUM OXODOTREOTIDE LU-1771
LUTRELIN1
LYCOPERDON UTRIFORME FRUITING BODY40
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE665
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM WHOLE6
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUSA plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that contains rosmarinic acid and isopimarane diterpenoids and has been used in folk medicine for HYPERTHYROIDISM.37
LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS WHOLE9
LYCOSA TARANTULA35
LYGODIUM JAPONICUM SPORE1
LYSIMACHIA ARVENSIS WHOLE2
LYSIMACHIA CHRISTINAE WHOLE1
LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA1
LYSINEAn essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.35
LYSINE ACETATEAn essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.12
LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.12
LYSINE MONOHYDRATE2
LYTHRUM SALICARIA WHOLE1
LYTTA VESICATORIA141
MACADAMIA NUTA plant genus of the family PROTEACEAE that is the source of edible NUTS.1
MACIMORELIN1
MACIMORELIN ACETATE1
MACITENTANMacitentan is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). This condition is thought to be caused by increased levels of a certain natural substance (endothelin-1). This medication blocks the effects of endothelin-1, which helps decrease the blood pressure in the lungs, and reduces the risk of worsening of symptoms and hospital stays due to the disease.11
MACKEREL, UNSPECIFIED1
MACROPIPER METHYSTICUM ROOT14
MADECASSOSIDE1
MADIA ELEGANS WHOLE1
MAFENIDE ACETATEA sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.This medication is used alone or with other medications to help prevent and treat wound infections in patients with severe burns. Mafenide is a drug applied to the skin that belongs to a class of drugs known as sulfa antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria that may infect an open wound. Killing bacteria helps to promote wound healing and to decrease the risk of the bacteria spreading to surrounding skin or to the blood, thereby helping to prevent a serious blood infection (sepsis).6
MAFTIVIMAB2
MAFTIVIMAB-EBGN1
MAGALDRATE7
MAGALDRATE ANHYDROUS1
MAGNESITE4
MAGNESIUMA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).46
MAGNESIUM ACETATE1
MAGNESIUM ACETATE TETRAHYDRATE8
MAGNESIUM ARSENATE8
MAGNESIUM ASCORBATEA six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.1
MAGNESIUM ASPARTATEOne of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.2
MAGNESIUM BROMATE8
MAGNESIUM CARBONATEThis medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).93
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE HYDROXIDE6
MAGNESIUM CATION4
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDEMagnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys.This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).124
MAGNESIUM CITRATEThis product is used to clean stool from the intestines before surgery or certain bowel procedures (e.g., colonoscopy, radiography), usually with other products. It may also be used for relief of constipation. However, milder products (e.g., stool softeners, bulk-forming laxatives) should be used whenever possible for constipation. Magnesium citrate is a saline laxative that is thought to work by increasing fluid in the small intestine. It usually results in a bowel movement within 30 minutes to 3 hours.118
MAGNESIUM FLUORIDE11
MAGNESIUM GLUCONATEThis medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).26
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDEAn inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects.This medication is used for a short time to treat occasional constipation. It is a laxative (osmotic-type) that is thought to work by drawing water into the intestines, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. This medication is also used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach, or indigestion. It is an antacid that works by lowering the amount of acid in the stomach.364
MAGNESIUM IODIDE10
MAGNESIUM LACTATE DIHYDRATE1
MAGNESIUM L-THREONATE1
MAGNESIUM MONOETHYLFUMARATE2
MAGNESIUM NITRITE8
MAGNESIUM OROTATE DIHYDRATE3
MAGNESIUM OXIDEMagnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.This medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium. However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet. These situations include treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).75
MAGNESIUM OXYBATE2
MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC9
MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC TRIHYDRATE210
MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, UNSPECIFIED1
MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE, TRIBASIC, PENTAHYDRATE22
MAGNESIUM SALICYLATE12
MAGNESIUM STEARATE3
MAGNESIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS7
MAGNESIUM SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE152
MAGNESIUM SULFATE, UNSPECIFIED32
MAGNESIUM SULFATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM16
MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE1
MAGNOLIA DENUDATA FLOWER BUD1
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWER2
MAGNOLOL1
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIUM FRUITING TOP2
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIUM ROOT BARK11
MAHONIA AQUIFOLIUM WHOLE1
MAITAKEA member of the AGARICALES known for edible MUSHROOMS.1
MALATHIONA wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.This medication is used to treat head lice, tiny insects that infest and irritate your scalp. Malathion belongs to a class of drugs known as organophosphates. It works by paralyzing and killing lice and their eggs (nits).3
MALIC ACID30
MALMEA DEPRESSA BARK1
MALONDIALDEHYDEThe dialdehyde of malonic acid.1
MALTODEXTRIN2
MALTOOLIGOSYL GLUCOSIDE1
MALUS DOMESTICA FLOWER6
MALUS DOMESTICA ROOT1
MALUS DOMESTICA WHOLE1
MALUS PUMILA FLOWER4
MALUS PUMILA WHOLE1
MALUS SYLVESTRIS FLOWER6
MALUS SYLVESTRIS WHOLE1
MALVA NEGLECTA WHOLE3
MALVA SYLVESTRIS FLOWERING TOP1
MALVIN16
MAMMAL LIVER32
MANDRAGORA OFFICINARUM ROOT29
MANGAFODIPIR TRISODIUM1
MANGANESEA trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)54
MANGANESE ACETATE1
MANGANESE ACETATE TETRAHYDRATE22
MANGANESE BROMIDE8
MANGANESE CARBONATE10
MANGANESE CHLORIDE11
MANGANESE CITRATE DECAHYDRATE1
MANGANESE DIFLUORIDE16
MANGANESE DIOXIDE17
MANGANESE GLUCONATE29
MANGANESE GLUCONATE DIHYDRATE1
MANGANESE IODIDE8
MANGANESE NITRATE TETRAHYDRATE8
MANGANESE PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC18
MANGANESE SULFATE44
MANGIFERA INDICA POLLEN3
MANGOSTIN1
MANNITOLA diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.16
MANNOSE, D-6
MANSOA ALLIACEA BARK1
MANSOA ALLIACEA LEAF1
MAPROTILINE HYDROCHLORIDEA bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.1
MARALIXIBAT1
MARALIXIBAT CHLORIDE1
MARAVIROCA cyclohexane and triazole derivative that acts as an antagonist of the CCR5 RECEPTOR. It prevents infection by HIV-1 virus strains which use CCR5 as a co-receptor for membrane fusion and cellular entry.Maraviroc is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Maraviroc belongs to a class of drugs known as entry inhibitors. It works by blocking the HIV virus from infecting healthy immune cells (T-cells). Maraviroc is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.20
MARBOFLOXACIN3
MARGETUXIMAB1
MARIBAVIR2
MARINE COLLAGEN, SOLUBLE2
MAROPITANT CITRATE2
MARRUBIUM VULGAREA plant genus of the LAMIACEAE family that contains marrubiin (a labdane diterpene). It is known as a traditional medicinal for sore throat.5
MARRUBIUM VULGARE WHOLE1
MARSDENIA CONDURANGO BARK44
MARSDENIA CUNDURANGO WHOLE2
MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA156
MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA FLOWERING TOP5
MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA FLOWERING TOP OIL4
MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA WHOLE74
MATRICARIA RECUTITA158
MATRICARIA RECUTITA FLOWERING TOP3
MATRINE1
MAVACAMTEN10
MAVACOXIB1
MEASLES VIRUSThe type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.39
MEASLES VIRUS STRAIN ENDERS' ATTENUATED EDMONSTON LIVE ANTIGEN3
MEBENDAZOLEA benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.Mebendazole is used to treat intestinal worm infections such as pinworm, roundworm, and hookworm.10
MEBROFENIN5
MECAMYLAMINEA nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.1
MECAMYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE3
MECASERMIN8
MECHANO GROWTH FACTOR1
MECHLORETHAMINEA biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA.1
MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA biologic alkylating agent that exerts its cytotoxic effects by forming DNA ADDUCTS and DNA interstrand crosslinks, thereby inhibiting rapidly proliferating cells. The hydrochloride is an antineoplastic agent used to treat HODGKIN DISEASE and LYMPHOMA.1
MECLIZINEA histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.1
MECLIZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.188
MECLIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS3
MECLOFENAMATE SODIUMA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.Meclofenamate is used to relieve pain from various conditions (such as headache, muscle aches) and to decrease pain and blood loss from menstrual periods. It is also used to reduce fever and reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness caused by arthritis, bursitis, and gout attacks. Meclofenamate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This effect helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.5
MEDETOMIDINEAn agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.1
MEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.2
MEDICAGO SATIVA LEAF4
MEDICAGO SATIVA POLLEN8
MEDICAGO SATIVA WHOLE17
MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES8
MEDRONIC ACID2
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATEA synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.This medication is used to prevent pregnancy. Medroxyprogesterone is like a natural hormone made by the body. It works mainly by preventing the growth and release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle. It also makes vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. Medroxyprogesterone is also used to treat endometriosis. It works by lowering the amount of certain hormones in the body and decreasing the growth of abnormal tissues that cause endometriosis. This helps reduce pain and other symptoms. Using this medication does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia).79
MEFENAMIC ACIDA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.Mefenamic acid is used for the short-term treatment of mild to moderate pain from various conditions. It is also used to decrease pain and blood loss from menstrual periods. Mefenamic acid is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).11
MEFLOQUINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.7
MEGESTROL ACETATEMegestrol acetate is a progestogen with actions and uses similar to those of the progestogens in general. It also has anti-androgenic properties. It is given by mouth in the palliative treatment or as an adjunct to other therapy in endometrial carcinoma and in breast cancer. Megestrol acetate has been approved to treat anorexia and cachexia. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)Megestrol is used to treat loss of appetite and weight loss in people with AIDS. Improving your appetite and gaining weight may help you feel better and be more active. Megestrol is similar to a natural substance made by the body called progesterone.28
MEGLUMINE1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.1
MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI LEAF OIL5
MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI WHOLE3
MELALEUCA CITRINA POLLEN2
MELALEUCA QUINQUENERVIA POLLEN18
MELANIN SYNTHETIC (TYROSINE, PEROXIDE)1
MELANOTAN II1
MELARSOMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE2
MELATONINA biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.Melatonin has been used for short-term treatment of trouble sleeping (insomnia) due to sleep cycle disorders and time changes ("jet lag"). This product may help you fall asleep faster and decrease the number of times you awaken during the night. It may also help you sleep for a longer time. Melatonin is a substance that your body normally makes. It is thought to help your body's regular daily cycle, hormone production, and sleep patterns. Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details regarding the particular brand you use. The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.61
MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO FEATHER1
MELIA AZEDARACH FRUIT1
MELILOTUSA plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Molded yellow sweet clover hay, in which the coumarin of sweet clover is converted to DICOUMAROL, is the causative agent of a hemorrhagic disorder in cattle - "hemorrhagic sweet clover disease" and featured in the history of anticoagulant drug development.2
MELILOTUS ALBUS TOP8
MELILOTUS INDICUS SEED3
MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS TOP25
MELISSA OFFICINALISA plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE. The common names of beebalm or lemonbalm are also used for MONARDA.24
MELISSA OFFICINALIS LEAF3
MELISSA OFFICINALIS WHOLE2
MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS FEATHER7
MELOXICAMA benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.Meloxicam is used to treat arthritis. It reduces pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints. Meloxicam is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.153
MELPHALANAn alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as multiple myeloma, ovarian). Melphalan belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.5
MELPHALAN HYDROCHLORIDE15
MEMANTINEAMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.2
MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDEAMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.173
MENADIONE15
MENOTROPINSExtracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.This medication is used to treat certain fertility problems in women. It provides follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that help healthy ovaries to make eggs. This medication is usually used in combination with another hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin-hCG) to help you become pregnant by bringing about the growth and release of a mature egg (ovulation). This medication is not recommended for women whose ovaries no longer make eggs properly (primary ovarian failure).3
MENTHA ARVENSIS LEAF1
MENTHA ARVENSIS LEAF OIL3
MENTHA PIPERITAA plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that is the source of peppermint oil.33
MENTHA PIPERITA LEAF1
MENTHA PULEGIUM WHOLE1
MENTHA X PIPERITA WHOLE3
MENTHOLA monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.1914
MENTHOL, (+)-14
MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM444
MENTHONE 1,2-GLYCEROL KETAL, (+/-)-1
MENTHYL SALICYLATE, (+/-)-4
MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA3
MENYANTHES TRIFOLIATA WHOLE1
MEPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.24
MEPHITIS MEPHITIS ANAL GLAND FLUID7
MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)22
MEPOLIZUMABThis medication is used along with other medications to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you do your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Mepolizumab works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. Mepolizumab is also used to treat a certain immune system diseases (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis-EGPA, hypereosinophilic syndrome-HES). It helps to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath, runny nose, facial pain, tiredness) caused by these diseases. It works by decreasing the amount of certain white blood cells (eosinophils) which may cause these diseases. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.6
MEPROBAMATEA carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)This medication is used short-term to treat symptoms of anxiety and nervousness. It acts on certain centers of the brain to help calm your nervous system.10
MERADIMATE17
MERCAPTOPURINEAn antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.This medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (acute lymphocytic leukemia). It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of mercaptopurine, especially when used in children and young adults.9
MERCURIALIS ANNUA FLOWERING TOP1
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS9
MERCURIALIS PERENNIS WHOLE1
MERCURIC ARSENATE8
MERCURIC CATION2
MERCURIC CHLORIDEMercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.113
MERCURIC CYANIDE35
MERCURIC IODIDE27
MERCURIC OXIDE15
MERCURIC SULFATE9
MERCURIC SULFIDE43
MERCURIUS SOLUBILIS201
MERCUROUS ACETATE8
MERCUROUS BROMIDE7
MERCUROUS IODIDE20
MERCURYA silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.109
MERIONES UNGUICULATUS SKIN7
MEROPENEMA thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.Meropenem is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a carbapenem-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.40
MESALAMINEAn anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)This medication is used to treat a certain bowel disease (ulcerative colitis). It helps to reduce symptoms of ulcerative colitis such as diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and stomach pain. Mesalamine belongs to a class of drugs known as aminosalicylates. It works by decreasing swelling in the colon.109
MESNAA sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.This medication is used to reduce the risk of bleeding in the bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis), which is a very serious side effect of treatment with a cancer chemotherapy drug called ifosfamide. Mesna helps to protect the lining of the bladder against damage from ifosfamide. The body breaks down ifosfamide to form a product that can harm the bladder, and mesna works by making this product less harmful. However, mesna does not change ifosfamide's anti-cancer effects.12
MESOCRICETUS AURATUS HAIR1
MESOCRICETUS AURATUS SKIN10
MESTRANOLThe 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.1
METACRESOL2
METAPROTERENOL SULFATEA beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.Metaproterenol is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath from lung problems (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, emphysema). Controlling these symptoms can decrease time lost from work or school. Metaproterenol belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. This drug is also known as orciprenaline in other countries.1
METARAMINOL BITARTRATEA sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.2
METAXALONEMetaxalone is used to treat muscle spasms/pain. It is usually used along with rest, physical therapy, and other treatment.70
METENKEFALIN5
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDEA biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)647
METHACHOLINE CHLORIDEA quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)Methacholine is used as a test to determine whether you may have asthma. It is a cholinergic drug that causes wheezing and shortness of breath.2
METHADONEA synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)1
METHADONE HYDROCHLORIDEA synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)66
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.5
METHAZOLAMIDEA carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to certain types of glaucoma. Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness, vision loss, and nerve damage. Methazolamide belongs to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the production of fluid inside the eye.32
METHENAMINEAn anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173)28
METHENAMINE HIPPURATEMethenamine is used to prevent or control returning urinary tract infections caused by certain bacteria. It is not used to treat an active infection. Other antibiotics must be used first to treat and cure the infection. Methenamine is an antibiotic that stops the growth of bacteria in urine. This medication also contains an ingredient that helps to make the urine acidic. When the urine is acidic, methenamine turns into formaldehyde to kill the bacteria. This antibiotic is effective only against bacterial infections in the urinary tract. It will not work for other types of bacterial infections (such as in the blood) or for viral infections (such as the common cold or flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.14
METHENAMINE MANDELATEMethenamine is used to prevent or control returning urinary tract infections caused by certain bacteria. It is not used to treat an active infection. Other antibiotics must be used first to treat and cure the infection. Methenamine is an antibiotic that stops the growth of bacteria in urine. This medication also contains an ingredient that helps to make the urine acidic. When the urine is acidic, methenamine turns into formaldehyde to kill the bacteria. This antibiotic is effective only against bacterial infections in the urinary tract. It will not work for other types of bacterial infections (such as in the blood) or for viral infections (such as the common cold or flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.7
METHIMAZOLEA thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.Methimazole is used to treat overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). It works by stopping the thyroid gland from making too much thyroid hormone.47
METHIONINEA sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.67
METHIONYL ASPARTYL HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE1
METHOCARBAMOLA centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206)Methocarbamol is used to treat muscle spasms/pain. It is usually used along with rest, physical therapy, and other treatment. It works by helping to relax the muscles.194
METHOHEXITALAn intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.1
METHOHEXITAL SODIUMAn intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.1
METHOPRENEJuvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.1
METHOTREXATEAn antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.Methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer or to control severe psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis that has not responded to other treatments. It may also be used to control juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate belongs to a class of drugs known as antimetabolites. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells and suppressing the immune system. Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with more aggressive therapy such as methotrexate helps to reduce further joint damage and to preserve joint function.26
METHOTREXATE SODIUMAn antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.Methotrexate is used to treat certain types of cancer or to control severe psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis that has not responded to other treatments. It may also be used to control juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate belongs to a class of drugs known as antimetabolites. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells and suppressing the immune system. Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with more aggressive therapy such as methotrexate helps to reduce further joint damage and to preserve joint function.48
METHOXSALENA naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.This medication is used along with controlled ultraviolet light (UVA) to help control severe psoriasis. Methoxsalen works by making the skin more sensitive to UVA light. This combination helps to slow the overgrowth of skin cells. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years.4
METHOXY POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-EPOETIN BETA9
METHSCOPOLAMINE BROMIDEMethscopolamine is used with other drugs to treat a certain type of stomach/intestinal ulcer (peptic ulcer). This medication may help relieve stomach/abdominal pain. However, it has not been shown to be effective in healing these ulcers, preventing them from returning, or preventing other problems caused by ulcers. Methscopolamine works by decreasing the amount of acid in the stomach. It also slows the natural movements of the gut and relaxes the muscles in the stomach/intestines. Methscopolamine belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics.14
METHSUXIMIDEThis medication is used alone or with other medications to prevent and control a certain type of seizure (absence or petit mal seizure). It works by controlling the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that occurs during a seizure.3
METHYCLOTHIAZIDEA thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)This medication is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Methyclothiazide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes your body to get rid of extra salt and water. This increases the amount of urine you make. This medication also reduces extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Getting rid of extra water helps to reduce fluid in the lungs so that you can breathe easier. It also helps to decrease swelling of the arms, legs, and stomach/abdomen.1
METHYL ALCOHOLA colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.5
METHYL AMINOLEVULINATE HYDROCHLORIDE1
METHYL ETHYL KETONE1
METHYL NICOTINATE4
METHYL SALICYLATE587
METHYLCELLULOSE (1500 CPS)4
METHYLCELLULOSE (4000 CPS)6
METHYLCELLULOSE (4000 MPA.S)19
METHYLCELLULOSE, UNSPECIFIED1
METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE1
METHYLCOBALAMIN40
METHYLDOPAAn alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Methyldopa works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.5
METHYLENE BLUEA compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.31
METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS2
METHYLENE CHLORIDEA chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.9
METHYLERGONOVINE MALEATEA homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)This medication is used after childbirth to help stop bleeding from the uterus. Methylergonovine belongs to a class of drugs known as ergot alkaloids. It works by increasing the rate and strength of contractions and the stiffness of the uterus muscles. These effects help to decrease bleeding.14
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE1
METHYLNALTREXONE BROMIDEThis medication is used to treat constipation caused by opioid medication. It blocks the effect of opioids on the gut without blocking the effect on pain. Methylnaltrexone belongs to a class of medications known as opioid antagonists.6
METHYLPARABEN16
METHYLPHENIDATEA central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.This medication is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Methylphenidate belongs to a class of drugs known as stimulants. It can help increase your ability to pay attention, stay focused on an activity, and control behavior problems. It may also help you to organize your tasks and improve listening skills.27
METHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDEA central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.300
METHYLPREDNISOLONEA PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.Methylprednisolone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, severe allergic reactions, certain cancers, eye conditions, skin/kidney/intestinal/lung diseases, and immune system disorders. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain, and allergic-type reactions. This medication is a corticosteroid hormone. Methylprednisolone may also be used with other medications in hormone disorders.81
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACEPONATE1
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATEMethylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.Methylprednisolone is used to treat pain and swelling that occurs with arthritis and other joint disorders. This medication may also be used to treat various conditions such as blood disorders, severe allergic reactions, certain cancers, eye conditions, skin/intestinal/kidney/lung diseases, and immune system disorders. It decreases your immune system's response to these conditions and reduces symptoms such as swelling, pain, and allergic-type reactions. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of methylprednisolone, especially if it is to be injected near your spine (epidural). Rare but serious side effects may occur with epidural use. Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid hormone. Methylprednisolone may also be used with other medications in hormone disorders.51
METHYLPREDNISOLONE HEMISUCCINATEA water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.6
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATEA water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.49
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SULEPTANATE2
METHYLPROPANEDIOL1
METHYLTESTOSTERONEA synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).This medication is used in men who do not make enough of a natural substance called testosterone. In males, testosterone is responsible for many normal functions, including growth and development of the genitals, muscles, and bones. It also helps cause normal sexual development (puberty) in boys. Methyltestosterone is similar to the natural testosterone produced by your body. It belongs to a class of drugs known as androgens. It works by affecting many body systems so that the body can develop and function normally. Methyltestosterone may also be used in certain adolescent boys to cause puberty in those with delayed puberty. It may also be used to treat certain types of breast cancer in women.22
METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDEA dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.60
METOLAZONEA quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.Metolazone is a "water pill" (diuretic) that increases the amount of urine you make, which causes your body to get rid of excess water. This drug is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication also reduces swelling/fluid retention (edema) which can result from conditions such as congestive heart failure or kidney disease. This can help to improve symptoms such as trouble breathing.56
METOPIMAZINE1
METOPROLOL SUCCINATEA selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.This medication is a beta-blocker used to treat chest pain (angina), heart failure, and high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This drug works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body (such as epinephrine) that affect the heart and blood vessels. This lowers heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.277
METOPROLOL TARTRATEA selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.Metoprolol is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat chest pain (angina) and to improve survival after a heart attack. Metoprolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your body, such as epinephrine, on the heart and blood vessels. This effect lowers the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.240
METRELEPTIN2
METRONIDAZOLEA nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.Metronidazole is an antibiotic that is used to treat a wide variety of infections. It works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria and parasites. This antibiotic treats only certain bacterial and parasitic infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Metronidazole may also be used with other medications to treat certain stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by a bacteria (H. pylori).197
METRONIDAZOLE BENZOATE3
METYRAPONEAn inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.Normally the pituitary gland in your brain sends signals to your adrenal glands to make a natural substance called cortisol. Cortisol is important for keeping your body functioning well and for good health. Metyrapone is used to test if your pituitary gland is sending the proper signals to your adrenal glands.3
METYROSINEAn inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)This medication is used to treat high blood pressure in people with a certain adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma). Metyrosine is used to prevent high blood pressure before and immediately after surgery to remove the tumor. It is also used long-term in people who cannot have the surgery. It is not used for other kinds of high blood pressure. Metyrosine prevents the tumor from making certain natural substances (catecholamines) that raise the blood pressure and make the heart beat faster. Lowering the amount of catecholamines lessens the risk of a very serious attack of high blood pressure (hypertensive crisis).7
MEVASTATIN3
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDEAntiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.59
MICAFUNGINA cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.4
MICAFUNGIN SODIUMA cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.This medication is used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It is also used to prevent fungal infections in patients who are having a stem cell transplant. Micafungin belongs to a class of drugs known as echinocandins. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.34
MICONAZOLEAn imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.This medication is used to treat fungal infection in the mouth or throat. Miconazole is known as an azole antifungal drug. It works by stopping the growth of fungus.10
MICONAZOLE NITRATEAn imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.This medication is used to treat vaginal yeast infections. Miconazole reduces vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that may occur with this condition. This medication is an azole antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of yeast (fungus) that causes the infection. The vaginal product comes in 2 forms (a vaginal cream or tablet). Some products also come with a skin cream to be applied to the area around the outside of the vagina. Ask your doctor before using this medication for self-treatment if this is your first vaginal infection. This medication only works for vaginal fungal infections. You may have a different type of infection (such as bacterial vaginosis) and may need a different medication. If you have fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, stomach/abdominal pain, or a bad-smelling vaginal discharge, do not use this medication. Contact your doctor right away because these may be signs of a more serious infection.242
MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE 1013
MICROSPORUM CANIS1
MICRURUS CORALLINUS VENOM24
MIDAZOLAMA short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.This medication is used by people with epilepsy to treat a certain type of serious seizure that doesn't stop (seizure clusters). Midazolam belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It may work by increasing the effect of a certain substance in your body (GABA), which helps calm the brain and nerves.14
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDEA short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.76
MIDAZOLAM MALEATEA short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.1
MIDD-03011
MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.98
MIDOSTAURINMidostaurin is used to treat certain types of blood cell cancer (acute myeloid leukemia-AML, mast cell leukemia-MCL) or an immune system disorder (mastocytosis). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells and certain immune system cells (mast cells).10
MIFEPRISTONEA progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.This medication is used to control high blood sugar in people who have a certain condition (Cushing's syndrome), and who have failed surgery or cannot have surgery to correct the condition. Cushing's syndrome is caused by the body producing too much of a certain hormone (cortisol) which can cause glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes. Mifepristone works by blocking the effects of cortisol.12
MIGALASTAT HYDROCHLORIDE4
MIGLITOLMiglitol is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Miglitol works in your intestines to slow the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates from foods that you eat. This effect helps lessen your blood sugar rise after a meal.7
MIGLUSTATMiglustat is used for the long-term treatment of a certain rare genetic problem (Gaucher's disease). It works by decreasing the amount of a certain natural fatty substance (glucosylceramide) that builds up due to this condition. This can help improve symptoms of Gaucher's disease, such as tiredness, pain in the joints/bones, and a swollen liver or spleen.10
MILBEMYCIN OXIME6
MILK THISTLE133
MILLETAn agronomic group especially of small-seeded grasses, mainly grown for human and animal consumption.8
MILNACIPRAN HYDROCHLORIDEA cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.19
MILRINONEA positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.4
MILRINONE LACTATEA positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.This medication is used for the short-term treatment of heart failure. It works by making your heart beat stronger and by relaxing certain blood vessels so that the amount of blood that is pumped from the heart is increased. This effect may help with symptoms of heart failure (such as shortness of breath, tiredness).33
MILTEFOSINEMiltefosine is used to treat a certain infection called leishmaniasis. It works by stopping the growth of certain parasites.2
MIMULUS GUTTATUS FLOWERING TOP14
MIMULUS GUTTATUS WHOLE2
MIMULUS RINGENS WHOLE2
MINERAL OILA mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.Mineral oil is used to treat constipation. It is known as a lubricant laxative. It works by keeping water in the stool and intestines. This helps to soften the stool and also makes it easier for stool to pass through the intestines. This medication should not be used in older adults, children younger than 6 years, or in people who are bedridden.153
MINOCYCLINEA TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.1
MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.173
MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE1
MINOXIDILA potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371)Minoxidil is used with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Minoxidil works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.290
MINQUARTIA GUIANENSIS BARK1
MINT1
MIRABEGRONThis medication is used to treat overactive bladder. Overactive bladder is a problem with how your bladder stores urine that causes a sudden urge to urinate. The urge may be hard to control, and overactive bladder symptoms may include frequent urination, strong sudden urges to urinate, or involuntary loss of urine (incontinence). Mirabegron works by relaxing a certain bladder muscle (detrusor), which helps the bladder hold more urine and lessens symptoms of overactive bladder.34
MIRABILIS JALAPA FLOWERING TOP1
MIRIKIZUMAB3
MIRIPIRIUM CHLORIDE1
MIRTAZAPINEA piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.Mirtazapine is used to treat depression. It improves mood and feelings of well-being. Mirtazapine is an antidepressant that works by restoring the balance of natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain.144
MIRTAZAPINE HEMIHYDRATE1
MIRVETUXIMAB SORAVTANSINE1
MIRVETUXIMAB SORAVTANSINE-GYNX1
MISOPROSTOLA synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.This medication is used to prevent stomach ulcers while you take NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen), especially if you are at risk for developing ulcers or have a history of ulcers. Misoprostol helps to decrease your risk of serious ulcer complications such as bleeding. This medication protects your stomach lining by lowering the amount of acid that comes in contact with it. This medication is also used in combination with another drug (mifepristone) to end a pregnancy (abortion).62
MITAPIVAT4
MITCHELLA REPENS1
MITOCHONDRIA-DERIVED PEPTIDE MOTS-C3
MITOMYCINAn antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.Mitomycin is used to treat various types of cancer (such as stomach/pancreas cancer). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.42
MITOTANEA derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.Mitotane is used to treat cancer of the adrenal glands. It works by slowing the growth of or killing adrenal gland cells and also decreases the amount of hormones made by the adrenal gland.8
MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.3
MIVACURIUM CHLORIDEAn isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.2
MOBOCERTINIB2
MOCKERNUT1
MODAFINILA benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.Modafinil reduces extreme sleepiness due to narcolepsy and other sleep disorders, such as periods of stopped breathing during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea). It is also used to help you stay awake during work hours if you have a work schedule that keeps you from having a normal sleep routine (shift work sleep disorder). This medication does not cure these sleep disorders and may not get rid of all your sleepiness. Modafinil does not take the place of getting enough sleep. It should not be used to treat tiredness or hold off sleep in people who do not have a sleep disorder. It is not known how modafinil works to keep you awake. It is thought to work by affecting certain substances in the brain that control the sleep/wake cycle.59
MOEXIPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE5
MOGAMULIZUMAB3
MOLINDONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)5
MOLNUPIRAVIR11
MOLYBDENUMA metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.50
MOLYBDENUM MO-992
MOLYBDENUM TRICHLORIDE8
MOMELOTINIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE4
MOMETASONEA pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.2
MOMETASONE FUROATEA pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.Mometasone is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed. Mometasone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school.77
MOMETASONE FUROATE MONOHYDRATEA pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.16
MOMORDICA BALSAMINA IMMATURE FRUIT12
MOMORDICA BALSAMINA WHOLE1
MONARDELLA ODORATISSIMA WHOLE1
MONOBASIC POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE2
MONOBENZONE1
MONOMETHYL FUMARATE5
MONOPHOSPHOTHIAMINE3
MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE2
MONTELUKAST10
MONTELUKAST ALCOHOL1
MONTELUKAST SODIUMMontelukast is used to control and prevent symptoms caused by asthma (such as wheezing and shortness of breath). It is also used before exercise to prevent breathing problems during exercise (bronchospasm). This medication can help decrease the number of times you need to use your quick relief inhaler. Montelukast is also used to relieve symptoms of hay fever and allergic rhinitis (such as sneezing, stuffy/runny/itchy nose). Since there are other allergy medications that may be safer (see also Warning section), this medication should be used for this condition only when you cannot take other allergy medications or they do not work well. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed. This drug works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that may cause or worsen asthma and allergies. It helps make breathing easier by reducing swelling (inflammation) in the airways.125
MORANTEL TARTRATEAntinematodal agent used mainly for livestock.1
MORAXELLA CATARRHALIS SUBSP. CATARRHALIS1
MORELLA CERIFERA POLLEN11
MORELLA CERIFERA ROOT BARK4
MORINDA CITRIFOLIA FRUIT1
MORINDA CITRIFOLIA LEAF2
MORPHINEThe principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.5
MORPHINE SULFATEThis medication is used to help relieve severe ongoing pain (such as due to cancer). Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It works in the brain to change how your body feels and responds to pain. The higher strengths of this drug (100 milligrams per capsule and higher) should be used only if you have been regularly taking moderate to large amounts of an opioid pain medication. These strengths may cause overdose (even death) if taken by a person who has not been regularly taking opioids. Do not use the sustained-action form of morphine to relieve pain that is mild or that will go away in a few days. This medication is not for occasional ("as needed") use.181
MORUS ALBA BARK1
MORUS ALBA LEAF1
MORUS ALBA POLLEN43
MORUS ALBA WHOLE3
MORUS RUBRA POLLEN40
MORUS RUBRA WHOLE1
MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS MUSK SAC RESIN11
MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS WHOLE2
MOSUNETUZUMAB3
MOTIXAFORTIDE ACETATE1
MOXETUMOMAB PASUDOTOX1
MOXIDECTIN15
MOXIFLOXACINA fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.This medication is a quinolone antibiotic used for eye infections.1
MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDEA fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.61
MOXIFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE13
MUCOR CIRCINELLOIDES F. CIRCINELLOIDES4
MUCOR CIRCINELLOIDES F. LUSITANICUS9
MUCOR PLUMBEUS30
MUCOR RACEMOSUS34
MUCUNA PRURIENS FRUIT TRICHOME33
MUCUNA PRURIENS SEED3
MUMPS VIRUSThe type species of RUBULAVIRUS that causes an acute infectious disease in humans, affecting mainly children. Transmission occurs by droplet infection.11
MUMPS VIRUS STRAIN B LEVEL JERYL LYNN LIVE ANTIGEN3
MUPIROCINA topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.Mupirocin is used to treat certain skin infections (such as impetigo). It is an antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria.39
MUPIROCIN CALCIUMA topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.Mupirocin is used to temporarily get rid of certain bacteria in the nose. This treatment is part of a program that lowers the risk of infection. Mupirocin is an antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria.18
MUS MUSCULUS HAIR3
MUS MUSCULUS SKIN11
MUSA ACUMINATA FRUIT1
MUSA X PARADISIACA FLOWER1
MUSCA DOMESTICA6
MUSK KETONE1
MUSKMELON1
MUSTARD SEED, UNSPECIFIED1
MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSP. PARATUBERCULOSIS2
MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEIA saprophytic bacterium widely distributed in soil and dust and on plants.1
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSISA species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.1
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETILCompound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.Mycophenolate is used in combination with other medications to keep your body from attacking and rejecting your transplanted organ (such as kidney, liver, heart). It belongs to a class of medications called immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new organ as if it were your own.84
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL HYDROCHLORIDECompound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.3
MYCOPHENOLATE SODIUMCompound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.Mycophenolate is used in combination with other medications to keep your body from attacking and rejecting your transplanted kidney. It belongs to a class of medications called immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new kidney as if it were your own.44
MYCOPHENOLIC ACIDCompound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.Mycophenolate is used in combination with other medications to keep your body from attacking and rejecting your transplanted kidney. It belongs to a class of medications called immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new kidney as if it were your own.7
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAEShort filamentous organism of the genus Mycoplasma, which binds firmly to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. It is one of the etiologic agents of non-viral primary atypical pneumonia in man.39
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE DNA1
MYOSOTIS ARVENSIS19
MYOSOTIS ARVENSIS WHOLE8
MYOSOTIS SYLVATICA FLOWERING TOP1
MYRICA CERIFERA POLLEN3
MYRISTICA FRAGRANS FRUIT1
MYRISTICA FRAGRANS WHOLE2
MYRISTOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-41
MYRRH97
MYRTUS COMMUNIS TOP5
N-(1(S)-ETHOXYCARBONYL-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANINE1
N-(3-((4-AMINO-6,7-DIMETHOXYQUINAZOLIN-2-YL)METHYLAMINO)PROPYL)FURAN-2-CARBOXAMIDE1
N,N-DIMETHYLGLYCINE2
N.ALPHA.-METHYLHISTAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE1
NABILONEThis medication is used to treat severe nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy). Nabilone is a man-made drug similar to the natural substances found in marijuana (cannabis). It is works by decreasing the signals in the brain that lead to nausea and vomiting.3
NABUMETONEA butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.Nabumetone is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.74
N-ACETYL SELANK1
N-ACETYL-DL-TRYPTOPHAN1
N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINEThe N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.4
N-ACETYLTYROSINE2
NADHA coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)1
NADIDE58
NADOFARAGENE FIRADENOVEC1
NADOLOLA non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.Nadolol is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and to prevent chest pain (angina). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. In the management of chest pain, nadolol may also help to reduce the frequency of chest pain episodes and improve your ability to exercise. Nadolol belongs to a class of medications called beta blockers. It works by blocking the action of certain natural substances such as adrenaline (epinephrine) on the heart and blood vessels. This results in a lowering of heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.58
NAFAMOSTAT MESYLATE1
NAFARELIN ACETATEA potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.Nafarelin is used in women to treat a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows in the wrong place (endometriosis). This medication helps to decrease the abnormal tissue and also the symptoms of endometriosis (such as pelvic pain, painful menstrual cramps, and pain during/after sex). This medication is also used in children to treat a certain type of early puberty (central precocious puberty, gonadotropin-dependent). It helps to slow the bone aging and height growth rate so that both are near normal, and it helps to stop or reverse signs of early puberty (such as breast growth in girls, growth of sexual organs in boys). Nafarelin is similar to a natural hormone made by the body (gonadotropin-releasing hormone-GnRH). It works by decreasing the testosterone hormones in boys and estrogen hormones in women and girls.2
NAFCILLIN SODIUMA semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a penicillin-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.33
NAFTIFINE HYDROCHLORIDE10
NAJA NAJA VENOM63
NAJA NAJA WHOLE2
NALBUPHINE HYDROCHLORIDEA narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.17
NALDEMEDINE TOSYLATEThis medication is used to treat constipation caused by opioid medication. It blocks the effect of opioids on the gut without blocking the effect on pain. Naldemedine belongs to a class of medications known as opioid antagonists.2
NALMEFENE HYDROCHLORIDE6
NALOXEGOL OXALATEThis medication is used to treat constipation caused by opioid medications in people with ongoing pain that is not caused by cancer. It blocks the effect of opioids on the gut without blocking the effect on pain. Naloxegol belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid antagonists.14
NALOXONEA specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.7
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDEA specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.107
NALOXONE HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE53
NALTREXONEDerivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.12
NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDEDerivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.56
NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE2
NANDROLONE DECANOATEDecanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.8
NAPHAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.65
NAPHTHA7
NAPHTHALENE21
NAPHTHOQUINE1
NAPROXENAn anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.Naproxen is used to relieve mild to moderate pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section. This form of naproxen is absorbed slowly and should not be used for pain that needs quick relief (such as during a gout attack). Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using a different form of this drug or other medications for quick relief of pain.203
NAPROXEN SODIUMAn anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.Naproxen is used to relieve pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness caused by arthritis, bursitis, and gout attacks. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section. Some brands of sustained-release naproxen take longer to be absorbed and are not recommended for pain that needs quick relief (such as during a gout attack). Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have questions about your particular brand.397
NARATRIPTAN HYDROCHLORIDE13
NARCISSUS PSEUDONARCISSUS1
NARCISSUS PSEUDONARCISSUS FLOWER2
NASTURTIUM OFFICINALEA plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. Nasturtium is also used as a common name for TROPAEOLUM. The common name of watercress is also used for RORIPPA & TROPAEOLUM. This is the most popular of the edible cresses, is a hardy creeping perennial plant, native to Europe but extensively naturalized elsewhere in moist places.79
NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE LEAF1
NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE WHOLE2
NATALIZUMABA humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 antibody to human INTEGRIN ALPHA4 that binds to the alpha4 subunit of INTEGRIN ALPHA4BETA1 and integrin alpha4beta7. It is used as an IMMUNOLOGIC FACTOR in the treatment of RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS and CROHN'S DISEASE.This medication is used to treat multiple sclerosis-MS. It is not a cure for MS, but it is thought to help by preventing your immune system from attacking the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. It helps decrease the number of episodes of worsening and may prevent or delay disability. Natalizumab is also used to treat a bowel condition called Crohn's disease (CD) when it is moderate to severe and/or keeps coming back. It is not a cure for CD, but it is thought to work by preventing your immune system from causing inflammation/swelling within your bowels. Natalizumab is a protein called a monoclonal antibody.1
NATAMYCINAmphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically.Natamycin is used to treat fungal eye infections. It works by stopping the growth of certain types of fungus. This medication treats only fungal eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any drug used to treat infection can lead to its decreased effectiveness.1
NATEGLINIDEA phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.Nateglinide is used alone or with other medications to control high blood sugar along with a proper diet and exercise program. It is used in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. It works by stimulating the body to produce more insulin. Insulin is a natural substance that allows the body to properly use sugar from the diet.30
NAXITAMAB2
N-BUTYL METHACRYLATE1
NEBIVOLOLA cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients.5
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA cardioselective ADRENERGIC BETA-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (beta-blocker) that functions as a VASODILATOR through the endothelial L-arginine/ NITRIC OXIDE system. It is used to manage HYPERTENSION and chronic HEART FAILURE in elderly patients.82
NECITUMUMABThis medication is used to treat lung cancer. Necitumumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by changing the action of your own immune system, directing it to attack cancer cells. This effect helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.3
NEDOCROMIL SODIUMA pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.This medication is used to treat itchy eyes due to allergies. Nedocromil works by reducing the release of natural substances in your body that cause an allergic reaction.3
NEDOSIRAN SODIUM3
NEFAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE6
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDISA species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.8
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP A CAPSULAR OLIGOSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B FHBP FUSION PROTEIN ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B NADA PROTEIN ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B NHBA FUSION PROTEIN ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B RECOMBINANT LP2086 A05 PROTEIN VARIANT ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B RECOMBINANT LP2086 B01 PROTEIN VARIANT ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP B STRAIN NZ98/254 OUTER MEMBRANE VESICLE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP C CAPSULAR OLIGOSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP C CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP C CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP W-135 CAPSULAR OLIGOSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP W-135 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP W-135 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP Y CAPSULAR OLIGOSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP Y CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN1
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS GROUP Y CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE TETANUS TOXOID CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
NELARABINEThis medication is used to treat certain cancers (leukemia, lymphoma). Nelarabine is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.16
NELFINAVIR MESYLATEA potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Nelfinavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. Nelfinavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.2
NELUMBO NUCIFERA FLOWER5
NEODYMIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.2
NEODYMIUM OXIDE26
NEOMYCINAminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis.1
NEOMYCIN SULFATEAminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It is composed of neomycins A, B, and C, and acts by inhibiting translation during protein synthesis.This medication is used to decrease the risk of infection after certain intestinal surgeries. Neomycin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria in the intestines. Neomycin may also be used along with a special diet to treat a certain serious brain problem (hepatic encephalopathy). This condition is caused by too much of a certain natural substance (ammonia). Normally, the liver gets rid of ammonia, but liver disease can cause too much ammonia to build up in the body. This medication helps treat encephalopathy by killing certain intestinal bacteria that make ammonia. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.367
NEONA noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.3
NEOPICRORHIZA SCROPHULARIIFLORA ROOT3
NEOSTIGMINE METHYLSULFATEA cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.74
NEPAFENACThis medication is used to relieve eye pain, irritation, and redness following cataract eye surgery. Nepafenac belongs to a class of drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It works by blocking certain natural substances (prostaglandins) in your body that cause pain and swelling.12
NEPETA TENUIFOLIA FLOWERING TOP1
NERATINIB MALEATENeratinib is used to treat breast cancer. Neratinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
NERINETIDE HYDROCHLORIDE1
NERIUM OLEANDER LEAF25
NERVE GROWTH FACTORNERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.1
NESIRITIDE1
NESIRITIDE CITRATE1
NETARSUDIL MESYLATENetarsudil is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to certain eye conditions (such as open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension). This medication is thought to work by increasing the flow of fluid out of the eye. This helps lower pressure inside the eye. Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent loss of vision or blindness.4
NETUPITANT3
NEUROSPORA INTERMEDIA10
NEUROSPORA SITOPHILA1
NEUROTROPHIN-3A neurotrophic factor involved in regulating the survival of visceral and proprioceptive sensory neurons. It is closely homologous to nerve growth factor beta and BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.2
NEUROTROPHIN-42
NEVIRAPINEA potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Nevirapine belongs to a class of drugs known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Nevirapine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. Nevirapine should not be used to prevent HIV infection after accidental exposure (such as needle sticks, blood/bodily fluid contact). Different HIV medications are used to prevent infection after exposure.20
NEVIRAPINE HEMIHYDRATEA potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.4
NIACINA water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.Niacin (nicotinic acid) is used to prevent and treat niacin deficiency (pellagra). Niacin deficiency may result from certain medical conditions (such as alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease), poor diet, or long-term use of certain medications (such as isoniazid). Niacin deficiency can cause diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin. Niacin is also known as vitamin B3, one of the B-complex vitamins. Vitamins help to support the body's ability to make and break down natural compounds (metabolism) needed for good health. Niacinamide (nicotinamide) is a different form of vitamin B3 and does not work the same as niacin. Do not substitute unless directed by your doctor. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.61
NIACINAMIDEAn important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake.Niacinamide (nicotinamide) is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) and is used to prevent and treat niacin deficiency (pellagra). Niacin deficiency can cause diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin. Niacinamide is often used instead of niacin because it causes fewer side effects (e.g., flushing). Unlike niacin, niacinamide does not help correct blood fat levels and cannot be substituted for niacin if you are being treated for a blood fat problem (e.g., high cholesterol). Niacin deficiency may happen as a result of poor diet, certain medical conditions (e.g., alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease), or long-term use of certain medications (e.g., isoniazid). It is best to get your vitamins from healthy foods. A multivitamin may be recommended by your doctor instead of niacinamide because poor diet usually causes deficiencies in more than one vitamin. Vitamins help to support the body's ability to make and break down natural substances (metabolism) and are needed for good health.274
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDEA potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.37
NICKELA trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.53
NICKEL ACETATE3
NICKEL AMMONIUM SULFATE8
NICKEL ARSENIDE8
NICKEL BROMIDE8
NICKEL CARBONATE HYDROXIDE TETRAHYDRATE10
NICKEL CHLORIDE8
NICKEL FLUORIDE8
NICKEL GLUCONATE1
NICKEL IODIDE8
NICKEL NITRATE8
NICKEL PHOSPHATE8
NICKEL SULFATE4
NICKEL SULFATE HEXAHYDRATE14
NICLOSAMIDEAn antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)3
NICLOSAMIDE-OLAMINE1
NICOTIANA TABACUM WHOLE1
NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.7
NICOTINENicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.This medication can help you quit smoking by replacing the nicotine in cigarettes. The nicotine in tobacco is an important part of cigarette addiction. When you stop smoking, your nicotine levels drop quickly. This drop can cause withdrawal symptoms such as craving tobacco, nervousness, irritability, headache, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. Stopping smoking is hard and your chance of success is best when you are ready and have made a commitment to quit. Nicotine replacement products are part of a total stop-smoking program that includes behavior change, counseling, and support. Smoking causes lung disease, cancer, and heart disease. Stopping smoking is one of the most important things you can do to improve your health and live longer.770
NICOTINE BITARTRATENicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.2
NICOTINE BITARTRATE ANHYDROUS1
NICOTINE SALICYLATE1
NIFEDIPINEA potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.This medication is used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Nifedipine belongs to a class of medications known as calcium channel blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.155
NIFURTIMOXA nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.2
NIGELLA SATIVA SEED1
NIGELLA SATIVA SEED OIL1
NIKKOMYCIN Z1
NILOTINIB5
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS2
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE2
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE6
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE SESQUIHYDRATE1
NILOTINIB TARTRATE1
NILOTINIB TRIFLUOROACETATE1
NILUTAMIDEThis medication is used to treat prostate cancer. Nilutamide belongs to a class of drugs known as anti-androgens (anti-testosterone). Testosterone, a natural hormone, helps prostate cancer to grow and spread. Nilutamide works by blocking the effects of testosterone, thereby slowing the growth and spread of prostate cancer.5
NIMESULIDE1
NIMODIPINEA calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.Nimodipine is used to decrease problems due to a certain type of bleeding in the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage-SAH). Nimodipine is called a calcium channel blocker. The body naturally responds to bleeding by narrowing the blood vessel to slow blood flow. However, when the bleeding is in the brain, stopping blood flow causes more brain damage. Nimodipine is thought to work by relaxing narrowed blood vessels in the brain near the area of bleeding so blood can flow more easily. This effect reduces brain damage.16
NINTEDANIB8
NINTEDANIB ESYLATEThis medication is used to treat certain types of lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis- IPF, interstitial lung disease). Both types of lung disease scar and stiffen your lungs, making it hard to breathe. Nintedanib may help slow down the worsening of your lung disease.8
NIOBIUMA metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.29
NIOBIUM PENTACHLORIDE8
NIOBIUM PENTAIODIDE8
NIRAPARIB4
NIRAPARIB TOSYLATE MONOHYDRATE13
NIRMATRELVIR5
NIROGACESTAT1
NIRSEVIMAB4
NISOLDIPINEA dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.Nisoldipine is used with or without other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Nisoldipine is called a calcium channel blocker. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.15
NITAZOXANIDEThis medication is used to treat diarrhea caused by certain parasite infections of the intestines (Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia).16
NITENPYRAM1
NITISINONENitisinone is used to treat a certain inherited disorder (hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, also known as HT-1). HT-1 is usually discovered in infants and needs lifelong treatment. This condition is caused by a shortage of a certain natural substance that is needed to break down a nutrient (tyrosine) found in food. This effect causes a build-up of too much tyrosine and related substances in the liver. Nitisinone works by helping to prevent the formation and build-up of several toxic substances that cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and nervous system. This drug must be used along with a diet low in protein, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.33
NITRIC ACIDNitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)163
NITRIC OXIDEA free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.26
NITROFURANTOINA urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat or prevent certain bladder infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. This medication should not be used in infants younger than 1 month old (see also Precautions section). This drug should not be used to treat infections outside the bladder (including kidney infections such as pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses).175
NITROFURANTOIN MONOHYDRATE89
NITROFURAZONEA topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.4
NITROGENAn element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.143
NITROGLYCERINA volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.This medication is used to relieve chest pain (angina) in people that have a certain heart condition (coronary artery disease). It may also be used before physical activities (such as exercise, sexual activity) to help prevent chest pain. Nitroglycerin belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates. Angina occurs when the heart muscle is not getting enough blood. This drug works by relaxing and widening blood vessels so blood can flow more easily to the heart.185
NITROSCANATE1
NITROUS OXIDENitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.47
NITROXINILProposed anthelmintic for fasciola and liver fluke infestations.1
NIVOLUMABA genetically engineered, fully humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the PD-1 RECEPTOR, activating an immune response to tumor cells. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with IPILIMUMAB for the treatment of advanced malignant MELANOMA. It is also used in the treatment of advanced or recurring NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER; RENAL CELL CARCINOMA; and HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA.Nivolumab is used to treat cancer. It works by changing the action of your own immune system, directing it to attack cancer cells. Nivolumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.10
NIZATIDINEA histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.Nizatidine is used to treat ulcers of the stomach and intestines and prevent them from coming back after they have healed. This medication is also used to treat certain stomach and throat (esophagus) problems (such as erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as cough that doesn't go away, stomach pain, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing. Nizatidine belongs to a class of drugs known as H2 blockers.9
N-METHYL AMISULPRIDE2
N-METHYLPAROXETINE1
NOMEGESTROL ACETATE3
NONAPEPTIDE-11
NONATHYMULINA thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation.4
NONI FRUIT JUICE1
NONIVAMIDE2
NONOXYNOL-9Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.2
NORADRENALINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
NORELGESTROMIN12
NOREPINEPHRINEPrecursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.9
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATEPrecursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.59
NORETHINDRONEA synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.This medication is used to prevent pregnancy. It is often referred to as the "mini-pill" because it does not contain any estrogen. Norethindrone (a form of progestin) is a hormone that prevents pregnancy by making vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changing the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. If a fertilized egg does not attach to the uterus, it passes out of the body. This medication also stops the release of an egg (ovulation) in about half of a woman's menstrual cycles. While the "mini-pill" is more effective than certain other methods of birth control (such as condoms, cervical cap, diaphragm), it is less effective than combination hormone (estrogen and progestin) birth control because it does not consistently prevent ovulation. It is usually used by women who cannot take estrogen. To reduce the risk of pregnancy, it is very important to take this medication exactly as prescribed. Using this medication does not protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia).30
NORETHINDRONE ACETATEAcetate ester of norethindrone that is used as a long-term contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS).This medication is used to treat women with abnormal bleeding from the uterus. It is also used to treat women who have stopped having menstrual periods for several months (amenorrhea) but who are not pregnant or going through menopause. In addition, this medication is used to treat a condition (endometriosis) in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus is found outside the uterus in the abdomen/pelvic area, causing painful/irregular periods. Norethindrone is a type of female hormone (progestin). It is like the hormone progesterone that your body makes naturally. This medication works by stopping the normal growth of the uterus lining during the menstrual cycle and signaling hormone changes in the uterus to restore normal menstrual periods. This medication must not be used to test for pregnancy. Progestins are not effective in preventing miscarriages.55
NORFLOXACINA synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.1
NORGESTIMATE5
NORGESTRELA synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.5
NORTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA6
NORTHERN BROWN SHRIMP2
NORTHERN QUAHOG4
NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.97
NORWALK VIRUSThe type species in the genus NOROVIRUS, first isolated in 1968 from the stools of school children in Norwalk, Ohio, who were suffering from GASTROENTERITIS. The virions are non-enveloped spherical particles containing a single protein. Multiple strains are named after the places where outbreaks have occurred.2
NOSCAPINEA naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.4
NOSCAPINE HYDROCHLORIDEA naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.1
NOVOBIOCINAn antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)2
NUPHAR LUTEA LEAF1
NUPHAR LUTEA ROOT6
NUPHAR LUTEUM ROOT9
NUSINERSEN3
NUTMEG71
NUTRIACHOLIC ACID1
NYSTATINMacrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.Nystatin is used to treat fungal skin infections. Nystatin is an antifungal that works by stopping the growth of fungus.159
OATOats, genus of the family POACEAE.17
OAT BRAN3
OATMEAL156
OBETICHOLIC ACIDThis medication is used alone or in combination treatment for a certain liver disease (primary biliary cholangitis-PBC). This disease slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver. When bile ducts are damaged, harmful substances can build up in bile and scar the liver. Obeticholic acid works by causing your liver to make less bile, and by helping bile flow out of the liver. Obeticholic acid may help slow worsening of primary biliary cholangitis and decrease symptoms such as tiredness, itchy skin, abdominal pain, and dry eyes and mouth.15
OBILTOXAXIMAB2
OBINUTUZUMABObinutuzumab is used to treat certain types of blood cancer (such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma). Obinutuzumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
OCIMUM AMERICANUM LEAF2
OCIMUM BASILICUM FLOWERING TOP1
OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM TOP3
OCLACITINIB1
OCLACITINIB MALEATE7
OCRELIZUMABOcrelizumab is used to treat certain forms of multiple sclerosis-MS (relapsing or primary progressive forms). It is not a cure for MS, but it is thought to help slow down nerve damage, reduce the number of relapses, and delay disability. Ocrelizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.2
OCTENIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE2
OCTINOXATE2083
OCTISALATE3082
OCTOCRYLENE2469
OCTOPAMINEAn alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.3
OCTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE4
OCTREOTIDEA potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.4
OCTREOTIDE ACETATEOctreotide is used to treat severe watery diarrhea and sudden reddening of the face and neck caused by certain types of tumors (such as carcinoid tumors, vasoactive intestinal peptide tumors) that are found usually in the intestines and pancreas. The symptoms occur when these tumors make too much of certain natural substances (hormones). This medication works by blocking the production of these hormones. By decreasing watery diarrhea, octreotide helps to reduce the loss of body fluids and minerals. Octreotide is also used to treat a certain condition (acromegaly) that occurs when the body makes too much of a certain natural substance called growth hormone. Treating acromegaly helps reduce the risk of serious problems such as diabetes and heart disease. Octreotide works by decreasing the amount of growth hormone to normal levels. This drug is not a cure for these conditions. This medication is usually used with other treatment (such as surgery, radiation, other drugs).48
OCTREOTIDE HYDROCHLORIDE1
O-CYMEN-5-OL4
ODESIVIMAB2
ODESIVIMAB-EBGN1
ODEVIXIBAT12
OENANTHE AQUATICA FRUIT7
OENANTHE CROCATA ROOT21
OFATUMUMABOfatumumab is used to treat a certain type of cancer (chronic lymphocytic leukemia - CLL). Ofatumumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. This medication works by stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
OFLOXACINA synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.This medication is used to treat eye infections. Ofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs called quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or overuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.79
OGLUFANIDE1
OKOUBAKA AUBREVILLEI BARK13
OLANZAPINEA benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Olanzapine is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). It may also be used in combination with other medication to treat depression. This medication can help to decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Olanzapine belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used by teenagers). See also Precautions section.306
OLANZAPINE PAMOATEA benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Olanzapine injection is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder (schizophrenia). Olanzapine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (hearing/seeing things that are not there). Extended-release olanzapine injection is a long-acting psychiatric medication called an atypical antipsychotic. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Talk to the doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment (especially when used in teenagers). See also Warning/Precautions sections.7
OLAPARIBThis medication is used to treat certain cancers (such as breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, pancreatic, peritoneal cancer, prostate). Olaparib works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.16
OLEA EUROPAEA FLOWER19
OLEA EUROPAEA FLOWER BUD2
OLEA EUROPAEA FRUIT VOLATILE OIL16
OLEA EUROPAEA LEAF5
OLEA EUROPAEA POLLEN25
OLEA EUROPAEA WHOLE1
OLEUROPEIN3
OLICERIDINE4
OLIPUDASE ALFA3
OLIVE OILOil extracted from fruit of the OLIVE TREE (genus Olea).10
OLIVETOL1
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMILAn ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.Olmesartan is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Olmesartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.268
OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE4
OLOPATADINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS.97
OLSALAZINE SODIUMOlsalazine is used to treat a certain type of bowel disease called ulcerative colitis. It does not cure ulcerative colitis, but it may decrease symptoms such as stomach pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding caused by irritation/swelling of the colon/rectum. After an attack is treated, olsalazine is used to increase the amount of time between attacks. Olsalazine is a salicylate anti-inflammatory drug. It is believed to work by blocking the production of certain natural substances (e.g., prostaglandins) that may cause pain and swelling.1
OLUTASIDENIB1
OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATESemisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.This medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer (chronic myeloid leukemia-CML). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.2
OMADACYCLINE4
OMADACYCLINE TOSYLATEOmadacycline is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as tetracycline antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.3
OMALIZUMABAn anti-IgE, recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to the C epsilon3 domain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, the site of high-affinity IgE receptor binding. It inhibits the binding of IgE to MAST CELLS and BASOPHILS to reduce the severity of the allergic response and is used in the management of persistent allergic ASTHMA.Omalizumab is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma that is due to year-round allergens. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and cuts down on time lost from work or school. Omalizumab is also used to treat hives from an unknown cause (chronic idiopathic urticaria-CIU). This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, salbutamol) as prescribed.4
OMAVELOXOLONE1
OMECAMTIV MECARBIL2
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDSA group of unsaturated fatty acids occurring mainly in fish oils, with three double bonds at particular positions in the hydrocarbon chain.Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to help reduce the risk of heart disease and also to promote healthy skin. They have been used along with diet and exercise to help lower levels of a certain blood fat (triglyceride) and to raise levels of "good" cholesterol (HDL). This product has also been used for high blood pressure or rheumatoid arthritis. Some supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use. The US Food and Drug Administration has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.4
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS45
OMEGA-3-CARBOXYLIC ACIDS1
OMEPRAZOLEA 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.338
OMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUMA 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Omeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Omeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). If you are self-treating with this medication, over-the-counter omeprazole products are used to treat frequent heartburn (occurring 2 or more days a week). Since it may take 1 to 4 days to have full effect, these products do not relieve heartburn right away. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar brand names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.72
OMEPRAZOLE SODIUMA 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.1
OMIDENEPAG ISOPROPYL2
ONDANSETRONA competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.This medication is used alone or with other medications to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer drug treatment (chemotherapy) and radiation therapy. It is also used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting after surgery. Ondansetron works by blocking one of the body's natural substances (serotonin) that causes vomiting.110
ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDEA competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.188
ONDANSETRON, (3R)-1
ONIONHerbaceous biennial plants and their edible bulbs, belonging to the Allium genus.210
ONONIS CAMPESTRIS1
ONONIS REPENS ROOT2
ONONIS SPINOSA WHOLE7
ONOPORDUMA plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain eudesmane and elemane SESQUITERPENES.1
ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM FLOWER31
ONOSMODIUM VIRGINIANUM16
ONOSMODIUM VIRGINIANUM WHOLE2
OPHIOCORDYCEPS SINENSIS1
O-PHTHALALDEHYDEA reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.1
OPICAPONE6
OPIPRAMOL HYDROCHLORIDEA tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.1
OPIUMThe air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE; CODEINE; and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.10
OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA FLOWER1
ORANGEA plant species of the genus CITRUS, family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which is also a source of orange oil.11
ORCHIS MASCULA TUBER2
OREGANO10
OREGANO FLOWERING TOP1
ORIGANUM MAJORANAA plant genus of the family Lamiaceae that is the source of familiar seasonings, oregano and marjoram.11
ORIGANUM MAJORANA WHOLE2
ORIGANUM VULGARE SUBSP. HIRTUM WHOLE1
ORIPAVINE1
ORITAVANCIN2
ORITAVANCIN DIPHOSPHATEThis medication is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections of the skin. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.2
ORLISTATA lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.This medication is used with a doctor-approved exercise, behavior change, and reduced-calorie diet program to help you lose weight. It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight-related medical problems. Taking orlistat can also help keep you from gaining back weight you have lost. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with obesity, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and a shorter life. Dietary fats need to be broken down into smaller pieces before the body can absorb them. Orlistat works by blocking the enzyme that breaks down fats in your diet. This undigested fat then passes out of your body in your bowel movement. Orlistat does not block the absorption of calories from sugar and other non-fat foods, so you still need to restrict your total intake of calories.11
ORMETOPRIM1
ORNIDAZOLEA nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.1
ORNITHINEAn amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.9
ORNITHINE ASPARTATE1
ORNITHINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM28
ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM FLOWERING TOP35
ORNITHOGALUM UMBELLATUM WHOLE24
OROTIC ACIDAn intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.1
OROTIC ACID MONOHYDRATE8
ORPHENADRINE CITRATEA muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.Orphenadrine is used to treat muscle spasms/pain. It is usually used along with rest, physical therapy, and other treatment.36
ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS WHOLE3
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS ADRENAL GLAND6
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS BONE3
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS CARTILAGE1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS HAIR5
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS HEART1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS HYPOTHALAMUS4
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS KIDNEY3
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS KNEE JOINT1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS LIGAMENT1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS LIVER2
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS LUNG4
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS OVARY1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS PANCREATIN1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS PITUITARY GLAND2
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS SKIN11
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS SPINAL CORD3
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS SPLEEN2
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS THYMUS1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS THYROID3
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS UTERUS1
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS WHOLE2
ORYZA SATIVA WHOLE3
OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATEOseltamivir is used to treat symptoms caused by the flu virus (influenza). It helps make the symptoms (such as stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, fever/chills, aches, tiredness) less severe and shortens the recovery time by 1-2 days. This medication may also be used to prevent the flu if you have been exposed to someone who already has the flu (such as a sick household member) or if there is a flu outbreak in the community. Talk to your doctor for more details. This medication works by stopping the flu virus from growing. It is not a substitute for the flu vaccine. (See also Notes section.)128
OSILODROSTAT PHOSPHATE2
OSIMERTINIB7
OSIMERTINIB MESYLATEThis medication is used to treat lung cancer. Osimertinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. It binds to a certain protein (epidermal growth factor receptor-EGFR) in some tumors.4
OSMIUMA very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.34
OSPEMIFENEThis medication is used to treat painful sexual intercourse and vaginal dryness in women after menopause. Painful intercourse and vaginal dryness are symptoms of changes in and around your vagina, due to menopause. This drug is different from hormones (including estrogens and progestins). It works by acting like estrogen in some parts of the body. Ospemifene belongs to a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM).6
OSTERICUM GROSSESERRATUM ROOT1
OSTREA EDULIS SHELL33
OSTRYA VIRGINIANA WHOLE2
OTESECONAZOLE3
OVINE DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB1
OVIS ARIES SKIN1
OVIS ARIES WHOLE1
OXACILLIN SODIUMAn antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.Oxacillin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a penicillin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.24
OXALIC ACIDA strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.5
OXALIC ACID DIHYDRATE19
OXALIPLATINAn organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and with an oxalate ligand which is displaced to yield active oxaliplatin derivatives. These derivatives form inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Oxaliplatin is an antineoplastic agent that is often administered with FLUOROURACIL and FOLINIC ACID in the treatment of metastatic COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS.This medication is used to treat advanced cancer of the colon and rectum. Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapy drug that contains platinum. It is used to slow or stop cancer cell growth.57
OXALIS ACETOSELLA LEAF24
OXALIS ACETOSELLA WHOLE1
OXALIS STRICTA WHOLE13
OXANDROLONEA synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.This medication is used to help people regain weight they have lost due to certain medical conditions (such as surgery, chronic infection, trauma, long term use of corticosteroid medication such as hydrocortisone/prednisone). It is also used to relieve bone pain due to bone loss (osteoporosis). Oxandrolone belongs to a class of drugs known as anabolic steroids. These drugs are similar to male hormones made by the body.11
OXANTEL PAMOATE3
OXAPROZINAn oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.Oxaprozin is used to treat arthritis. It reduces pain, swelling, and stiffness of the joints. Oxaprozin is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.17
OXAZEPAMA benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.Oxazepam is used to treat anxiety and also acute alcohol withdrawal. This medication belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines which act on the brain and nerves (central nervous system) to produce a calming and an anti-seizure effect. It works by enhancing the effects of a certain natural substance in the body (GABA). This medication may also be used for sleep (insomnia)18
OXCARBAZEPINEA carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.Oxcarbazepine is used alone or with other medications to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy).117
OXFENDAZOLE2
OXIBENDAZOLE1
OXICONAZOLE1
OXICONAZOLE NITRATEOxiconazole is used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm. This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Oxiconazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.7
OXIDRONATE DISODIUM2
OXITRIPTANThe immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.7
OXODOTREOTIDE1
OXODOTREOTIDE ACETATE1
OXOGLURIC ACIDA family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)21
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.1
OXYBENZONE722
OXYBUTYNINOxybutynin is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, oxybutynin improves symptoms such as the inability to control urination (incontinence), feeling that one has to urinate (urgency), and having to go to the bathroom often (frequency). This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 5 years of age. Consult your doctor for more information. Unless otherwise directed by your doctor, the over-the-counter product should only be used by adult women who have symptoms of overactive bladder for at least 2 months. For over-the-counter products, carefully read the package instructions to make sure the product is right for you. Check the ingredients on the label even if you have used the product before. The manufacturer may have changed the ingredients. Also, products with similar names may contain different ingredients meant for different purposes. Taking the wrong product could harm you.4
OXYBUTYNIN CHLORIDEThis is a long-acting form of oxybutynin that is used to treat overactive bladder and urinary conditions. It relaxes the muscles in the bladder to help decrease problems of urgency and frequent urination. Oxybutynin belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics. This medication is also used to treat children 6 years of age and older who have an overactive bladder due to certain nerve disorders (e.g., spina bifida).116
OXYCODONEA semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.18
OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDEA semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.304
OXYGENAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.623
OXYMETAZOLINEA direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)1
OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)204
OXYMETHOLONEA synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)This medication is a synthetic male hormone (androgen or anabolic steroid) used to treat a low red blood cell count (anemia). It works by increasing the amount of the hormone (erythropoietin) involved in the production of red blood cells.4
OXYMORPHONEAn opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)1
OXYMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)40
OXYQUINOLINE SULFATEAn antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.3
OXYTETRACYCLINEA TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.9
OXYTETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.8
OXYTOCINA nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.40
OXYTOCIN ACETATE6
OXYTROPIS LAMBERTII TOP1
OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE388
OYSTER, UNSPECIFIED2
OZANIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE9
OZENOXACINOzenoxacin is used to treat a certain skin infection (impetigo). This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as quinolone antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria.4
OZONEThe unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).2
PACIFIC COD1
PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH1
PACIFIC OYSTER5
PACKERA AUREA5
PACKERA AUREA WHOLE1
PACLITAXELA cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.Paclitaxel is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a cancer chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping cancer cell growth.58
PACRITINIB1
PADANG CASSIA1
PADIMATE O15
PAECILOMYCES VARIOTII7
PAEONIA CALIFORNICA WHOLE1
PAEONIA LACTIFLORA ROOT3
PAEONIA LACTIFLORA WHOLE1
PAEONIA OFFICINALIS ROOT34
PAFOLACIANINE SODIUM2
PALBOCICLIBPalbociclib is used to treat a certain type of breast cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.22
PALIFERMINA fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HEPARAN SULFATE and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B.1
PALIPERIDONEA benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). This medication can decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Paliperidone belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.69
PALIPERIDONE PALMITATEA benzisoxazole derivative and active metabolite of RISPERIDONE that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST. It is an ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder). Paliperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural chemicals (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life.33
PALIVIZUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody and ANTIVIRAL AGENT that is used to prevent RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS in high risk pediatric patients.Palivizumab is used in certain infants and young children to prevent serious lung infections (such as pneumonia) that are caused by a certain virus (respiratory syncytial virus-RSV). Palivizumab works by preventing the growth of the virus. This medication is not used to treat RSV infection, but should be continued even if your child gets the RSV infection to prevent a more serious infection.3
PALLADIUMA chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.47
PALM KERNEL OIL1
PALM OILNutritive oil extracted from the fleshy mesocarp of the fruit of the African palm tree, Elaeis guineensis.1
PALMIDROL1
PALMITIC ACIDA common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.2
PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE-41
PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE-73
PALMITOYL TRIPEPTIDE-11
PALONOSETRONIsoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.1
PALONOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDEIsoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.41
PALOPEGTERIPARATIDE1
PALOVAROTENE7
PAMABROM29
PAMIDRONATE DISODIUMAn aminobisphosphonate that inhibits BONE RESORPTION and is used for the treatment of osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and severe HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancies.Pamidronate is used to treat high blood calcium levels and certain bone problems (bone metastases/lesions) that may occur with some types of cancer. It is also used to treat a certain type of bone disease (Paget's disease) that causes abnormal and weak bones. Pamidronate belongs to a class of drugs known as bisphosphonates. It works by slowing the release of calcium from bones to lower blood calcium levels, reducing the risk of broken bones (fractures) and reducing bone pain.7
PAMIDRONIC ACIDAn aminobisphosphonate that inhibits BONE RESORPTION and is used for the treatment of osteolytic lesions, bone pain, and severe HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancies.2
PANAX GINSENG ROOT OIL4
PANAX GINSENG WHOLE3
PANAX NOTOGINSENG ROOT2
PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS WHOLE2
PANCRELIPASEA preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.22
PANCRELIPASE AMYLASE48
PANCRELIPASE LIPASE50
PANCRELIPASE PROTEASE47
PANCURONIUM BROMIDEA bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.2
PANDANUS TECTORIUS ROOT2
PANITUMUMABRecombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the function of the EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer that expresses wild-type ras gene (see GENES, RAS).This medication is used to treat a certain type of cancer of the colon (large intestine) or rectum that has spread to other parts of the body. Panitumumab is a man-made protein (monoclonal antibody) that binds to a certain protein (epidermal growth factor receptor-EGFR). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.2
PANOBINOSTAT LACTATEPanobinostat is used to treat multiple myeloma. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.1
PANTHENOL24
PANTOPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM1
PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.Pantoprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. This medication relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. It helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Pantoprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).195
PANTOTHENIC ACIDA butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.53
PAPAINA proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.3
PAPAVER RHOEAS FLOWER2
PAPAVERINEAn alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.2
PAPAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.19
PAPAYA SEED2
PAPRIKA3
PARAFFINA mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.10
PARATHYROID HORMONEA polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.This medication is a man-made form of parathyroid hormone, a natural substance made in your body by the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid hormone helps to regulate and maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorus in your body. This medication is used along with calcium and vitamin D to help control low blood calcium due to low levels of parathyroid hormone.6
PARECOXIB SODIUM3
PARICALCITOLParicalcitol is a man-made active form of vitamin D, which is needed for building and keeping strong bones. Paricalcitol is used in patients with long-term kidney disease to treat or prevent high levels of a certain natural substance made by the body (parathyroid hormone). Too much parathyroid hormone can cause serious problems such as bone disorders. Most people get enough vitamin D from exposure to the sun and from fortified food products (e.g., dairy products, vitamins). Before regular vitamin D can be used by the body, it needs to be changed to the active form by the liver and kidneys. People with kidney disease cannot make enough of the active form of vitamin D. Vitamin D helps control parathyroid hormone and the levels of certain minerals (e.g., calcium, phosphorus) that are needed for building and keeping strong bones.59
PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS1
PARIS QUADRIFOLIA11
PARKINSONIA FLORIDA POLLEN2
PAROMOMYCIN SULFATEAn aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.This medication is used to treat a certain parasite infection of the intestines (amebiasis). This medication is known as an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of parasites in the intestines. This medication is poorly absorbed into the blood so it will not work for infections outside of the intestines. Paromomycin may also be used along with a special diet to treat a certain serious brain problem (hepatic encephalopathy). This condition occurs in people with liver disease and is caused by too much of a certain natural substance (ammonia) in the body. Normally the liver gets rid of the ammonia. Paromomycin helps to treat hepatic encephalopathy by stopping the growth of certain bacteria in your intestines that make ammonia. This antibiotic treats only parasitic and bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.7
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDEA serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.37
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUSA serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.24
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE HEMIHYDRATEA serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.116
PAROXETINE MESYLATEThis medication is used to treat hot flashes that occur with menopause. Paroxetine belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).9
PARSLEY2
PARSNIPA plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The roots are used as food.1
PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUSAn annual species in the family ASTERACEA, genus Parthenium which sometimes is referred to as feverfew, not to be confused with the medicinal herb often cultivated in the garden, TANACETUM PARTHENIUM. Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive allelopathic weed indigenous to the Caribbean, Central and South America and has similar rosette stage structures as COMMON RAGWEED. It contains sesquiterpene lactones including parthenin which is poisonous to grazing animals and allergenic and irritant, causing Parthenium dermatitis in humans.10
PARTHENOCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA LEAF1
PASCOPYRUM SMITHII POLLEN26
PASIREOTIDE8
PASPALUM NOTATUM POLLEN27
PASSALORA FULVA2
PASSIFLORA EDULIS FLOWER2
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA FLOWER12
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA FLOWERING TOP140
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA TOP19
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA WHOLE2
PATIROMER3
PATIROMER SORBITEX CALCIUM2
PATISIRAN1
PATISIRAN SODIUM1
PATRITUMAB1
PATRITUMAB DERUXTECAN1
PAULLINIA CUPANA SEED1
PAZOPANIB2
PAZOPANIB HYDROCHLORIDE14
P-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENEA reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)7
PEAA variable annual leguminous vine that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)3
PEACH4
PEANUTA plant genus of the family FABACEAE that includes peanuts.20
PEARA plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.4
PECANA plant genus of the family JUGLANDACEAE that bears edible nuts.12
PECTINHigh molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.38
PEDICULUS HUMANUS VAR. CAPITIS3
PEG/PPG-20/6 DIMETHICONE1
PEG-8 CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC GLYCERIDES2
PEG-9 DIGLYCIDYL ETHER/SODIUM HYALURONATE CROSSPOLYMER1
PEGASPARGASEThis medication is usually used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), especially in patients who are allergic to L-asparaginase. It works by starving tumor cells of a certain amino acid (asparagine), causing the tumor cells to die.1
PEGCETACOPLAN3
PEGFILGRASTIMPegfilgrastim is a man-made version of a certain natural substance made in your body. It is used to help your body make more white blood cells. White blood cells are important to help you fight off infections. Pegfilgrastim is given to people whose ability to make white blood cells is reduced due to chemotherapy. Some brands may also be used to increase white blood cells after exposure to large amounts of radiation. This monograph is about the following pegfilgrastim products: pegfilgrastim, pegfilgrastim-cbqv, pegfilgrastim-jmdb, and pegfilgrastim-bmez.10
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2APeginterferon alfa-2a is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C, viral infections of the liver. It works by decreasing the amount of hepatitis virus in the body and helps your body's natural defense (immune system) fight the infection. Chronic hepatitis infection can lead to serious liver damage (cirrhosis) and liver cancer. It is not known if peginterferon can cure hepatitis B or hepatitis C infections or can prevent you from passing the virus to others. Practice "safer sex" (such as the use of latex condoms) to lower the risk of passing the virus to others.4
PEGINTERFERON BETA-1AThis medication is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). Peginterferon is not a cure for MS, but it may help to decrease the number of episodes of disease worsening (relapses) and slow the worsening of the disease.3
PEGLOTICASEPegloticase is used to treat gout which has not responded to the usual treatments. It works by lowering high levels of uric acid in your body. Increased uric acid in your body can cause gout.1
PEGUNIGALSIDASE ALFA2
PEGVALIASE5
PEGVISOMANTPegvisomant is used to treat a certain condition called acromegaly. Acromegaly occurs when the body makes too much growth hormone and other natural substances such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Pegvisomant is usually used if you have not responded to other treatments (such as surgery, radiation, other medications). Treating acromegaly helps reduce the risk of serious problems such as diabetes and heart disease. Pegvisomant works by blocking the action of growth hormone and by reducing the amount of IGF-I to normal levels.6
PELARGONIUM SIDOIDES ROOT40
PEMBROLIZUMABPembrolizumab is used to treat cancer. It works by changing the action of your own immune system, directing it to attack cancer cells. Pembrolizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies.4
PEMETREXEDA guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE.7
PEMETREXED DISODIUMA guanine-derived ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that functions as a NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR through its binding to, and inhibition of, THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE.Pemetrexed is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as lung cancer, mesothelioma). It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.37
PEMETREXED DISODIUM HEMIPENTAHYDRATE34
PEMETREXED DISODIUM HEPTAHYDRATE22
PEMETREXED MONOHYDRATE4
PEMETREXED TROMETHAMINE1
PEMETREXED TROMETHAMINE ANHYDROUS2
PEMIGATINIB8
PENBUTOLOL SULFATEA nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.1
PENCICLOVIRThis medication is used to treat "cold sores/fever blisters" (herpes labialis). It can speed up healing of the sores and decrease symptoms (such as tingling, pain, burning, itching). Penciclovir belongs to a class of medications known as antivirals. It works by stopping the growth of the virus. This medication does not cure herpes, and it does not prevent passing the infection to someone else. It does not prevent future occurrences.10
PENICILLAMINE3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.This medication is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Wilson's disease (a condition in which high levels of copper in the body cause damage to the liver, brain, and other organs), and a certain disorder which causes kidney stones (cystinuria). For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, penicillamine is known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). It helps to decrease pain/tenderness/swelling in the joints. For the treatment of Wilson's disease, penicillamine binds to copper and helps it to be removed from the body. Decreasing copper levels helps to improve liver function and the mental/mood/nerve problems (such as confusion, difficulty speaking/walking) caused by the disease. For the treatment of cystinuria, penicillamine helps to decrease the amount of a certain substance (cystine) in the urine which can cause kidney stones.31
PENICILLIN GA penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.1
PENICILLIN G BENZATHINESemisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining the sodium salt of penicillin G with N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine.Penicillin G benzathine is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It may also be used to prevent certain bacterial infections (such as rheumatic fever). This medication is a long-acting penicillin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.13
PENICILLIN G POTASSIUMA penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is also used to prevent infection of the heart (bacterial endocarditis) in patients with certain heart diseases who are having surgery. This medication is known as a natural penicillin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.21
PENICILLIN G PROCAINESemisynthetic antibiotic prepared by combining penicillin G with PROCAINE.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. This medication is known as a long-acting natural penicillin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication should not be used to treat gonorrhea.9
PENICILLIN G SODIUMA penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.This medication is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is also used to prevent infection of the heart (bacterial endocarditis) in patients with certain heart diseases who are having surgery. This medication is known as a natural penicillin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.2
PENICILLIN V POTASSIUMA broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.Penicillin is an antibiotic used to treat and prevent a wide variety of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats and prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for virus infections (such as the common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.70
PENICILLIUM CAMEMBERTI8
PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM VAR. CHRYSOGENUM58
PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM16
PENICILLIUM EXPANSUM6
PENICILLIUM GLABRUM9
PENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTI12
PENOXSULAM11
PENSTEMON DAVIDSONII WHOLE5
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRAKIS(3-(3,5-DI-TERT-BUTYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PROPIONATE)1
PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATEPentamidine given by inhalation is used to prevent a serious lung infection (Pneumocystis pneumonia-PCP) in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pentamidine belongs to a class of drugs known as antiprotozoals. It works by killing the organism that causes the infection.9
PENTAPEPTIDE-181
PENTAZOCINEThe first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)2
PENTAZOCINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)5
PENTETATE CALCIUM TRISODIUMAn iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.1
PENTETATE ZINC TRISODIUMAn iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.1
PENTETIC ACIDAn iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.3
PENTETRAZOL1
PENTETREOTIDE1
PENTOBARBITAL SODIUMA short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)9
PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUMA sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties.This medication is used to treat pain/discomfort from a certain bladder disorder (interstitial cystitis). It may work by forming a layer on the bladder wall and protecting it from harmful/irritating substances in the urine. It is also a weak "blood thinner" and therefore may increase the risk of bruising/bleeding (such as bleeding from the nose/gums).15
PENTOSTATINA potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.Pentostatin is used to treat a certain type of cancer (hairy cell leukemia). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
PENTOXIFYLLINEA METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.This medication is used to improve the symptoms of a certain blood flow problem in the legs/arms (intermittent claudication due to occlusive artery disease). Pentoxifylline can decrease the muscle aching/pain/cramps during exercise, including walking, that occur with intermittent claudication. Pentoxifylline belongs to a class of drugs known as hemorrheologic agents. It works by helping blood flow more easily through narrowed arteries. This increases the amount of oxygen that can be delivered by the blood when the muscles need more (such as during exercise) thereby increasing walking distance and duration.25
PENTOXYVERINE CITRATE1
PEPPERMINT3
PEPPERMINT OIL10
PEPSIN6
PEPTIDE B27PD30
PEPTIDE YY HUMAN (3-36)1
PEPTIDE-TN-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.2
PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS ANAEROBIUS12
PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS ANAEROBIUS DNA1
PERACETIC ACIDA liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.1
PERAMIVIR4
PERAMPANELPerampanel is used to treat certain types of seizures (including focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures). Perampanel belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants.29
PERAMPANEL HYDRATE (4:3)2
PERFLUOROHEXYLOCTANE2
PERFLUTREN8
PERGOLIDE MESYLATEA long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.5
PERHEXILINE MALEATE1
PERILLA FRUTESCENS LEAF1
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE1
PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINEAn angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.Perindopril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to prevent heart attacks in people with a certain type of heart disease (stable coronary artery disease). Perindopril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.12
PERIPLANETA AMERICANA22
PERLITE1
PERMETHRINA pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.This medication is used to treat head lice, tiny insects that infest and irritate your scalp. Permethrin is also used to help avoid infestation in people who have close contact with someone who has head lice. It belongs to a class of drugs known as pyrethrins. Permethrin works by paralyzing and killing lice and their eggs (nits).28
PERPHENAZINEAn antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, manic phase of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce aggressive behavior and the desire to hurt yourself/others. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (e.g., hearing/seeing things that are not there). Perphenazine is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (e.g., dopamine) in the brain.78
PERSEA AMERICANA WHOLE1
PERSICARIA PUNCTATA3
PERTUZUMABPertuzumab is used to treat certain types of breast cancer. It is also used to treat early stage breast cancer in patients who will be having surgery to remove the cancer. The types of cancers pertuzumab is used to treat are tumors that produce more than the normal amount of a certain substance called HER2 protein. This medication is called a monoclonal antibody. It works by attaching to the HER2 cancer cells and blocking them from dividing and growing. It may also destroy the cancer cells or signal the body (immune system) to destroy the cancer cells.4
PERVINCA MINOR WHOLE3
PETASITES HYBRIDUS ROOT8
PETIVERIA ALLIACEA ROOT1
PETIVERIA ALLIACEA WHOLE1
PETROLATUMA colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from PETROLEUM. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant.This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy). Emollients are substances that soften and moisturize the skin and decrease itching and flaking. Some products (e.g., zinc oxide, white petrolatum) are used mostly to protect the skin against irritation (e.g., from wetness). Dry skin is caused by a loss of water in the upper layer of the skin. Emollients/moisturizers work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin. Petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone are common emollients. Humectants, including glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol, draw water into the outer layer of skin. Many products also have ingredients that soften the horny substance (keratin) that holds the top layer of skin cells together (including urea, alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic/citric/glycolic acid, and allantoin). This helps the dead skin cells fall off, helps the skin keep in more water, and leaves the skin feeling smoother and softer.538
PETROLEUM ALKYLATE2
PETROSELINUM CRISPUMA plant genus of the family APIACEAE used for flavoring food.41
PETROSELINUM CRISPUM ROOT1
PETROSELINUM CRISPUM WHOLE25
PETUNIA AXILLARIS WHOLE2
PEUMUS BOLDUS LEAF61
PEXIDARTINIB HYDROCHLORIDEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of tumor (tenosynovial giant cell tumor) that is not likely to improve with surgery. Pexidartinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of certain tumor cells.4
PEXOPIPRANT L-LYSINE1
PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA POLLEN28
PHASEOLUS VULGARIS WHOLE1
PHELLODENDRON CHINENSE WHOLE1
PHENACETINA phenylacetamide that was formerly used in ANALGESICS but nephropathy and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA led to its withdrawal from the market. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology,1991, p431)5
PHENAZOPYRIDINEA local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.1
PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.152
PHENDIMETRAZINE TARTRATEPhendimetrazine is used with a doctor-approved exercise, behavior change, and reduced-calorie diet program to help you lose weight. It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight-related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with obesity, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and a shorter life. It is not known how this medication helps people to lose weight. It may work by decreasing your appetite, increasing the amount of energy used by your body, or by affecting certain parts of the brain. This medication is an appetite suppressant and belongs to a class of drugs called sympathomimetic amines.27
PHENELZINE SULFATEOne of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.Phenelzine is an antidepressant (monoamine oxidase inhibitor). This medication treats depression by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Phenelzine can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. Usually, this medication is used in persons who have not responded to treatment with other drugs.5
PHENETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE2
PHENIRAMINE MALEATEOne of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.19
PHENOBARBITALA barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.This medication is used alone or with other medications to control seizures. Controlling and reducing seizures lets you do more of your normal daily activities, reduces your risk of harm when you lose consciousness, and lessens your risk for a possibly life-threatening condition of frequent, repeated seizures. Phenobarbital belongs to a class of drugs known as barbiturate anticonvulsants/hypnotics. It works by controlling the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that occurs during a seizure. This medication is also used for a short time (usually no more than 2 weeks) to help calm you or help you sleep during periods of anxiety. It works by affecting certain parts of the brain to cause calming.175
PHENOBARBITAL SODIUMA barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.21
PHENOLAn antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.143
PHENOLATE SODIUMAn antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.1
PHENOLPHTHALEINAn acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.1
PHENOXYBENZAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.18
PHENOXYETHANOL19
PHENTERMINEA central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.1
PHENTERMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.173
PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATEA nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.18
PHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE15
PHENYL SALICYLATE9
PHENYLALANINEAn essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.67
PHENYLBUTAZONEA butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.11
PHENYLEPHRINEAn alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.9
PHENYLEPHRINE BITARTRATE43
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.1971
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE, (+/-)-2
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.3
PHENYLTOLOXAMINE CITRATE1
PHENYTOINAn anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.Phenytoin is used to prevent and control seizures (also called an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug). It works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain.27
PHENYTOIN SODIUMAn anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.52
PHLEUM PRATENSE2
PHLEUM PRATENSE POLLEN66
PHLEUM PRATENSE TOP6
PHLORIZIN10
PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA POLLEN5
PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA WHOLE1
PHOMA EXIGUA VAR. EXIGUA5
PHORADENDRON LEUCARPUM FRUITING TOP1
PHOSPHATIDYL SERINEDerivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a SERINE moiety.1
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE:CERAMIDE CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE 11
PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID8
PHOSPHORIC ACID264
PHOSPHORUSA non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.683
PHOSPHORUS P-321
PHTHALIMIDOPEROXYCAPROIC ACID6
PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI WHOLE1
PHYLLOSTACHYS EDULIS VINEGAR1
PHYSALIA PHYSALIS10
PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI FRUIT2
PHYSALIS ANGULATA1
PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSUM SEED26
PHYSOSTIGMA VENENOSUM WHOLE1
PHYSOSTIGMINE SALICYLATE3
PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOT351
PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA WHOLE1
PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA WHOLE1
PHYTONADIONEVitamin K is used to treat and prevent low levels of certain substances (blood clotting factors) that your body naturally produces. These substances help your blood to thicken and stop bleeding normally (such as after an accidental cut or injury). Low levels of blood clotting factors increase the risk for unusual bleeding. Low levels may be caused by certain medications (such as warfarin) or medical conditions (such as obstructive jaundice). Vitamin K helps to treat and prevent unusual bleeding by increasing the body's production of blood clotting factors.43
PIBRENTASVIR4
PICEA ABIES LEAF1
PICEA ABIES WHOLE2
PICEA MARIANA RESIN46
PICEA PUNGENS POLLEN16
PICRIC ACID34
PICRORHIZA KURROA WHOLE1
PICROTOXINA mixture of PICROTOXININ and PICROTIN that is a noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors acting as a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.1
PIDOTIMOD1
PIFLUFOLASTAT F-181
PILOCARPINEA slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.1
PILOCARPINE HYDROCHLORIDEA slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.38
PILOCARPINE NITRATEA slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.3
PILOCARPUS JABORANDI LEAF4
PILOCARPUS JABORANDII LEAF5
PILOCARPUS JABORANDII WHOLE3
PILOCARPUS MICROPHYLLUS LEAF2
PIMAVANSERIN TARTRATEPimavanserin is used to treat the symptoms of a certain mental/mood disorder (psychosis) that might occur with Parkinson's disease. It helps lessen symptoms such as seeing or hearing things that are not there (hallucinations) and false beliefs (delusions). Pimavanserin belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics, though it works differently from most other drugs in this class.14
PIMECROLIMUSPimecrolimus is used to treat certain skin conditions such as eczema (atopic dermatitis) in people who should not use or have not responded to other eczema medications (e.g., topical steroids). Eczema is an allergic-type condition that causes red, irritated, and itchy skin. This drug works by changing the skin's defense (immune) system, thereby decreasing the allergic reaction that causes eczema. Pimecrolimus belongs to a class of drugs known as topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs). This medication is not recommended if you have a history of a certain rare genetic disorder (Netherton's syndrome). Also, this medication should not be used by anyone who has a weakened immune system (e.g., following an organ transplant).15
PIMOBENDAN8
PIMOZIDEA diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)This medication is used to reduce uncontrolled movements (motor tics) or outbursts of words/sounds (vocal tics) caused by Tourette syndrome. Pimozide is a medication that works by decreasing the activity of a natural substance (dopamine) in the brain. Pimozide should not be used for mild symptoms. It should only be used if symptoms cause severe problems in everyday life and other medicines or treatments have not been effective.4
PINAVERIUM BROMIDE2
PINDOLOLA moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)This medication is used alone or with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. Pindolol belongs to a class of medications called beta-blockers. It works by blocking the effects of certain natural substances (such as epinephrine) on the heart and blood vessels. This results in a lowering of the heart rate, blood pressure, and strain on the heart.21
PINE NEEDLE OIL (PINUS MUGO)1
PINE NEEDLE OIL (PINUS SYLVESTRIS)3
PINE NUT1
PINE TAR29
PINEAPPLE10
PINUS CONTORTA POLLEN2
PINUS DENSIFLORA LEAF1
PINUS DENSIFLORA WHOLE2
PINUS ECHINATA POLLEN16
PINUS HALEPENSIS RESIN1
PINUS MASSONIANA POLLEN1
PINUS MONTICOLA POLLEN5
PINUS MUGO LEAFY TWIG3
PINUS NIGRA POLLEN15
PINUS PALUSTRIS LEAF1
PINUS PALUSTRIS POLLEN4
PINUS PONDEROSA POLLEN9
PINUS SPP. WHOLE1
PINUS STROBUS BARK2
PINUS STROBUS POLLEN40
PINUS SYLVESTRIS FLOWERING TOP9
PINUS SYLVESTRIS LEAFY TWIG41
PINUS SYLVESTRIS POLLEN15
PINUS SYLVESTRIS WHOLE2
PINUS TABULIFORMIS POLLEN1
PINUS TAEDA POLLEN28
PINUS VIRGINIANA POLLEN4
PIOGLITAZONEA thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.3
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE148
PIPAMPERONE HYDROCHLORIDE1
PIPER ADUNCUM LEAF1
PIPER AURITUM WHOLE1
PIPER CUBEBA FRUIT13
PIPER METHYSTICUM ROOT21
PIPER UMBELLATUM WHOLE1
PIPERACILLINSemisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.6
PIPERACILLIN SODIUMSemisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.100
PIPERINE7
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDEAn insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE.49
PIRENZEPINEAn antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.2
PIRFENIDONEPirfenidone is used to treat a certain lung disease called idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This disease causes the lungs to get scarred and become stiff, making it hard to breathe. Pirfenidone may help slow down the worsening of your IPF.70
PIROXICAMA cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.Piroxicam is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. Reducing these symptoms helps you do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking your body's production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.48
PIRTOBRUTINIB3
PISTACHIO2
PISUM SATIVUM WHOLE1
PIT VIPER (CROTALINAE) IMMUNE GLOBULIN ANTIVENIN (EQUINE)1
PITAVASTATIN7
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUMPitavastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.31
PITOLISANT3
PITOLISANT HYDROCHLORIDE4
PIVMECILLINAM HYDROCHLORIDEPivaloyloxymethyl ester of amdinocillin that is well absorbed orally, but broken down to amdinocillin in the intestinal mucosa. It is active against gram-negative organisms and used as for amdinocillin.1
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA POLLEN71
PLANTAGO LANCEOLATA WHOLE2
PLANTAGO MAJOR90
PLANTAGO MAJOR LEAF14
PLANTAGO MAJOR WHOLE10
PLANTAGO SEEDDried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.1
PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTION (HUMAN)4
PLASMINOGENPrecursor of plasmin (FIBRINOLYSIN). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent.1
PLASMODIUM MALARIAEA protozoan parasite that occurs primarily in subtropical and temperate areas. It is the causal agent of quartan malaria. As the parasite grows it exhibits little ameboid activity.1
PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS POLLEN68
PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS WHOLE2
PLATANUS ORIENTALIS WHOLE1
PLATANUS RACEMOSA POLLEN12
PLATANUS X ACERIFOLIA POLLEN2
PLATINUMA heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".62
PLATYCLADUS ORIENTALIS LEAF1
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM ROOT2
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUS ROOT2
PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUS WHOLE1
PLAZOMICIN3
PLAZOMICIN SULFATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Plazomicin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.1
PLECANATIDESee also Warning section. Plecanatide is used to treat certain types of bowel problems (chronic idiopathic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation). It works by increasing fluid in your intestines and helping speed up movement of food through the gut. Plecanatide may improve stool texture and lessen symptoms such as straining and feelings of incomplete bowel movements. This medication must not be used in children younger than 6 years because of the risk of serious side effects.6
PLECTRANTHUS BARBATUS ROOT1
PLEOSPORA BETAE9
PLEOSPORA TARDA2
PLERIXAFORPlerixafor is used by patients with certain types of cancer (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-NHL, multiple myeloma-MM) to prepare them for stem cell transplant. Stem cells, which are found mainly in the bone marrow, turn into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plerixafor is used to help stem cells move from the bone marrow to the bloodstream so that the cells can be collected and stored. The stem cells are then infused back into the patient after chemotherapy or radiation.16
PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS WHOLE7
PLUM1
PLUMERIA RUBRA WHOLE8
PLUTONIUMA naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.1
PNEUMOCANDIN B01
POA ANNUA POLLEN18
POA PRATENSISA plant genus of the family POACEAE that contains the Poa p Ia allergen and allergen C KBGP.1
POA PRATENSIS POLLEN52
POA PRATENSIS TOP3
PODOCORYNA CARNEA FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN1
PODOFILOXA lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives.This medication is used on the skin to treat external genital warts.8
PODOPHYLLUMA genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.63
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM ROOT6
PODOPHYLLUM RESINCaustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.13
POLACRILIN1
POLACRILIN POTASSIUM2
POLATUZUMAB VEDOTIN3
POLAWAX POLYSORBATE1
POLICRESULEN2
POLIDOCANOLAn alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.6
POLIGLUSAMDeacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.1
POLIOVIRUSA species of ENTEROVIRUS which is the causal agent of POLIOMYELITIS in humans. Three serotypes (strains) exist. Transmission is by the fecal-oral route, pharyngeal secretions, or mechanical vector (flies). Vaccines with both inactivated and live attenuated virus have proven effective in immunizing against the infection.15
POLIOVIRUS TYPE 1 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)7
POLIOVIRUS TYPE 2 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)7
POLIOVIRUS TYPE 3 ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)7
POLISTES SPP. VENOM PROTEIN2
POLOXALENEA copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.2
POLOXAMER 188A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)1
POLOXAMER 407A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)4
POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE2
POLYACRYLAMIDE (CROSSLINKED1
POLYAMINOPROPYL BIGUANIDE1
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3001
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350This medication is used to treat occasional constipation. It works by holding water in the stool to soften the stool and increases the number of bowel movements. It is known as an osmotic-type laxative. This medication is also available without a prescription. If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, it is important to read the manufacturer's package instructions carefully so you know when to consult your doctor or pharmacist. (See also Precautions.)116
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 35001
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400132
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 40003
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 60001
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 80001
POLYGALA SENEGA ROOT39
POLYGALA SENEGA WHOLE1
POLYGLYCERYL-3 DIISOSTEARATE1
POLYGLYCERYL-3 OLEATE1
POLYGLYCERYL-4 ISOSTEARATE1
POLYGONATUM CYRTONEMA ROOT2
POLYGONUM AVICULARE TOP2
POLYMYXIN B SULFATEA mixture of polymyxins B1 and B2, obtained from BACILLUS POLYMYXA strains. They are basic polypeptides of about eight amino acids and have cationic detergent action on cell membranes. Polymyxin B is used for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria, but may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.404
POLYOXYL 35 CASTOR OIL1
POLYOXYL 40 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL5
POLYOXYL 40 STEARATE2
POLYSILICONE-153
POLYSORBATE 203
POLYSORBATE 601
POLYSORBATE 8013
POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENEHomopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.1
POLYVINYL ALCOHOLA polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.This medication is used to relieve dry, irritated eyes. Common causes for dry eyes include wind, sun, heating/air conditioning, computer use/reading, and certain medications. This product may contain 1 or more of the following ingredients: carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, glycerin, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), polysorbate, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, or propylene glycol, among others. Eye lubricants keep the eye moist, help to protect the eye from injury and infection, and decrease symptoms of dry eyes such as burning, itching, and feeling as if something is in the eye.9
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, UNSPECIFIED32
POMALIDOMIDEPomalidomide is used to treat certain types of cancers (such as multiple myeloma, Kaposi sarcoma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.14
POMEGRANATEA deciduous shrub or small tree in the family Lythraceae, order Myrtales, superorder Rosanae. It bears edible reddish-purple fruit berries with seeds and pulp produced from the ovary of a single flower.3
PONATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE8
PONAZURIL6
PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA FRUIT1
PONESIMOD1
POPPY SEED6
POPULUS ALBA POLLEN49
POPULUS ALBA WHOLE1
POPULUS BALSAMIFERA LEAF BUD19
POPULUS BALSAMIFERA POLLEN1
POPULUS DELTOIDES POLLEN56
POPULUS DELTOIDES SUBSP. DELTOIDES POLLEN10
POPULUS DELTOIDES SUBSP. DELTOIDES WHOLE1
POPULUS DELTOIDES SUBSP. MONILIFERA POLLEN33
POPULUS FREMONTII POLLEN13
POPULUS NIGRA LEAF BUD4
POPULUS NIGRA POLLEN31
POPULUS NIGRA WHOLE1
POPULUS TREMULA FLOWERING TOP12
POPULUS TREMULA WHOLE7
POPULUS TREMULOIDES BARK8
POPULUS TREMULOIDES LEAF12
POPULUS TREMULOIDES POLLEN18
POPULUS TREMULOIDES WHOLE3
POPULUS TRICHOCARPA POLLEN5
PORACTANT ALFA2
PORFIMER SODIUMThe purified component of HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE, it consists of a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins. It is used in photodynamic therapy (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION); to treat malignant lesions with visible light and experimentally as an antiviral agent. It is the first drug to be approved in the use of PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY in the United States.1
PORKMEAT or flesh of a pig (Sus scrofa) used as food.13
PORK BRAIN3
PORK COLLAGEN3
PORK HEART11
PORK INTESTINE25
PORK KIDNEY79
PORK LIVER156
PORTULACA OLERACEA LEAF2
PORTULACA OLERACEA WHOLE1
POSACONAZOLEPosaconazole is used to prevent certain fungal infections in patients who have severely weakened immune systems (such as patients who have had chemotherapy). It belongs to a class of drugs known as azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.55
POTASSIUMAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.2
POTASSIUM ACETATEA potassium salt used to replenish ELECTROLYTES, for restoration of WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used in DIURETICS and EXPECTORANTS.31
POTASSIUM ALUM8
POTASSIUM ARSENITE ANHYDROUS9
POTASSIUM ASPARTATEOne of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.3
POTASSIUM BICARBONATEThis medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with "water pills"/diuretics.10
POTASSIUM BITARTRATE4
POTASSIUM BROMIDE68
POTASSIUM CARBONATE193
POTASSIUM CATION1
POTASSIUM CHLORATE21
POTASSIUM CHLORIDEA white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.This medication is a mineral supplement used to treat or prevent low amounts of potassium in the blood. A normal level of potassium in the blood is important. Potassium helps your cells, kidneys, heart, muscles, and nerves work properly. Most people get enough potassium by eating a well-balanced diet. Some conditions that can lower your body's potassium level include severe prolonged diarrhea and vomiting, hormone problems such as hyperaldosteronism, or treatment with "water pills"/diuretics.610
POTASSIUM CITRATEA powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.This medication is used to make the urine less acidic. This effect helps the kidneys get rid of uric acid, thereby helping to prevent gout and kidney stones. This medication can also prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease. Citric acid and citrate salts (which contain potassium and sodium) belong to a class of drugs known as urinary alkalinizers. If you have a condition that requires you to limit your intake of potassium and sodium, your doctor may direct you to take a product that is lower in potassium and sodium.68
POTASSIUM CYANIDEA highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.9
POTASSIUM DICHROMATEChromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.194
POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE TRIHYDRATE8
POTASSIUM FLUORIDE8
POTASSIUM GLUCONATE22
POTASSIUM GUAIACOLSULFONATE1
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE3
POTASSIUM IODIDEAn inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Potassium iodide is used to loosen and break up mucus in the airways. This helps you cough up the mucus so you can breathe more easily if you have long-term lung problems (e.g., asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema). This medication is known as an expectorant. Potassium iodide is also used along with antithyroid medicines to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal, to treat certain overactive thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism), and to protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency. It works by shrinking the size of the thyroid gland and decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones produced. In a radiation emergency, potassium iodide blocks only the thyroid from absorbing radioactive iodine, protecting it from damage and reducing the risk of thyroid cancer. Use this medication along with other emergency measures that will be recommended to you by public health and safety officials (e.g., finding safe shelter, evacuation, controlling food supply).155
POTASSIUM NITRATE150
POTASSIUM NITRITE3
POTASSIUM OXALATEA strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.8
POTASSIUM OXYBATE2
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATEPermanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)1
POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC99
POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC28
POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM7
POTASSIUM SILICATE3
POTASSIUM SORBATEMold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.6
POTASSIUM SULFATE86
POTASSIUM TARTRATE8
POTASSIUM TARTRATE HEMIHYDRATE1
POTASSIUM TELLURITE8
POTASSIUM TETRACHLOROAURATE DIHYDRATE1
POTATOA plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.10
POTENTILLA ANSERINA FLOWERING TOP1
POTENTILLA ANSERINA WHOLE1
POTENTILLA ERECTA ROOT9
POULTRY, UNSPECIFIED2
POVIDONEA polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.58
POVIDONE K301
POVIDONE, UNSPECIFIEDA polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.16
POVIDONE-IODINEAn iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.250
POWDERED CELLULOSE4
POZELIMAB1
POZELIMAB-BBFG1
PRADOFLOXACIN5
PRALATREXATEPralatrexate is used to treat a certain type of cancer (peripheral T-Cell lymphoma-PTCL). Pralatrexate works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.9
PRALIDOXIME CHLORIDE5
PRALMORELIN2
PRALSETINIB4
PRAMIPEXOLE DIHYDROCHLORIDEA benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.Pramipexole is used alone or with other medications to treat Parkinson's disease. It can improve your ability to move and decrease shakiness (tremor), stiffness, slowed movement, and unsteadiness. It may also decrease the number of episodes of not being able to move ("on-off syndrome"). This medication is also used to treat a certain medical condition (restless legs syndrome - RLS) that causes an unusual urge to move the legs. Symptoms usually occur at night along with uncomfortable/unpleasant feelings in the legs. This medication can decrease these symptoms and thereby improve sleep. Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist that works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (dopamine) in the brain.172
PRAMLINTIDE ACETATEPramlintide is used with mealtime insulin and a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is used when patients who are already using insulin need better blood sugar control. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Pramlintide acts like a certain natural substance called amyrin, which lowers blood sugar. This drug works by slowing the movement of food through your stomach. It also decreases your appetite and the amount of sugar your liver makes. Pramlintide does not replace insulin, but it may lower the amount of insulin you need.1
PRAMOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE283
PRASEODYMIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.28
PRASTERONE39
PRASUGRELA piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.3
PRASUGREL HYDROCHLORIDEA piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.26
PRATIA PURPURASCENS4
PRAVASTATIN SODIUMAn antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).Pravastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.171
PRAZIQUANTELAn anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations.This medication is used to treat infections of certain parasites (such as Schistosoma and liver flukes). Curing parasitic infections helps to improve your health and quality of life. Praziquantel belongs to a class of drugs known as anthelmintics. It works by killing the parasites. It also paralyzes the parasites, causing them to release their hold on the blood vessel walls so the body can remove them naturally.17
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDEA selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.113
PREDNICARBATEThis medication is used to treat a variety of skin conditions (e.g., eczema, dermatitis, allergies, rash). Prednicarbate reduces the swelling, itching and redness that can occur in these types of conditions. This medication is a medium-strength corticosteroid.5
PREDNISOLONEA glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.Prednisolone is a man-made form of a natural substance (corticosteroid hormone) made by the adrenal gland. It is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood problems, immune system disorders, skin and eye conditions, breathing problems, cancer, and severe allergies. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as pain, swelling and allergic-type reactions.21
PREDNISOLONE 21-PHOSPHATE1
PREDNISOLONE ACETATEThis medication is used to treat certain eye conditions due to inflammation or injury. Prednisolone works by relieving symptoms such as swelling, redness, and itching. It belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids.19
PREDNISOLONE HEMISUCCINATE1
PREDNISOLONE SODIUM PHOSPHATEPrednisolone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, severe allergic reactions, certain cancers, eye conditions, skin/kidney/intestinal/lung diseases, and immune system disorders. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling, pain and allergic-type reactions. This medication is a corticosteroid hormone. Prednisolone may also be used with other medications in hormone disorders.39
PREDNISONEA synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.Prednisone is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, blood disorders, breathing problems, severe allergies, skin diseases, cancer, eye problems, and immune system disorders. Prednisone belongs to a class of drugs known as corticosteroids. It decreases your immune system's response to various diseases to reduce symptoms such as swelling and allergic-type reactions.340
PREDNISONE ACETATE1
PREGABALINA gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.This medication is used to treat pain caused by nerve damage due to diabetes, shingles (herpes zoster) infection, or spinal cord injury. This medication is also used to treat pain in people with fibromyalgia. It is also used with other medications to treat certain types of seizures (focal seizures).553
PREGNENOLONEA 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.16
PREGNENOLONE ACETATE1
PRETOMANID1
PREZATIDE1
PREZATIDE COPPER4
PRILOCAINEA local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.24
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.17
PRIMAQUINE PHOSPHATEAn aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)Primaquine is used with other medications to prevent and treat malaria caused by mosquito bites in countries where malaria is common. Malaria parasites can enter the body through these mosquito bites, and then live in body tissues such as red blood cells or the liver. Primaquine is used after other medications (such as chloroquine) have killed the malaria parasites living inside red blood cells. Primaquine then kills the malaria parasites living in other body tissues. This prevents the return of the infection. Both drugs are needed for a complete cure. Primaquine phosphate belongs to a class of drugs known as antimalarials. The United States Centers for Disease Control provide updated guidelines and travel recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria in different parts of the world. Discuss the most recent information with your doctor before traveling to areas where malaria occurs.10
PRIMIDONEA barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.This medication is used alone or with other medications to control seizures. Controlling and reducing seizures lets you do more of your normal daily activities, reduces your risk of harm when you lose consciousness, and lessens your risk for a possibly life-threatening condition of frequent, repeated seizures. Primidone belongs to a class of drugs known as barbiturate anticonvulsants. It works by controlling the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that occurs during a seizure.48
PRIMULA HENDERSONII WHOLE1
PRIMULA VERISA plant genus of the family PRIMULACEAE. It can cause CONTACT DERMATITIS. SAPONINS have been identified in the root.4
PRIMULA VERIS FLOWER32
PROBENECIDThe prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.This medication is used to prevent gout and gouty arthritis. It will not treat a sudden/severe attack of gout and may make it worse. Probenecid belongs to a class of drugs known as uricosurics. It lowers high levels of uric acid in your body by helping the kidneys to get rid of uric acid. When uric acid levels get too high, crystals can form in the joints, causing gout. Lowering uric acid levels may also help your kidneys. Probenecid may be prescribed in combination with certain antibiotics (such as penicillins). It increases the levels of antibiotic in the blood, which helps the antibiotic work better. Probenecid should not be used in children younger than 2 years.15
PROCAINAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDEA class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.13
PROCAINEA local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).1
PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEA local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).4
PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.6
PROCHLORPERAZINEA phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)This medication is used to treat severe nausea and vomiting from certain causes (for example, after surgery or cancer treatment). Prochlorperazine belongs to a class of drugs known as phenothiazines. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 2 years or in children going through surgery.5
PROCHLORPERAZINE EDISYLATEA phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)23
PROCHLORPERAZINE MALEATEA phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)This medication is used to treat severe nausea and vomiting from certain causes (for example, after surgery or cancer treatment). Prochlorperazine belongs to a class of drugs known as phenothiazines. This medication is not recommended for use in children younger than 2 years or in children going through surgery.38
PROCYCLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.1
PROFLAVINE HEMISULFATETopical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.1
PROGESTERONEThe major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Progesterone is a type of female hormone (progestin). This medication is similar to the progesterone that your body naturally makes. It is given to replace the hormone when your body is not making enough of it. In women who are not pregnant and have not gone through menopause, this medication is used to restore normal menstrual periods that have stopped for several months (amenorrhea). It is also used to treat abnormal bleeding from the uterus that is due to low hormone levels and not other causes (e.g., fibroids, cancer of the uterus). Progesterone must not be used to test for pregnancy. Progestins are not effective in preventing miscarriages.183
PROGLUMIDEA drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.1
PROGUANIL HYDROCHLORIDEA biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.22
PROLACTINA lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.1
PROLINEA non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.54
PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.181
PROPAFENONEAn antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.1
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDEAn antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.100
PROPANEDIOL5
PROPANTHELINE BROMIDEA muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.Propantheline is used with other medications to treat peptic ulcers. It works by decreasing the release of acid in the stomach.1
PROPARACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE10
PROPIOMAZINE MALEATE1
PROPOFOLAn intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.37
PROPOLIS WAX25
PROPRANOLOLA widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.2
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDEA widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.217
PROPYLENE GLYCOLA clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.121
PROPYLHEXEDRINE2
PROPYLPARABEN14
PROPYLTHIOURACILA thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534)Propylthiouracil is used to treat overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). It works by stopping the thyroid gland from making too much thyroid hormone. This medication is not recommended for use in children.11
PROPYPHENAZONE1
PROQUAZONE1
PROSOPIS JULIFLORA POLLEN23
PROSOPIS PALLIDA POLLEN2
PROSOPIS VELUTINA SEED3
PROTAMINE1
PROTAMINE SULFATE7
PROTEIN CA vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation.1
PROTEIN S HUMAN1
PROTEOGLYCAN 41
PROTEUS INCONSTANS6
PROTEUS MIRABILISA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Its most common site of infection is the urinary tract.9
PROTEUS MORGANII51
PROTEUS RETTGERI1
PROTEUS VULGARISA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis.53
PROTHROMBINA plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.1
PROTIRELIN2
PROTORTONIA CACTI68
PROTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDETricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.10
PRUCALOPRIDE SUCCINATEThis medication is used to treat chronic constipation. It is used when other medications used to treat constipation (such as laxatives) have not provided relief. Prucalopride works by improving how well your stomach and intestines move food through the bowels during digestion.10
PRUNELLA VULGARIS FLOWER7
PRUNUS ARMENIACA WHOLE1
PRUNUS AVIUM WHOLE1
PRUNUS CERASIFERA FLOWER57
PRUNUS CERASIFERA WHOLE7
PRUNUS DULCIS FLOWER2
PRUNUS DULCIS WHOLE1
PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS LEAF23
PRUNUS MUME FLOWER OIL1
PRUNUS PERSICA FLOWER2
PRUNUS PERSICA VAR. NUCIPERSICA WHOLE1
PRUNUS PERSICA WHOLE1
PRUNUS SEROTINA BARK1
PRUNUS SPINOSA BUDDING TOP1
PRUNUS SPINOSA FLOWER BUD31
PRUNUS SPINOSA WHOLE1
PRUNUS X YEDOENSIS FLOWER1
PSEUDOEPHEDRINEA phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.4
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.326
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SULFATE64
PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM LUTEOALBUM LEAF9
PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM OBTUSIFOLIUM40
PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM OBTUSIFOLIUM WHOLE10
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSAA species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.17
PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII POLLEN4
PSMA-HBED-CC4
PSYLLIUM HUSKThis medication is used to treat constipation. It increases the bulk in your stool, an effect that helps to cause movement of the intestines. It also works by increasing the amount of water in the stool, making the stool softer and easier to pass. Psyllium, one type of bulk-forming laxative, has also been used along with a proper diet to treat high cholesterol.44
PTELEA TRIFOLIATA BARK36
PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM ROOT1
PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM WHOLE13
PTYCHOPETALUM OLACOIDES ROOT1
PUERARIA MONTANA VAR. LOBATA ROOT2
PUERARIA MONTANA VAR. LOBATA WHOLE2
PULEX IRRITANS11
PULEX IRRITANS WHOLE1
PULMONARIA OFFICINALIS WHOLE3
PULSATILLA ALPINA WHOLE1
PULSATILLA PATENS WHOLE11
PULSATILLA PRATENSIS17
PULSATILLA PRATENSIS FLOWERING TOP2
PULSATILLA PRATENSIS WHOLE93
PULSATILLA VULGARIS214
PULSATILLA VULGARIS TOP1
PULSATILLA VULGARIS WHOLE63
PUMMELO1
PUMPKIN SEED4
PUNICA GRANATUM FLOWER1
PUNICA GRANATUM ROOT BARK18
PURSLANE1
PYRANTEL PAMOATEBroad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.29
PYRANTEL TARTRATEBroad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock.2
PYRAZINAMIDEA pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.Pyrazinamide is used with other medications to treat tuberculosis (TB). It is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.11
PYRETHRUM EXTRACT56
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDEA cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.Pyridostigmine is used to improve muscle strength in patients with a certain muscle disease (myasthenia gravis). It works by preventing the breakdown of a certain natural substance (acetylcholine) in your body. Acetylcholine is needed for normal muscle function.31
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS5
PYRIDOXINEThe 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).20
PYRIDOXINE DIPALMITATE1
PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDEThe 4-methanol form of VITAMIN B 6 which is converted to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990).148
PYRILAMINE MALEATEA histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.95
PYRIMETHAMINEOne of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.This medication is used with other medication (such as a sulfonamide) to treat a serious parasite infection (toxoplasmosis) of the body, brain, or eye or to prevent toxoplasmosis infection in people with HIV infection. Pyrimethamine belongs to a class of drugs known as antiparasitics. It works by killing parasites.19
PYRITHIONE ZINC362
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID4
PYRROLE9
PYRUVALDEHYDEAn organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.2
PYRUVIC ACIDAn intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)4
QUAHOG, UNSPECIFIED2
QUASSIA AMARA WOOD18
QUATERNIUM-181
QUAZEPAM3
QUEBRACHO BARK3
QUERCETINA flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.35
QUERCUS ACUTISSIMA WHOLE1
QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA POLLEN11
QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA WHOLE1
QUERCUS ALBA BARK1
QUERCUS ALBA POLLEN57
QUERCUS ALBA WHOLE4
QUERCUS ALBA WOOD2
QUERCUS GAMBELII POLLEN11
QUERCUS GARRYANA POLLEN14
QUERCUS GARRYANA WHOLE1
QUERCUS KELLOGGII POLLEN8
QUERCUS KELLOGGII WHOLE1
QUERCUS LOBATA POLLEN4
QUERCUS MACROCARPA POLLEN23
QUERCUS MARILANDICA POLLEN1
QUERCUS NIGRA POLLEN11
QUERCUS ROBUR FLOWER8
QUERCUS ROBUR FLOWER BUD4
QUERCUS ROBUR NUT21
QUERCUS ROBUR POLLEN2
QUERCUS ROBUR TWIG BARK7
QUERCUS ROBUR WHOLE29
QUERCUS RUBRA BARK3
QUERCUS RUBRA POLLEN76
QUERCUS RUBRA WHOLE9
QUERCUS SPP. WHOLE1
QUERCUS STELLATA POLLEN24
QUERCUS VELUTINA POLLEN23
QUERCUS VELUTINA WHOLE4
QUERCUS VIRGINIANA POLLEN33
QUETIAPINEA dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.4
QUETIAPINE FUMARATEA dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.This medication is used to treat certain mental/mood conditions (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sudden episodes of mania or depression associated with bipolar disorder). Quetiapine is known as an anti-psychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. This medication can decrease hallucinations and improve your concentration. It helps you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less nervous, and take a more active part in everyday life. It may also improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level. Quetiapine can help prevent severe mood swings or decrease how often mood swings occur.421
QUILLAJA SAPONARIA BARK4
QUINACRINEAn acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.1
QUINACRINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.4
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDEA tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.69
QUINCE11
QUINHYDRONE4
QUINIC ACIDAn acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed)1
QUINIDINE GLUCONATEThis medication is used to treat or prevent many types of irregular heartbeats (heart arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation). Quinidine can greatly improve your ability to perform normal activities by decreasing the number of irregular heartbeats you have. However, it may not stop all your irregular heartbeats completely. It works by blocking abnormal heartbeat signals. Before and while you are using quinidine, your doctor may prescribe other medications (e.g., "blood thinners"/anticoagulants such as warfarin, beta blockers such as metoprolol) to shrink any blood clots in the heart and to slow your pulse.5
QUINIDINE SULFATEAn optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.This medication is used to treat or prevent many types of irregular heartbeats (heart arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation). Quinidine can greatly improve your ability to perform normal activities by decreasing the number of irregular heartbeats you have. However, it may not stop all your irregular heartbeats completely. It works by blocking abnormal heartbeat signals. Before and while you are using quinidine, your doctor may prescribe other medications (e.g., "blood thinners"/anticoagulants such as warfarin, beta blockers such as metoprolol) to shrink any blood clots in the heart and to slow your pulse.11
QUININEAn alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.2
QUININE ARSENATE4
QUININE ARSENITE15
QUININE HYDROCHLORIDEAn alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.4
QUININE SALICYLATE3
QUININE SULFATEAn alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.This medication is used alone or with other medication to treat malaria caused by mosquito bites in countries where malaria is common. Malaria parasites can enter the body through these mosquito bites, and then live in body tissues such as red blood cells or the liver. This medication is used to kill the malaria parasites living inside red blood cells. In some cases, you may need to take a different medication (such as primaquine) to kill the malaria parasites living in other body tissues. Both drugs may be needed for a complete cure and to prevent the return of infection (relapse). Quinine belongs to a class of drugs known as antimalarials. It is not used for the prevention of malaria. The United States Centers for Disease Control provide updated guidelines and travel recommendations for the prevention and treatment of malaria in different parts of the world. Discuss the most recent information with your doctor before traveling to areas where malaria occurs.63
QUINONE1
QUISQUALIS INDICA FRUIT1
QUIZARTINIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE4
RABACFOSADINE SUCCINATE2
RABBIT3
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUMA 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Rabeprazole is used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems (such as acid reflux, ulcers). It works by decreasing the amount of acid your stomach makes. It relieves symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, and persistent cough. This medication helps heal acid damage to the stomach and esophagus, helps prevent ulcers, and may help prevent cancer of the esophagus. Rabeprazole belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).52
RACEMENTHOL3
RACEMETHIONINEA preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.2
RACEPINEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDEA racemic mixture of d-epinephrine and l-epinephrine.11
RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE3
RADISH34
RADIUM BROMIDE28
RADIUM RA-223 DICHLORIDE1
RAINBOW TROUTA large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows.1
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDEA second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.38
RALTEGRAVIR POTASSIUMA pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.Raltegravir is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Raltegravir is known as an integrase inhibitor. It blocks the virus from growing and infecting more cells. Raltegravir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.26
RAMELTEONThis medication is used to treat sleeplessness (insomnia). It helps you fall asleep faster so you can get a full night's rest. Sleep is important for your ability to function, think clearly, and remain alert. Lack of sleep can cause problems such as depression, heart disease and accidents. Getting enough sleep allows your mind and body to repair itself and increases your energy throughout the day. Ramelteon works like a natural substance called melatonin that is produced by your body. It helps regulate your sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm).41
RAMIPRILA long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.Ramipril is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Ramipril is also used to improve survival after a heart attack. It may also be used in high risk patients (such as patients with heart disease/diabetes) to help prevent heart attacks and strokes. This medication may also be used to treat heart failure in patients who have had a recent heart attack. Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor and works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily.97
RAMUCIRUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody and antagonist of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 (VEGFR2).Ramucirumab is used to treat various types of cancers. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.6
RANCID BEEF106
RANIBIZUMABA recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody fragment that binds VEGF-A to prevent its binding to VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors. This activity reduces vessel permeability and angiogenesis in the treatment of neovascular age-related MACULAR DEGENERATION.This medication is used to treat certain serious eye conditions (such as age-related macular degeneration, macular edema, diabetic retinopathy). It is used to help prevent decreased vision and blindness. Ranibizumab works by slowing the growth of abnormal new blood vessels in the eye and decreasing leakage from these blood vessels.13
RANITIDINEA non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.2
RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEA non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.54
RANOLAZINEAn acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.Ranolazine is used to treat a certain type of chest pain (chronic stable angina). It decreases the number of times you may get chest pain. Relieving symptoms of angina can increase your ability to exercise and perform strenuous work. Ranolazine works differently than other drugs for angina, so it can be used with your other angina medications (including nitrates, calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, beta blockers such as metoprolol). It is thought to work by improving how well the heart uses oxygen so that it can do more work with less oxygen.83
RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS51
RANUNCULUS BULBOSUS WHOLE14
RANUNCULUS FICARIA1
RANUNCULUS GLACIALIS WHOLE1
RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM WHOLE1
RAPHANUS SATIVUSA plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE known for its peppery red root.2
RASAGILINE1
RASAGILINE MESYLATERasagiline is used alone or with other medications (such as levodopa/carbidopa) to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It can help improve symptoms such as shakiness, stiffness, and difficulty moving. It can also help reduce the amount of "off" time (periods of slow movement or stiffness). Rasagiline belongs to a class of drugs known as MAO inhibitors. It works by increasing the levels of certain natural substances in the brain (such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin). Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by too little dopamine in the brain.25
RASAGILINE TARTRATE1
RASPBERRYA plant genus of the family Rosaceae whose members include blackberries and raspberries.2
RATTUS NORVEGICUS HAIR2
RATTUS NORVEGICUS SKIN8
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINAA plant genus of the APOCYNACEAE or dogbane family. Alkaloids from plants in this genus have been used as tranquilizers and antihypertensive agents. RESERPINE is derived from R. serpentina.12
RAVULIZUMAB6
RAVULIZUMAB-CWVZRavulizumab-cwvz is used to treat a certain blood disorder (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria). This disorder causes your body's immune system to destroy red blood cells, which results in anemia. It works by helping block your body's destruction of red blood cells. This effect helps lessen symptoms of anemia (such as tiredness, shortness of breath), and may reduce the need for blood transfusions. This medication may also be used to treat a certain immune system disorder (atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome). It helps to prevent blood clots caused by this disorder. Ravulizumab-cwvz belongs to a class of medications known as monoclonal antibodies.2
RAXIBACUMAB2
RAXTOZINAMERAN5
REBAMIPIDE1
REBOXETINE MESYLATEA morpholine derivative that is a selective and potent noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor; it is used in the treatment of DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.1
RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (ISOFORM L)1
RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (ISOFORM M)1
RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (ISOFORM S)1
RECOMBINANT VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN E ANTIGEN1
RED KING CRAB3
RED YEAST1
REGADENOSON17
REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS5
REGORAFENIBRegorafenib is used to treat cancer of the colon and rectum. It is also used to treat liver cancer and a certain cancer of the digestive system (gastrointestinal stromal tumor). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
REGORAFENIB ANHYDROUS1
REGORAFENIB MONOHYDRATE1
REHMANNIA GLUTINOSA ROOT4
REISHIA mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, of the POLYPORALES order of basidiomycetous fungi. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine in various forms.5
RELATLIMAB2
RELEBACTAM ANHYDROUS3
RELUGOLIX8
REMDESIVIR10
REMIFENTANIL HYDROCHLORIDEA piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.19
REMIMAZOLAM BESYLATE2
REPAGLINIDERepaglinide is used alone or with other medications to control high blood sugar along with a proper diet and exercise program. It is used in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. It works by stimulating the body to produce more insulin. Insulin is a natural substance that allows the body to properly use sugar from the diet.33
REPOTRECTINIB5
RESERPINEAn alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.2
RESLIZUMABThis medication is used along with other medications to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you do your normal activities and decreases time lost from work or school. Reslizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by reducing swelling (inflammation) of the airways in the lungs to make breathing easier. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks or breathing problems. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.2
RESMETIROM1
RESORCINOL26
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN INTRAVENOUS (HUMAN)1
RESVERATROLA stilbene and non-flavonoid polyphenol produced by various plants including grapes and blueberries. It has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and the activity of several DNA HELICASES in vitro.3
RETAPAMULIN2
RETATRUTIDE6
RETEPLASE2
RETIFANLIMAB2
RETINOL7
RETINYL RETINOATE1
REVEFENACINRevefenacin is a long-term medication used to treat an ongoing lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It must be used regularly to reduce and prevent symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Revefenacin does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.7
REVUMENIB CITRATE1
REYNOUTRIA JAPONICA LEAF1
REYNOUTRIA JAPONICA ROOT2
REZAFUNGIN2
RHAMNUS CATHARTICA FRUIT18
RHENIUMA metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.1
RHEUM OFFICINALE ROOT20
RHEUM PALMATUM ROOT8
RHEUM TANGUTICUM WHOLE3
RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS9
RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER55
RHODIOLA KIRILOWII ROOT1
RHODIOLA ROSEA ROOT1
RHODIUMA hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.20
RHODODENDRON AUREUM LEAF53
RHODODENDRON AUREUM WHOLE1
RHODODENDRON CAMPYLOCARPUM WHOLE1
RHODODENDRON INDICUM FLOWER1
RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM LEAFY TWIG108
RHODOTORULA MUCILAGINOSA8
RHODOTORULA RUBRA2
RHOPALURUS PRINCEPS VENOM3
RHUBARB5
RHUS AROMATICA ROOT BARK11
RHUS GLABRA TOP12
RHYNCHOPHYLLINE1
RIBAVIRINA nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.Ribavirin is used in combination with other antiviral medications (such as interferon, sofosbuvir) to treat chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. Chronic hepatitis C infection can cause serious liver problems such as scarring (cirrhosis), or liver cancer. Ribavirin works by reducing the amount of hepatitis C virus in your body, which may help your liver recover. It is not known if this treatment can prevent you from passing the virus to others. Do not share needles, and practice "safer sex" (including the use of latex condoms) to lower the risk of passing the virus to others.40
RIBES NIGRUM FLOWER BUD10
RIBES NIGRUM LEAF4
RIBOCICLIB1
RIBOCICLIB SUCCINATERibociclib is used to treat breast cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.8
RIBOFLAVINNutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE.121
RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM19
RIBOFLAVIN 5'-PHOSPHATE SODIUM DIHYDRATE1
RIBOSE, D-1
RICE BRAN1
RICE BRAN OILOIL extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice bran after the husk has been removed.1
RICE GERM3
RICINUS COMMUNIS SEED15
RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKIIA species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus fever acquired through contact with lice (TYPHUS, EPIDEMIC LOUSE-BORNE) as well as Brill's disease.30
RICKETTSIA RICKETTSIIA species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the etiologic agent of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER. Its cells are slightly smaller and more uniform in size than those of RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII.1
RIFABUTINA broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients.This medication is used alone or with another medication to help prevent a certain serious infection (Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC). Rifabutin is known as a rifamycin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats and prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.8
RIFAMPINA semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)This medication is a rifamycin antibiotic used to prevent and treat tuberculosis and other infections. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.36
RIFAMYCIN2
RIFAMYCIN O1
RIFAMYCIN SODIUM1
RIFAPENTINEThis medication is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. It may also be used with another medication (isoniazid) to prevent active TB infections in people who are infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test). Rifapentine is known as a rifamycin antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.5
RIFAXIMINA synthetic rifamycin derivative and anti-bacterial agent that is used for the treatment of GASTROENTERITIS caused by ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS. It may also be used in the treatment of HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY.This medication is used to treat diarrhea caused by the common bacteria known as E. coli ("traveler's diarrhea"). Rifaximin should not be used if you have a fever or bloody diarrhea. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections. Rifaximin is also used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. It is also used to prevent a brain problem caused by liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy). It may help you think more clearly.19
RILONACEPTThis medication is used to treat a certain group of inherited disorders called cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle-Wells syndrome. Rilonacept works by blocking a certain natural protein in your body (interleukin-1) that may worsen the symptoms of CAPS. Rilonacept does not cure CAPS, but it can help lessen the symptoms, including rash, joint pain, fever, and tiredness.2
RILPIVIRINEA diarylpyrimidine derivative and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS. It is also used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS, since ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE emerges rapidly when it is used alone.1
RILPIVIRINE HYDROCHLORIDEA diarylpyrimidine derivative and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS. It is also used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS, since ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE emerges rapidly when it is used alone.16
RILUZOLEA glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.This medication is used to treat a certain type of nerve disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also commonly called Lou Gehrig's disease). Riluzole helps to slow down the worsening of this disease and prolong survival. However, it is not a cure for ALS, and it does not reverse nerve damage or muscle weakness. Riluzole is thought to work by protecting the nerves in the brain and spinal cord from too much of a natural substance called glutamate that may be part of the cause of nerve damage.15
RILZABRUTINIB1
RIMABOTULINUMTOXINBThere are different types of botulinum toxin products (toxin A and B) with different uses (eye problems, muscle stiffness/spasms, migraines, cosmetic, overactive bladder). Different brands of this medication deliver different amounts of medication. Your doctor will choose the correct product for you. Botulinum toxin is used to treat certain eye disorders such as crossed eyes (strabismus) and uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm), to treat muscle stiffness/spasms or movement disorders (such as cervical dystonia, torticollis), and to reduce the cosmetic appearance of wrinkles. It is also used to prevent headaches in people with very frequent migraines. Botulinum toxin relaxes muscle by blocking the release of a chemical called acetylcholine. Botulinum toxin is also used to treat overactive bladder by patients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate the side effects of other medications. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feeling of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. It is also used to treat severe underarm sweating and drooling/excess saliva. Botulinum toxin works by blocking the chemicals that turn on the sweat and salivary glands. Botulinum toxin is not a cure, and your symptoms will gradually return as the medication wears off.3
RIMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.1
RIMEGEPANT1
RIMEGEPANT SULFATE6
RIMEXOLONE1
RINFABATE1
RIOCIGUATRiociguat is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). It can also be used to treat a certain type of high blood pressure in the lungs caused by blood clots (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) when surgery has not been fully successful or is impossible. Riociguat works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels in your lungs so blood can flow more easily. Decreasing high blood pressure in the lungs allows your heart and lungs to work better and improves your ability to exercise.11
RIPRETINIB5
RISANKIZUMAB9
RISDIPLAM1
RISEDRONATE SODIUMA pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.Risedronate is used to prevent and treat certain types of bone loss (osteoporosis) in adults. Osteoporosis causes bones to become thinner and break more easily. Your chance of developing osteoporosis increases as you age, after menopause, or if you are taking corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) for a long time. This medication works by slowing bone loss to help maintain strong bones and reduce the risk of broken bones (fractures). Risedronate belongs to a class of medications called bisphosphonates.21
RISEDRONATE SODIUM ANHYDROUS3
RISEDRONATE SODIUM HEMI-PENTAHYDRATE18
RISEDRONATE SODIUM MONOHYDRATE14
RISLENEMDAZ1
RISPERIDONEA selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.Risperidone is used to treat a certain mental/mood disorder called schizophrenia. This medication can decrease hallucinations, help you to think more clearly and positively about yourself, feel less agitated, and take a more active part in everyday life. Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug (atypical type). It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain.203
RITLECITINIB TOSYLATE3
RITONAVIRAn HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Ritonavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It increases ("boosts") the levels of other protease inhibitors, which helps these medications work better. Ritonavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.37
RITUXIMABA murine-derived monoclonal antibody and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that binds specifically to the CD20 ANTIGEN and is used in the treatment of LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.Rituximab is used to treat certain types of cancer (such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Some brands of rituximab are also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and can decrease joint pain and swelling. This drug is also used to treat certain types of blood vessel disease (such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis) and can decrease the swelling of the blood vessels. Rituximab is also used to treat a certain skin condition (pemphigus vulgaris). It helps to reduce the number of skin lesions. This monograph is about the following rituximab products: rituximab, rituximab-abbs, and rituximab-pvvr.18
RIVAROXABANA morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.Rivaroxaban is used to prevent blood clots from forming due to a certain irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation) or after hip or knee replacement surgery. It is also used to prevent blood clots from forming in high-risk patients with limited mobility during their hospital stay and after discharge. In addition, rivaroxaban is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and to prevent the blood clots from forming again. Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant that works by blocking certain clotting proteins in your blood.47
RIVASTIGMINEA carbamate-derived reversible CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR that is selective for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and is used for the treatment of DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE.Rivastigmine is used to treat confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease and to Parkinson's disease. Rivastigmine does not cure either of these diseases, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.44
RIVASTIGMINE TARTRATERivastigmine is used to treat confusion (dementia) related to Alzheimer's disease and to Parkinson's disease. Rivastigmine does not cure either of these diseases, but it may improve memory, awareness, and the ability to perform daily functions. This medication works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.57
RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATERizatriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Rizatriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that causes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Rizatriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.88
ROBENACOXIB1
ROBENIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry.1
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA BARK37
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA POLLEN7
ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA WHOLE1
ROCURONIUM BROMIDEAn androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.59
ROFLUMILASTRoflumilast is used to control and prevent symptoms (wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis). It should be used along with other medications (bronchodilators such as salmeterol, ipratropium) to treat COPD. It works by reducing the irritation and swelling of the airways. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath or wheezing. If sudden breathing problems occur, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.34
ROLAPITANT1
ROLAPITANT HYDROCHLORIDE3
ROLUPERIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ROMIDEPSINRomidepsin is used to treat certain types of cancer (cutaneous or peripheral T-cell lymphoma). Romidepsin works by stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
ROMIFIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ROMIPLOSTIMThis medication is used to treat a certain blood disorder (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura - ITP) in which the blood does not clot properly due to a lack of platelets. Platelets are a type of blood cell needed to form blood clots and prevent bleeding. Romiplostim decreases your risk of bleeding by increasing the number of platelets. Romiplostim acts like a certain natural substance (thrombopoietin) that causes the body to produce platelets.6
ROMOSOZUMAB2
RONIDAZOLEAntiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.3
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B1
ROPINIROLE6
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE147
ROPIVACAINEAn anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.1
ROPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.69
RORIPPA NASTURTIUM-AQUATICUMA plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE. Nasturtium is also used as a common name for TROPAEOLUM. The common name of watercress is also used for RORIPPA & TROPAEOLUM. This is the most popular of the edible cresses, is a hardy creeping perennial plant, native to Europe but extensively naturalized elsewhere in moist places.4
ROSA CALIFORNICA WHOLE6
ROSA CANINA FLOWER15
ROSA CANINA FRUIT11
ROSA CANINA FRUIT OIL2
ROSA CANINA LEAF5
ROSA CANINA SEED OIL1
ROSA CANINA WHOLE1
ROSA CHINENSIS FLOWER1
ROSA DAMASCENA FLOWERING TOP7
ROSA LUCIAE FLOWERING TOP1
ROSA MOSCHATA OIL2
ROSA RUGOSA FLOWER2
ROSA X DAMASCENA FLOWERING TOP9
ROSE BENGAL LACTONE1
ROSE BENGAL SODIUM1
ROSE PETAL EXTRACT1
ROSEMARY5
ROSEMARY OIL2
ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATEA thiazolidinedione that functions as a selective agonist for PPAR GAMMA. It improves INSULIN SENSITIVITY in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver of patients with TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.Rosiglitazone is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Rosiglitazone belongs to the class of drugs known as glitazones. It lowers blood sugar by helping to restore your body's proper response to insulin.2
ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS FLOWER1
ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP54
ROSUVASTATINA HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.11
ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUMA HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR, or statin, that reduces the plasma concentrations of LDL-CHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN B, and TRIGLYCERIDES while increasing HDL-CHOLESTEROL levels in patients with HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA and those at risk for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps to prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Talk with your doctor for more details.280
ROTIGOTINERotigotine is used alone or with other medications to treat Parkinson's disease. It can improve your ability to move and decrease shakiness (tremor), stiffness, slowed movement, and unsteadiness. Rotigotine is also used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS). Rotigotine is a dopamine agonist that works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (dopamine) in the brain.19
ROTIGOTINE HYDROCHLORIDE1
ROXADUSTAT8
ROYAL JELLY11
ROZANOLIXIZUMAB1
RUBELLA VIRUSThe type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.12
RUBELLA VIRUS STRAIN WISTAR RA 27/3 LIVE ANTIGEN3
RUBIA CORDIFOLIA ROOT1
RUBIA TINCTORUM ROOT12
RUBIA TINCTORUM WHOLE1
RUBIDIUMAn element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.3
RUBIDIUM BROMIDE8
RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE7
RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE RB-822
RUBIDIUM FLUORIDE8
RUBIDIUM IODIDE8
RUBIDIUM NITRITE17
RUBUS FRUTICOSUS LEAF4
RUBUS IDAEUS LEAF4
RUBUS URSINUS WHOLE2
RUCAPARIB CAMSYLATEThis medication is used to treat certain cancers (such as ovarian, fallopian tube, peritoneal, prostate cancer). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.12
RUDBECKIA HIRTA WHOLE2
RUEHSSIA CUNDURANGO BARK3
RUFINAMIDERufinamide is used with other medications to prevent or control seizures (epilepsy) associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). This medication is an anticonvulsant. Rufinamide is thought to work by acting on the sodium channels in the brain that carry excessive electrical charges that may cause seizures.35
RUMEX ACETOSELLA POLLEN56
RUMEX ACETOSELLA WHOLE1
RUMEX CRISPUS POLLEN54
RUMEX CRISPUS ROOT78
RUMEX CRISPUS TOP1
RUMEX CRISPUS WHOLE1
RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS POLLEN10
RUPATADINE1
RUSCUS ACULEATUS WHOLE1
RUTA GRAVEOLENS FLOWERING TOP166
RUTA GRAVEOLENS WHOLE9
RUTHENIUMA hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.9
RUTHENIUM TRIBROMIDE15
RUTHENIUM TRICHLORIDE7
RUTINA flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.17
RUXOLITINIB17
RUXOLITINIB HYDROCHLORIDE1
RUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATEThis medication is used to treat certain bone marrow disorders (myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera). It works by blocking your body from producing substances called growth factors. Growth factors cause cells to grow and divide, and cause the blood cell and spleen problems found in these disorders. Ruxolitinib belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors. Though not a cure for these disorders, ruxolitinib may help with some of the symptoms, including abdominal discomfort, pain under left ribs, early feelings of fullness from meals, night sweats, itching, and bone/muscle pain. Ruxolitinib is also used to treat a certain problem that may occur after certain stem cell or bone marrow transplants (graft versus host disease). It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system).12
RYE13
SABIZABULIN3
SABIZABULIN HYDROCHLORIDE1
SABIZATBULIN HYDROCHLORIDE1
SACCHARINFlavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.11
SACCHARIN SODIUMFlavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.1
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAEA species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.51
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE RNA58
SACCHAROMYCES LYSATE1
SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM WHOLE1
SACITUZUMAB1
SACITUZUMAB GOVITECAN2
SACROSIDASEA glycoside hydrolase found primarily in PLANTS and YEASTS. It has specificity for beta-D-fructofuranosides such as SUCROSE.2
SACUBITRIL8
SACUBITRIL VALSARTAN SODIUM ANHYDROUS1
SACUBITRIL VALSARTAN SODIUM HYDRATE9
SAFFLOWER3
SAFFRONA plant genus, in the IRIDACEAE family, known as a source of Saffron.41
SAFINAMIDE1
SAFINAMIDE MESYLATESafinamide is used with another medication (levodopa/carbidopa) to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease. It can help improve symptoms such as shakiness, stiffness, and difficulty moving. It can also help reduce the amount of "off" time (periods of slow movement or stiffness). Safinamide belongs to a class of drugs known as MAO inhibitors. It works by increasing the levels of certain natural substances in the brain (such as dopamine). Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by too little dopamine in the brain.7
SAGE44
SALCAPROZATE SODIUM4
SALICYLAMIDE2
SALICYLIC ACIDA compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.This medication is used on the skin to treat common skin and foot (plantar) warts. Salicylic acid helps cause the wart to gradually peel off. This medication is also used to help remove corns and calluses. This product should not be used on the face or on moles, birthmarks, warts with hair growing from them, or genital/anal warts. Salicylic acid is a keratolytic. It belongs to the same class of drugs as aspirin (salicylates). It works by increasing the amount of moisture in the skin and dissolving the substance that causes the skin cells to stick together. This makes it easier to shed the skin cells. Warts are caused by a virus. Salicylic acid does not affect the virus.1258
SALIX ALBA BARK12
SALIX ALBA FLOWER8
SALIX ALBA FLOWERING TOP9
SALIX ALBA WHOLE2
SALIX LASIOLEPIS POLLEN3
SALIX NIGRA BARK30
SALIX NIGRA POLLEN56
SALIX PURPUREA BARK7
SALIX X FRAGILIS POLLEN2
SALMETEROL XINAFOATEA selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.Salmeterol is used as a long-term (maintenance) treatment to prevent or decrease wheezing and trouble breathing caused by asthma or ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema). It should only be used long-term if your asthma symptoms are not controlled by your other asthma medications (such as inhaled corticosteroids). Salmeterol must not be used alone to treat asthma. (See also Warning section.) It is also used to prevent asthma brought on by exercise (bronchospasm). Salmeterol works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication does not work right away and should not be used for sudden attacks of breathing trouble. Your doctor must prescribe a quick-relief medicine/inhaler (e.g., albuterol) for sudden shortness of breath/asthma attacks while you are on this medication. You should always have a quick-relief inhaler with you. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. This medication should be used in combination with other medications such as long-acting inhaled corticosteroids. However, it should not be used with other long-acting inhaled beta agonists (e.g., formoterol, combination salmeterol/fluticasone) since this may increase your risk for side effects. It is recommended that children and teenagers, who need to use salmeterol to treat their asthma, should use a combination salmeterol/fluticasone product. Check with your child's doctor to see if this product is the right product for your child. In patients with asthma, this medication should not be used when breathing problems can be controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., flunisolide, fluticasone) and occasional61
SALMON, UNSPECIFIED5
SALMONELLA ENTERICA ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS13
SALMONELLA ENTERICA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI12
SALMONELLA ENTERICA SUBSP. ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS40
SALMONELLA ENTERICA SUBSP. ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI15
SALMONELLA TYPHI TY2 VI POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN3
SALMONELLA TYPHI TY21A LIVE ANTIGEN1
SALSALATESalsalate is used to relieve pain from various conditions. It also reduces pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).16
SALSOLA KALI POLLEN18
SALSOLA KALI WHOLE2
SALSOLA TRAGUS POLLEN16
SALSOLINOL1
SALSOLINOL HYDROCHLORIDE2
SALSOLINOL HYDROCHLORIDE, (+/-)-2
SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA WHOLE1
SALVIA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP2
SALVIA OFFICINALIS WHOLE9
SALVIA PRATENSIS LEAF1
SALVIA ROSMARINUS FLOWER1
SALVIA ROSMARINUS FLOWERING TOP2
SAMARIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.28
SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS FLOWER3
SAMBUCUS NIGRA FLOWER24
SAMBUCUS NIGRA FLOWERING TOP96
SAMIDORPHAN L-MALATE13
SANDALWOOD OIL9
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS ROOT119
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS WHOLE1
SANGUINARINE NITRATE8
SANICULA EUROPAEA LEAF8
SANICULA EUROPAEA TOP1
SANTONINAnthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)9
SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS ROOT5
SAPOSHNIKOVIA DIVARICATA ROOT3
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDEThis medication is used along with diet changes for long-term treatment of a certain inherited disorder (phenylketonuria-PKU). It helps remove a certain chemical (phenylalanine) from the body. Too much phenylalanine in the body can cause brain damage.26
SAQUINAVIR MESYLATEAn HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.Saquinavir, used in combination with ritonavir and other HIV medications, is used to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Saquinavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It must be given with ritonavir, another protease inhibitor, to increase ("boost") the levels of saquinavir. This helps saquinavir work better. Saquinavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.2
SARACA INDICA BARK1
SARCOBATUS VERMICULATUS POLLEN2
SARECYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE4
SARGRAMOSTIMSargramostim is a man-made version of a certain natural substance made in your body. It is used to help your body make more white blood cells. White blood cells are important to help you fight off infections. Sargramostim is given to people whose ability to make white blood cells is reduced (for instance, due to chemotherapy or exposure to large amounts of radiation). It is also used in certain treatment procedures (such as bone marrow/stem cell transplant).1
SARILUMABThis medication is used alone or with other medications to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. It helps to reduce pain and swelling due to rheumatoid arthritis. Sarilumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking Interleukin-6, a substance made by the body that causes swelling (inflammation) in areas affected by rheumatoid arthritis.6
SAROCLADIUM STRICTUM8
SAROLANER18
SARRACENIA PURPUREA11
SARRACENIA PURPUREA WHOLE1
SARSAPARILLA45
SARSAPARILLA ROOT2
SARS-COV-2 SPIKE GLYCOPROTEIN VACCINE ANTIGEN NVX-COV23733
SASSAFRAS ALBIDUM ROOT BARK2
SATRALIZUMAB1
SAURURUS CHINENSIS WHOLE2
SAW PALMETTO87
SAXAGLIPTIN4
SAXAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE23
SAXAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE8
SAXAGLIPTIN MONOHYDRATE4
SAXIFRAGA GRANULATA FLOWERING TOP1
SAXIFRAGA GRANULATA WHOLE3
SCABIES LESION LYSATE (HUMAN)10
SCALLOP, UNSPECIFIED1
SCANDIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.19
SCANDIUM CHLORIDE8
SCANDIUM IODIDE16
SCANDIUM NITRATE8
SCANDIUM OXIDE8
SCHINUS MOLLE BARK1
SCHINUS MOLLE FRUITING TOP1
SCHINUS MOLLE POLLEN12
SCHINUS TEREBINTHIFOLIA POLLEN5
SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS FRUIT7
SCHOENOCAULON OFFICINALE SEED149
SCHORL TOURMALINE5
SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS FLOWERING TOP6
SCLERANTHUS ANNUUS WHOLE2
SCOLOPENDRA SUBSPINIPES1
SCOPOLAMINEAn alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Its many uses include an anesthetic premedication, the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and MOTION SICKNESS, an antispasmodic, and a mydriatic and cycloplegic.This skin patch is used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or recovery from anesthesia and surgery. This medication works by correcting the imbalance of natural substances (acetylcholine and norepinephrine) that can occur in motion sickness. It also blocks certain signals to the brain that can cause nausea and vomiting. This medication is not recommended for use in children.14
SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE15
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA51
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA LEAF WITH STEM1
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA WHOLE17
SCUTELLARIA BAICALENSIS ROOT1
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA14
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA TOP2
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFLORA WHOLE38
SEA SALT2
SEA SCALLOP2
SEBELIPASE ALFA3
SECALE CEREALE POLLEN13
SECALE CEREALE WHOLE3
SECNIDAZOLEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of vaginal infection (bacterial vaginosis). Secnidazole is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.7
SECRETIN HUMAN2
SECUKINUMABThis medication is used to treat plaque psoriasis and certain types of arthritis (such as arthritis of the spine, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis). Secukinumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking a certain natural protein in your body (interleukin-17A) that may cause inflammation and swelling.4
SEDUM ACRE4
SEDUM ACRE WHOLE1
SEDUM ROSEUM ROOT8
SEDUM ROSEUM WHOLE8
SEGESTERONE ACETATE4
SELAMECTIN7
SELEGILINEA selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.Selegiline is an antidepressant (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) that treats depression by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Selegiline can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. This medication is a patch for use on the skin.5
SELEGILINE HYDROCHLORIDEA selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.20
SELENICEREUS GRANDIFLORUS STEM64
SELENICEREUS GRANDIFLORUS WHOLE4
SELENIOUS ACIDA selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.10
SELENIUMAn element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.220
SELENIUM DIOXIDEInorganic compounds formed through the oxidation of selenium.8
SELENIUM SULFIDEThis medication is used to treat dandruff and a certain scalp infection (seborrheic dermatitis). It reduces itching, flaking, irritation, and redness of the scalp. Selenium sulfide is also used for a condition that causes discoloration of the skin (tinea versicolor). This medication belongs to a class of medications called anti-infectives. It works by slowing the growth of the yeast that causes the infection.47
SELENIUM TETRABROMIDE8
SELENOCYSTEINEA naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.3
SELENOMETHIONINEDiagnostic aid in pancreas function determination.1
SELEXIPAGSelexipag is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension-PAH). It is used to help slow down worsening of PAH and to decrease the chance of needing treatment in a hospital. Selexipag works by making it easier for blood to flow through the arteries in your lungs. This effect helps increase your ability to exercise.15
SELINEXORThis medication is used to treat cancer. Selinexor works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.9
SELPERCATINIB10
SELUMETINIB4
SELUMETINIB SULFATE2
SEMAGLUTIDESemaglutide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Semaglutide is also used in people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease to lower the risk of death from heart attack or stroke. Semaglutide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (incretin). It works by causing insulin release in response to high blood sugar (such as after a meal) and decreasing the amount of sugar your liver makes. If you use insulin, semaglutide is not a substitute for insulin treatment.49
SEMAX3
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM FRUIT4
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM JUICE103
SEMPERVIVUM TECTORUM LEAF10
SENECIO VULGARIS1
SENEGALIA CATECHU WOOD1
SENNA LEAF35
SENNA OCCIDENTALISA plant genus of the family FABACEAE. SENNA EXTRACT is obtained from members of this genus. Members contain ANTHRAQUINONES and have been an ingredient in laxatives (CATHARTICS). Many species of the CASSIA genus have been reclassified into this genus. This bush should not be confused with the Cassia tree (CINNAMOMUM).1
SENNA PODS1
SENNOSIDESMedications derived from SENNA EXTRACT that are used to treat CONSTIPATION.Sennosides are used to treat constipation. They may also be used to clean out the intestines before a bowel examination/surgery. Sennosides are known as stimulant laxatives. They work by keeping water in the intestines, which causes movement of the intestines.365
SENNOSIDES A AND B32
SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICE341
SEPIA OFFICINALIS WHOLE2
SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS BARK1
SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS WHOLE1
SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM WHOLE4
SERDEXMETHYLPHENIDATE CHLORIDE6
SERENOA REPENS WHOLE3
SERINEA non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.56
SERINUS CANARIA FEATHER9
SERMORELIN ACETATEThe biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.4
SEROTONINA biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.11
SEROTONIN HYDROCHLORIDE56
SERRATED SWIMMING CRAB, COOKED1
SERRATIA MARCESCENSA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and clinical specimens. It is a prominent opportunistic pathogen for hospitalized patients.1
SERTACONAZOLE NITRATEThis medication is used to treat athlete's foot. It is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.4
SERTRALINEA selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.1
SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDEA selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.209
SERUM, HORSE1
SESAME OILThe refined fixed oil obtained from the seed of one or more cultivated varieties of Sesamum indicum. It is used as a solvent and oleaginous vehicle for drugs and has been used internally as a laxative and externally as a skin softener. It is used also in the manufacture of margarine, soap, and cosmetics. (Dorland, 28th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)2
SESAME SEED13
SESAMUM INDICUM WHOLE1
SETMELANOTIDE1
SETMELANOTIDE ACETATE1
SEVELAMER CARBONATEA polymeric amine that binds phosphate and is used to treat HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA in patients with kidney disease.Sevelamer is used to lower high blood phosphorus (phosphate) levels in patients who are on dialysis due to severe kidney disease. Dialysis removes some phosphate from your blood, but it is difficult to remove enough to keep your phosphate levels balanced. Decreasing blood phosphate levels can help keep your bones strong, prevent unsafe buildup of minerals in your body, and possibly decrease the risk of heart disease and strokes that can result from high phosphate levels. Sevelamer works by holding onto phosphate from the diet so that it can pass out of your body.52
SEVELAMER HYDROCHLORIDEA polymeric amine that binds phosphate and is used to treat HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA in patients with kidney disease.15
SEVOFLURANEA non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.20
SHARK CARTILAGE4
SHEA BUTTER3
SHEANUT OIL1
SHEEP WOOL3
SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAEA species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium.28
SHIGELLA SONNEIA lactose-fermenting bacterium causing dysentery.4
SHIITAKE MUSHROOMMushrooms in the order AGARICALES containing B vitamins, cortinelin, and the polysaccharide LENTINAN.1
SHRIMP, UNSPECIFIED4
SIBOFIMLOC1
SILDENAFILA PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.2
SILDENAFIL CITRATEA PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.Sildenafil is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels in your lungs which allows the blood to flow more easily. Decreasing high blood pressure in the lungs allows your heart and lungs to work better and improves your ability to exercise. This medication is not recommended for use in children. Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with the doctor.231
SILENE LACINIATA WHOLE2
SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE2
SILICA, TRIMETHYLSILYL CAPPED1
SILICONA trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].10
SILICON DIOXIDETransparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.588
SILICON MONOXIDE8
SILICON NITRIDE8
SILICON TETRACHLORIDE8
SILODOSINSilodosin is used by men to treat the symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH). It does not shrink the prostate, but it works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and the bladder. This helps to relieve symptoms of BPH such as difficulty in beginning the flow of urine, weak stream, and the need to urinate often or urgently (including during the middle of the night). Silodosin belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha blockers. Do not use this medication to treat high blood pressure.38
SILODRATE2
SILTUXIMABSiltuximab is used to treat a certain rare illness (multicentric Castleman's disease - MCD) if you do not have HIV or herpes infections. Siltuximab blocks a certain natural substance that affects the immune system. Siltuximab can improve the symptoms of MCD including lumps under the skin, fever, weakness or tiredness, or night sweats.2
SILVERAn element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.256
SILVER CARBONATE1
SILVER CATION1
SILVER CHLORIDE12
SILVER FLUORIDE2
SILVER IODIDE16
SILVER NITRATEA silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.244
SILVER NITRITE3
SILVER PHOSPHATE9
SILVER SULFADIAZINEAntibacterial used topically in burn therapy.This medication is used with other treatments to help prevent and treat wound infections in patients with serious burns. Silver sulfadiazine works by stopping the growth of bacteria that may infect an open wound. This helps to decrease the risk of the bacteria spreading to surrounding skin, or to the blood where it can cause a serious blood infection (sepsis). Silver sulfadiazine belongs to a class of drugs known as sulfa antibiotics. Silver sulfadiazine must not be used on premature babies or on newborns during the first 2 months of life because of the risk of serious side effects.35
SILVER SULFIDE6
SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED22
SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED OIL1
SIMABA CEDRON SEED10
SIMVASTATINA derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.Simvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower "bad" cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise "good" cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as "statins." It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver. Lowering "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides and raising "good" cholesterol decreases the risk of heart disease and helps prevent strokes and heart attacks. In addition to eating a proper diet (such as a low-cholesterol/low-fat diet), other lifestyle changes that may help this medication work better include exercising, losing weight if overweight, and stopping smoking. Consult your doctor for more details.277
SINAPIS ARVENSIS FLOWERING/FRUITING TOP16
SINAPIS ARVENSIS WHOLE2
SINCALIDEAn octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.8
SINECATECHINSSinecatechins are used to treat warts on and around the genitals and anus. These warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Sinecatechins are natural substances found in certain green tea leaves. It is not known how this medication works. This medication does not cure warts, but it may help the infection clear faster. New warts may occur during or after treatment. This medication does not prevent the spread of warts through sexual contact, and it may weaken condoms and diaphragms. Talk to your doctor about safer sex practices.2
SINUSITISINUM19
SIPONIMODThis medication is used to treat a certain type of multiple sclerosis (relapsing multiple sclerosis-MS). Siponimod is not a cure for MS but it is thought to help by preventing immune system cells (lymphocytes) from attacking the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. It helps decrease the number of episodes of disease worsening (relapses) and may prevent or delay disability.4
SIPONIMOD HEMIFUMARIC ACID2
SIPULEUCEL-T1
SIROLIMUSA macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.Sirolimus is used with other medications to prevent rejection of a kidney transplant. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new organ as if it were your own. Sirolimus may also be used to treat a certain lung disease (lymphangioleiomyomatosis-LAM).56
SISOMICINAntibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).1
SITAGLIPTINA pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.21
SITAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE5
SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATEA pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.Sitagliptin is used with a proper diet and exercise program and possibly with other medications to control high blood sugar. It is used in people with type 2 diabetes. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Sitagliptin is a diabetes drug that works by increasing levels of natural substances called incretins. Incretins help to control blood sugar by increasing insulin release, especially after a meal. They also decrease the amount of sugar your liver makes.76
SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUSA pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.7
SIVELESTAT SODIUM1
SIZOFIRANA beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.1
SKATOLE12
SKIM MILK36
SLOE28
SMILAX ARISTOLOCHIIFOLIA ROOT2
SMILAX ORNATA ROOT88
SMILAX ORNATA WHOLE6
SNAIL, UNSPECIFIED6
SNOW CRAB, UNSPECIFIED1
SODIUMA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.2
SODIUM 1,2-DIPALMITOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHO-(1'-RAC-GLYCEROL)2
SODIUM 2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONATE MONOHYDRATE1
SODIUM ACETATEThe trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.52
SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS10
SODIUM ALGINATESalts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS.1
SODIUM ARSENATE, DIBASIC HEPTAHYDRATE1
SODIUM ARSENATE, DIBASIC, HEPTAHYDRATE13
SODIUM ASCORBATEA six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.20
SODIUM BENZENESULFONATE2
SODIUM BENZOATEThe sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.34
SODIUM BICARBONATEA white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.242
SODIUM BISULFITE1
SODIUM BORATE79
SODIUM BROMIDE13
SODIUM CAPRATE1
SODIUM CAPRYLATE1
SODIUM CARBONATE90
SODIUM CARBONATE MONOHYDRATE1
SODIUM CHLORIDEA ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.This product is used to treat dryness inside the nose (nasal passages). It helps add moisture inside the nose to dissolve and soften thick or crusty mucus. In babies and young children with stuffy noses who cannot blow their noses, using this product helps to make the mucus easier to remove with a nasal bulb syringe. This helps relieve stuffiness and makes breathing easier. This product contains a purified gentle salt solution (also called saline or sodium chloride solution). It does not contain any medication.868
SODIUM CHLORITE12
SODIUM CITRATESodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.31
SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM11
SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE3
SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE1
SODIUM DIETHYL OXALACETATE58
SODIUM FERRIC GLUCONATE COMPLEX6
SODIUM FLUORIDEA source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.This medication is used to prevent cavities. It makes teeth stronger and more resistant to decay caused by acid and bacteria. Talk to your dentist or doctor about the benefits and risks of this product. This medication is not recommended for use in infants less than 6 months of age. This medication is not recommended for use in areas where the fluoride content in the water supply is greater than 0.6 parts per million. See Notes section for more information.1131
SODIUM FLUORIDE F-1811
SODIUM GLUCONATE18
SODIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE1
SODIUM GLYCEROPHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS3
SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE1
SODIUM HYDROXIDEA highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)1
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITEIt is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Dakin's solution is used to prevent and treat skin and tissue infections that could result from cuts, scrapes and pressure sores. It is also used before and after surgery to prevent surgical wound infections. Dakin's solution is a type of hypochlorite solution. It is made from bleach that has been diluted and treated to decrease irritation. Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's solution, is a strong antiseptic that kills most forms of bacteria and viruses.2
SODIUM IODATE8
SODIUM IODIDEA compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.12
SODIUM IODIDE I-1237
SODIUM IODIDE I-1314
SODIUM LACTATEThe sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.54
SODIUM LACTATE, L-2
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE12
SODIUM METABISULFITE1
SODIUM MOLYBDATE2
SODIUM MOLYBDATE MO-996
SODIUM MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE169
SODIUM NIOBIUM(V) OXIDE8
SODIUM NITRATE18
SODIUM NITRITENitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.6
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE32
SODIUM OXALATEA strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.1
SODIUM OXIDE8
SODIUM OXYBATEThe sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.This medication is used to treat narcolepsy, a condition that causes severe daytime sleepiness. Sodium oxybate can decrease daytime sleepiness and also reduce the number of sudden short attacks of weak/paralyzed muscles (known as cataplexy) that can occur in patients with narcolepsy. Sodium oxybate is a central nervous system depressant. It is also known as gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB).15
SODIUM PERBORATE MONOHYDRATE2
SODIUM PHENYLACETATE16
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATEThis medication is used along with diet changes for long-term treatment of a certain inherited disorder (urea cycle disorder). It helps remove a certain chemical (ammonia) from the body. Too much ammonia in the body can cause brain damage and sometimes death. This medication should not be used to treat sudden, severely high levels of ammonia in the body. Seek immediate medical attention if you have sudden symptoms of too much ammonia, such as trouble thinking, vomiting, irritability, trouble speaking, trouble walking, fainting.23
SODIUM PHOSPHATE9
SODIUM PHOSPHATE DIBASIC DIHYDRATE1
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC18
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS18
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, DIHYDRATE3
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, HEPTAHYDRATE101
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, UNSPECIFIED FORM32
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC11
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, ANHYDROUS3
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, DIHYDRATE2
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, MONOHYDRATE61
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC, UNSPECIFIED FORM32
SODIUM PICOSULFATE7
SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATEThis medication is used to treat a high level of potassium in your blood. Too much potassium in your blood can sometimes cause heart rhythm problems. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate works by helping your body get rid of extra potassium.23
SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE18
SODIUM PYRROLIDONE CARBOXYLATE2
SODIUM PYRUVATE27
SODIUM SALICYLATEA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)32
SODIUM SELENITEThe disodium salt of selenious acid. It is used therapeutically to supply the trace element selenium and is prepared by the reaction of SELENIUM DIOXIDE with SODIUM HYDROXIDE.1
SODIUM STEARYL FUMARATE1
SODIUM SULFATE214
SODIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS16
SODIUM SULFIDE3
SODIUM SULFIDE ANHYDROUS1
SODIUM SULFIDE NONAHYDRATE4
SODIUM TAUROCHOLATEThe product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.2
SODIUM TETRACHLOROAURATE33
SODIUM TETRADECYL SULFATEAn anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins.2
SODIUM THIOSULFATE9
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE8
SODIUM ZIRCONIUM CYCLOSILICATEThis medication is used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood. It works by binding to potassium in the gut. This medication does not work right away, and should not be used to treat life-threatening high levels of potassium. High potassium levels can cause symptoms such as nausea, muscle weakness/tiredness, irregular heartbeats, or paralysis.6
SOFOSBUVIRA uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.Sofosbuvir is used with other antiviral medications (such as ribavirin, peginterferon, daclatasvir) to treat chronic (long-lasting) hepatitis C, a viral infection of the liver. It works by reducing the amount of hepatitis C virus in your body, which may help your liver recover. Chronic hepatitis C infection can cause serious liver problems such as scarring (cirrhosis), or liver cancer. Sofosbuvir in combination with other antiviral medications reduces the amount of hepatitis C virus in the body and helps the body's immune system fight the infection. It is not known if this treatment can prevent you from passing the virus to others. Do not share needles, and practice "safer sex" (including the use of latex condoms) to lower the risk of passing the virus to others. Sofosbuvir must be used in combination treatment to have the best effect. Do not use sofosbuvir alone to treat hepatitis C.30
SOLANUM DULCAMARA FLOWER6
SOLANUM DULCAMARA STEM12
SOLANUM DULCAMARA TOP130
SOLANUM DULCAMARA WHOLE13
SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUMA plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.13
SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM FRUITING TOP1
SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM WHOLE1
SOLANUM NIGRUM FRUIT1
SOLANUM NIGRUM TOP2
SOLANUM NIGRUM WHOLE23
SOLANUM TUBEROSUMA plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.12
SOLANUM TUBEROSUM WHOLE4
SOLENOPSIS INVICTA13
SOLENOPSIS RICHTERI5
SOLIDAGO CALIFORNICA WHOLE1
SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS FLOWERING TOP8
SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS POLLEN34
SOLIDAGO CANADENSIS WHOLE4
SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA FLOWERING TOP173
SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA POLLEN1
SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA WHOLE1
SOLIFENACIN SUCCINATEA quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE.Solifenacin is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, solifenacin improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics.88
SOLRIAMFETOL7
SOLRIAMFETOL HYDROCHLORIDE3
SOMAPACITAN3
SOMATROGON2
SOMATROPINA 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.Various brands of this medication are used for the treatment of one of the following medical conditions: growth failure, growth hormone deficiency, intestinal disorder (short bowel syndrome) or HIV-related weight loss or wasting. Somatropin is also used to increase height in children with certain disorders (such as Noonan syndrome, Turner syndrome, idiopathic short stature).41
SONIDEGIB1
SONIDEGIB PHOSPHATEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma).4
SOPHORA FLAVESCENS ROOT2
SORAFENIBA niacinamide and phenylurea derivative that inhibits multiple intracellular and cell surface kinases thought to be involved in ANGIOGENESIS, including RAF KINASES and VEGF RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of advanced RENAL CELL CARCINOMA and HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, and for treatment of THYROID CARCINOMA refractory to radioactive iodine therapy.11
SORAFENIB TOSYLATEA niacinamide and phenylurea derivative that inhibits multiple intracellular and cell surface kinases thought to be involved in ANGIOGENESIS, including RAF KINASES and VEGF RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of advanced RENAL CELL CARCINOMA and HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, and for treatment of THYROID CARCINOMA refractory to radioactive iodine therapy.Sorafenib is used to treat kidney, liver, and thyroid cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.10
SORBIC ACIDMold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.5
SORBITAN ISOSTEARATE1
SORBITAN MONOLAURATE1
SORBITOLA polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.This medication is used as a laxative to treat occasional episodes of constipation. Depending on the brand, this product may be taken by mouth and/or given rectally. Some products may only be given rectally. Be sure to check the label on your product for how to take your specific product.17
SORBUS DOMESTICA WHOLE2
SORGHUMA plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.3
SORGHUM BICOLOR POLLEN14
SORGHUM BICOLOR WHOLE5
SORGHUM HALEPENSE POLLEN58
SORGHUM X DRUMMONDII POLLEN16
SORGHUM X DRUMMONDII WHOLE2
SOTAGLIFLOZIN4
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDEAn adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.89
SOTORASIB5
SOTROVIMAB1
SOUTHERN FLOUNDER2
SOYBEANAn annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.13
SOYBEAN OILOil from soybean or soybean plant.24
SPARSENTAN5
SPECTINOMYCINAn antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.3
SPECTINOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEAn antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.4
SPECTINOMYCIN SULFATE1
SPECTINOMYCIN SULFATE TETRAHYDRATE1
SPERMIDINEA polyamine formed from putrescine. It is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. It is found as a cation at all pH values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. It is a precursor of spermine.2
SPERMINEA biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.2
SPESOLIMAB2
SPHAGNUM SQUARROSUM PEAT2
SPIGELIAA plant family of the order Gentianales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. They have leaflike appendages at the base of the leafstalks, have terminal flower clusters. Petals have four or five overlapping lobes and the fruit is a capsule containing winged or wingless seeds.1
SPIGELIA ANTHELMIA53
SPIGELIA ANTHELMIA WHOLE17
SPIGELIA MARILANDICA ROOT4
SPINACH4
SPINACIA OLERACEA ROOT4
SPINOSADThis medication is used to treat head lice, tiny insects that infest and irritate your scalp. Head lice lay small white eggs (nits) at the roots of hair close to the scalp, especially on the hairline at the back of the neck and behind the ears. Spinosad works by paralyzing and killing lice and their eggs. This medication should not be used on infants younger than 6 months due to the increased risk for serious side effects.6
SPIRANTHES SPIRALIS ROOT1
SPIRONOLACTONEA potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)Spironolactone is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. It is also used to treat swelling (edema) caused by certain conditions (such as heart failure, liver disease) by removing excess fluid and improving symptoms such as breathing problems. This medication is also used to treat conditions in which the body is making too much of a natural substance (aldosterone). Spironolactone is known as a "water pill" (potassium-sparing diuretic).211
SPONGIA OFFICINALIS SKELETON, ROASTED147
SPONGIA OFFICINALIS WHOLE1
SPONGILLA LACUSTRIS13
SPORISORIUM CRUENTUM3
SQUALANE3
SQUALENEA natural 30-carbon triterpene.4
SQUARIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER2
ST. JOHN'S WORT40
STACHYBOTRYS CHARTARUM1
STACHYS OFFICINALIS21
STANNIC HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE8
STANNOUS CATION2
STANNOUS CHLORIDE1
STANNOUS FLUORIDE204
STANNOUS IODIDE1
STANOZOLOLA synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)6
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSPotentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.12
STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDISA species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.5
STAPHYLOCOCCUS HAEMOLYTICUSA species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS found on the skin of humans (and non-human primates), often causing hospital-acquired infections (CROSS INFECTION).5
STAPHYLOCOCCUS SIMULANS5
STAR ANISE13
STAR ANISE FRUIT2
STARCH, CORN21
STARCH, RICE2
STAUROSPORINEAn indolocarbazole that is a potent PROTEIN KINASE C inhibitor which enhances cAMP-mediated responses in human neuroblastoma cells. (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;214(3):1114-20)1
STAVUDINEA dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Stavudine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Stavudine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.4
STEARIC ACID4
STEARYL ALCOHOL10
STELLARIA MEDIAA plant genus of the family Caryophyllaceae.25
STEMPHYLIUM SARCINIFORME1
STEMPHYLIUM SOLANI5
STEVIA LEAF2
STEVIA REBAUDIUNA LEAF1
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA ROOT28
STIRIPENTOL3
STRAWBERRYA plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.9
STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAEA bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.13
STREPTOCOCCUS DYSGALACTIAE7
STREPTOCOCCUS EQUINUSA species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. It occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. This species is nonhemolytic.6
STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANSA polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.16
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAEA gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.43
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 1 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 1 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 10A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 10A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 11A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 11A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 12F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 12F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 14 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 14 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 15B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 15B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 17F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 18C CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 18C CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 19A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 19A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 19F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 19F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 2 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 20 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 22F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 22F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 23F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 23F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 3 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 3 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 33F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 33F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 4 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 4 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 5 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 5 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 6A CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 6B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 6B CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 7F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 7F CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 8 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 8 CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN2
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 9N CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 9V CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIGEN5
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE TYPE 9V CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTHERIA CRM197 PROTEIN CONJUGATE ANTIGEN7
STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESA species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group A hemolytic Streptococcus that can cause SCARLET FEVER and RHEUMATIC FEVER.10
STREPTOCOCCUS UBERIS6
STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS GROUP43
STREPTOMYCIN SULFATEAn antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis.This medication is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infection if you cannot take other drugs for TB or if you have a type of TB that cannot be treated with other drugs (drug-resistant TB). Streptomycin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by killing the organisms that cause the infection. This drug may also be used to treat other serious infections (e.g., Mycobacterium avium complex-MAC, tularemia, endocarditis, plague) along with other medications.3
STREPTOZOCINAn antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.4
STRING BEAN5
STRONTIUMAn element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.23
STRONTIUM BROMIDE8
STRONTIUM CARBONATE44
STRONTIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE8
STRONTIUM CHLORIDE SR-825
STRONTIUM FLUORIDE8
STRONTIUM IODIDE8
STRONTIUM NITRATE8
STRONTIUM OXIDE8
STRONTIUM PHOSPHATE8
STRONTIUM SALICYLATE1
STRONTIUM SULFATE9
STROPHANTHUS GRATUS SEED5
STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS SEED26
STROPHANTHUS KOMBE SEED3
STROPHANTHUS KOMBE WHOLE6
STRYCHNINEAn alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.17
STRYCHNINE NITRATEAn alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.1
STRYCHNINE PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE2
STRYCHNOS IGNATII SEED240
STRYCHNOS IGNATII WHOLE5
STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED639
STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA WHOLE6
STRYCHNOS WALLICHIANA BARK1
STURGEON, UNSPECIFIED11
SUCCIMERA mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.This medication is used to treat lead poisoning. It works by binding to the lead so that it may be removed by your kidneys. Removing lead from your body will lower the chance of severe problems caused by lead poisoning.8
SUCCINIC ACIDA water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)18
SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDEA quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.53
SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE4
SUCRALFATEA basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose.This medication is used to treat ulcers in the intestines. Sucralfate forms a coating over ulcers, protecting the area from further injury. This helps ulcers heal more quickly.83
SUCRALOSE8
SUCROSEA nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.54
SUFENTANILAn opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.5
SUFENTANIL CITRATEAn opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.12
SUGAMMADEXA gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE.10
SUGAMMADEX SODIUMA gamma-cyclodextrin that functions as a reversal agent for the neuromuscular blocker ROCURONIUM BROMIDE.23
SUGARCANE10
SULBACTAMA beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic destruction of beta-lactam antibiotics by inhibiting beta-lactamases, thus extending their spectrum activity. Combinations of sulbactam with beta-lactam antibiotics have been used successfully for the therapy of infections caused by organisms resistant to the antibiotic alone.2
SULBACTAM SODIUMA beta-lactamase inhibitor with very weak antibacterial action. The compound prevents antibiotic destruction of beta-lactam antibiotics by inhibiting beta-lactamases, thus extending their spectrum activity. Combinations of sulbactam with beta-lactam antibiotics have been used successfully for the therapy of infections caused by organisms resistant to the antibiotic alone.59
SULCONAZOLE NITRATESulconazole is used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm. This medication is also used to treat a skin condition known as pityriasis (tinea versicolor), a fungal infection that causes a lightening or darkening of the skin of the neck, chest, arms, or legs. Sulconazole is an azole antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.5
SULFACETAMIDEAn anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.2
SULFACETAMIDE SODIUMAn anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.This medication is used to treat bacterial eye infections (such as conjunctivitis). It belongs to a class of drugs known as sulfa antibiotics. Sulfacetamide works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication treats only bacterial eye infections. It will not work for other types of eye infections. Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness.134
SULFACHLORPYRIDAZINE SODIUM1
SULFADIAZINEOne of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.This medication is used to treat and prevent a wide variety of infections. Sulfadiazine belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfa antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria and other organisms. This antibiotic treats only certain types of infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu). Unnecessary use or misuse of any antibiotic can lead to its decreased effectiveness. This medication should not be used in infants younger than 2 months because of the risk of serious side effects, unless treatment is for a very serious infection (congenital toxoplasmosis).9
SULFADIAZINE SODIUM6
SULFADIMETHOXINEA sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.5
SULFADIMETHOXINE SODIUM2
SULFADOXINEA long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.1
SULFAMERAZINE SODIUM1
SULFAMETHAZINEA sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.5
SULFAMETHAZINE SODIUM3
SULFAMETHOXAZOLEA bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)119
SULFANILAMIDEA short-acting sulfonamide used as an anti-infective agent. It has lower anti-bacterial activity than SULFAMETHOXAZOLE.This medication is used to treat vaginal yeast infections. Sulfanilamide reduces vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that may occur with this condition. This medication is known as a sulfonamide antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of yeast (fungus) that causes the infection.1
SULFAPYRIDINEAntibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.3
SULFAQUINOXALINEAn antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.1
SULFAQUINOXALINE SODIUM1
SULFASALAZINEA drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)Sulfasalazine is used to treat a certain type of bowel disease called ulcerative colitis. This medication does not cure this condition, but it helps decrease symptoms such as fever, stomach pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. After an attack is treated, sulfasalazine is also used to increase the amount of time between attacks. This medication works by reducing irritation and swelling in the large intestines. In addition, delayed-release tablets of sulfasalazine are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine helps to reduce joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with sulfasalazine helps to reduce/prevent further joint damage so you can do more of your normal daily activities. This medication is used with other drugs, rest, and physical therapy in patients who have not responded to other medications (salicylates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-NSAIDs).32
SULFIDE ION2
SULFONMETHANE1
SULFURAn element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.670
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDESulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.4
SULFUR IODIDE34
SULFURIC ACID60
SULINDACA sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.Sulindac is used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. It is also used to treat arthritis of the spine, gouty arthritis, and shoulder bursitis/tendonitis. This medication is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section.22
SULISOBENZONE4
SUMATRIPTANA serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.Sumatriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Sumatriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that causes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Sumatriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.17
SUMATRIPTAN SUCCINATEA serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.Sumatriptan is used to treat migraines and cluster headaches. It helps to relieve pain and other symptoms of migraines/headaches including sensitivity to light or sound, nausea, and vomiting. Prompt treatment allows you to get back to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. It does not prevent future migraines/headaches or reduce how often you may get a headache. Sumatriptan belongs to a group of drugs called triptans. It affects a certain natural chemical (serotonin) that constricts blood vessels in the brain. It may also block other pain pathways in the brain.138
SUMMER FLOUNDER3
SUNFLOWER OILOil derived from the seeds of SUNFLOWER plant, Helianthus.4
SUNFLOWER SEED5
SUNITINIB MALATEAn indole and pyrrole derivative that inhibits VEGFR-2 and PDGFR BETA RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASES. It is used as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS, and for treatment of advanced or metastatic RENAL CELL CARCINOMA.This medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (kidney, pancreas, and intestinal). It is also used to treat people who are at high risk of the kidney cancer coming back again after having kidney surgery. Sunitinib works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer tumors. It also works by slowing the growth of new blood vessels within the tumor.37
SUS SCROFA ADRENAL CORTEX8
SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND143
SUS SCROFA ARTERY11
SUS SCROFA BILE DUCT5
SUS SCROFA BLOOD2
SUS SCROFA BONE1
SUS SCROFA BONE MARROW50
SUS SCROFA BRONCHUS1
SUS SCROFA CAPILLARY TISSUE2
SUS SCROFA CARTILAGE30
SUS SCROFA CEREBELLUM8
SUS SCROFA CEREBRAL CORTEX1
SUS SCROFA CEREBRUM55
SUS SCROFA COLLAGEN1
SUS SCROFA COLON14
SUS SCROFA CONJUNCTIVA3
SUS SCROFA CORPUS LUTEUM2
SUS SCROFA DIENCEPHALON9
SUS SCROFA DUODENUM21
SUS SCROFA EAR10
SUS SCROFA EMBRYO13
SUS SCROFA ESOPHAGUS12
SUS SCROFA EYE11
SUS SCROFA FALLOPIAN TUBE5
SUS SCROFA FRONTAL LOBE2
SUS SCROFA GALLBLADDER19
SUS SCROFA HAIR4
SUS SCROFA HYPOTHALAMUS73
SUS SCROFA ILEUM14
SUS SCROFA INTERVERTEBRAL DISC6
SUS SCROFA JEJUNUM15
SUS SCROFA JOINT CAPSULE2
SUS SCROFA LIGAMENT2
SUS SCROFA LUNG42
SUS SCROFA LYMPH57
SUS SCROFA MENISCUS3
SUS SCROFA MESENCHYME1
SUS SCROFA NASAL MUCOSA28
SUS SCROFA ORAL MUCOSA7
SUS SCROFA OVARY54
SUS SCROFA PANCREAS127
SUS SCROFA PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE1
SUS SCROFA PARATHYROID GLAND7
SUS SCROFA PINEAL GLAND47
SUS SCROFA PITUITARY GLAND106
SUS SCROFA PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR20
SUS SCROFA PLACENTA40
SUS SCROFA PROSTATE8
SUS SCROFA PYLORUS1
SUS SCROFA RECTAL MUCOSA7
SUS SCROFA RECTUM2
SUS SCROFA RED BLOOD CELL1
SUS SCROFA RENAL PELVIS6
SUS SCROFA SKIN19
SUS SCROFA SMALL INTESTINE MUCOSA LYMPH FOLLICLE8
SUS SCROFA SOLAR PLEXUS1
SUS SCROFA SPLEEN61
SUS SCROFA STOMACH54
SUS SCROFA SUPERIOR GASTRIC PLEXUS1
SUS SCROFA SYMPATHETIC NERVE3
SUS SCROFA TEMPORAL LOBE3
SUS SCROFA TESTICLE24
SUS SCROFA THALAMUS13
SUS SCROFA THALAMUS LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS8
SUS SCROFA THYMUS66
SUS SCROFA THYROID96
SUS SCROFA TONSIL5
SUS SCROFA TOOTH5
SUS SCROFA UMBILICAL CORD62
SUS SCROFA URETER7
SUS SCROFA URETHRA6
SUS SCROFA URINARY BLADDER20
SUS SCROFA UTERUS7
SUS SCROFA VAGUS NERVE1
SUS SCROFA VEIN11
SUTIMLIMAB1
SUVOREXANTThis medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). It may help you fall asleep and stay asleep longer, so you can get a better night's rest. Suvorexant belongs to a class of drugs known as sedative-hypnotics. If your insomnia continues for longer than 7 to 10 days after starting treatment, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment.14
SWEET CHERRYA plant species in the family ROSACEAE. It is the source of the sweet cherry fruit.2
SWEET MARJORAMA plant genus of the family Lamiaceae that is the source of familiar seasonings, oregano and marjoram.7
SWEET POTATO3
SYAGRUS ROMANZOFFIANA POLLEN14
SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS FRUIT8
SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE WHOLE10
SYMPLOCARPUS FOETIDUS ROOT6
SYRINGA VULGARIS FLOWER4
SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FRUIT2
SYZYGIUM CUMINI FRUIT2
SYZYGIUM CUMINI SEED36
SYZYGIUM JAMBOS SEED8
TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA BARK29
TACROLIMUSA macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.Tacrolimus is used with other medications to prevent rejection of a kidney transplant. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new organ as if it were your own.125
TADALAFILA carboline derivative and PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR that is used primarily to treat ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.Tadalafil is used to treat high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension). It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels in your lungs which allows the blood to flow more easily. Decreasing high blood pressure in the lungs allows your heart and lungs to work better and improves your ability to exercise.262
TAENIA SAGINATASpecies of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects cattle. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked beef.5
TAENIA SOLIUMSpecies of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.7
TAFAMIDISThis medication is used to treat a certain type of heart failure (transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis). It is used to help prevent the heart failure from getting worse and needing treatment in a hospital. Tafamidis works by slowing the buildup of a certain protein (amyloid fibrils) that causes heart problems.13
TAFAMIDIS MEGLUMINEThis medication is used to treat a certain type of heart failure (transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis). It is used to help prevent the heart failure from getting worse and needing treatment in a hospital. Tafamidis works by slowing the buildup of a certain protein (amyloid fibrils) that causes heart problems.10
TAFASITAMAB1
TAFENOQUINE2
TAFENOQUINE SUCCINATETafenoquine is used in combination with another medication (such as chloroquine) to treat and prevent the return of malaria. Malaria is caused by infection with a parasite spread by mosquito bite. After they multiply and grow, the parasites infect your red blood cells and cause symptoms of malaria (such as fever, chills, sweating, headache, other flu-like symptoms). This medication works by stopping the growth of the parasite that causes malaria.2
TAFLUPROST12
TAGRAXOFUSP2
TALAZOPARIB3
TALAZOPARIB TOSYLATEThis medication is used to treat breast cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.12
TALCFinely powdered native hydrous magnesium silicate. It is used as a dusting powder, either alone or with starch or boric acid, for medicinal and toilet preparations. It is also an excipient and filler for pills, tablets, and for dusting tablet molds. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)10
TALIGLUCERASE ALFATaliglucerase is used to treat a certain rare genetic problem (Gaucher disease). Taliglucerase replaces a certain natural substance (an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase) that is missing in people with Gaucher disease. This medication improves blood, bone, liver, and spleen problems caused by Gaucher disease. Taliglucerase does not correct the genetic problem, and treatment must be continued for life.2
TALIMOGENE LAHERPAREPVECThis medication is used to treat a certain type of skin cancer (melanoma). It contains a live virus (cold sore virus) that has been weakened. Talimogene laherparepvec infects the cancer cells and works by slowing or stopping their growth.4
TALQUETAMAB4
TAMARIX GALLICA POLLEN7
TAMARIX GALLICA WHOLE1
TAMOXIFEN CITRATEOne of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.Tamoxifen is used to treat breast cancer. It is also used to reduce the chances of breast cancer in high-risk patients. This medication can block the growth of breast cancer. It works by interfering with the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue.38
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDEA sulfonamide derivative and adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonist that is used to relieve symptoms of urinary obstruction caused by BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.89
TANACETUM VULGARE TOP9
TANACETUM VULGARE WHOLE1
TANGERINE3
TANGERINE PEEL1
TANTALUMA rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.20
TANTALUM CARBIDE8
TAPENTADOL HYDROCHLORIDEAn opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.12
TAPINAROF4
TARAXACUM OFFICINALEA plant genus of the family Asteraceae. Members contain chicoric and chlorogenic acids and germacrane- and eudesmane-type SESQUITERPENES.211
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE FLOWERING TOP4
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE POLLEN11
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE ROOT6
TARAXACUM OFFICINALE WHOLE6
TARAXACUM PALUSTRE ROOT23
TARTARIC ACID2
TASIMELTEONTasimelteon is used to treat a certain sleep disorder (non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder). It works like a natural substance called melatonin that your body produces. It helps to control your sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm). Tasimelteon may improve your ability to sleep at night and to be more active during the day.13
TAURINEA conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.28
TAUROLIDINE4
TAURURSODIOL1
TAURURSODIOL DIHYDRATE1
TAVABOROLEThis medication is used to treat toenail infection caused by fungus. It works by stopping the growth of certain types of fungus. Tavaborole belongs to a class of drugs known as oxaborole antifungals. This medication treats only fungal infections. It will not work for other types of infection, such as those caused by bacteria. Unnecessary use or misuse of any drug used to treat infection can lead to its decreased effectiveness.17
TAXODIUM DISTICHUM POLLEN28
TAXUS BACCATA WHOLE1
TAZAROTENETazarotene is used to treat psoriasis or acne. It is a retinoid product related to Vitamin A. It works by affecting the growth of skin cells. The foam and lotion forms of this medication are only approved for use on acne.31
TAZEMETOSTAT HYDROBROMIDE2
TAZOBACTAMA penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.7
TAZOBACTAM HEMIHYDRATE1
TAZOBACTAM SODIUMA penicillanic acid and sulfone derivative and potent BETA-LACTAMASE inhibitor that enhances the activity of other anti-bacterial agents against beta-lactamase producing bacteria.103
TBSCT-FP1
TEA LEAF3
TEA TREE OILEssential oil extracted from MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.7
TEBENTAFUSP2
TECHNETIUM TC-99M EXAMETAZIMEA gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.2
TECHNETIUM TC-99M MEDRONATEA gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.3
TECHNETIUM TC-99M PYROPHOSPHATEA radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in scintigraphy or tomography of the heart to evaluate the extent of the necrotic myocardial process. It has also been used in noninvasive tests for the distribution of organ involvement in different types of amyloidosis and for the evaluation of muscle necrosis in the extremities.1
TECHNETIUM TC-99M SESTAMIBIA technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.3
TECHNETIUM TC-99M SODIUM PERTECHNETATE15
TECLISTAMAB5
TECOVIRIMAT3
TECOVIRIMAT MONOHYDRATE3
TEDIZOLID PHOSPHATEThis medication is used to treat serious bacterial infections of the skin. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.7
TEDUGLUTIDETeduglutide is used by patients with Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) who need intravenous (IV) nutrition and fluids. It may help to decrease the amount of intravenous nutrition needed by the patient. Teduglutide is similar to a natural hormone in your body (GLP-2). It works by helping to improve intestinal absorption of fluids and nutrients.8
TEGASEROD MALEATE2
TEGOPRAZAN1
TELAPREVIR2
TELAVANCIN HYDROCHLORIDE4
TELLURIUMAn element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.32
TELLURIUM TETRACHLORIDE8
TELMISARTANA biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.This medication is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Telmisartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.132
TELOTRISTAT ETHYL4
TELOTRISTAT ETIPRATEThis medication is used along with another drug (a somatostatin analog such as octreotide) to treat diarrhea due to carcinoid syndrome. Telotristat helps to reduce the number of bowel movements that you may have.2
TEMAZEPAMA benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.This medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). It may help you fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and lessen how often you wake up during the night, so you can get a better night's rest. Temazepam belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. Use of this medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less. If your insomnia continues for a longer time, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment.101
TEMOZOLOMIDEA dacarbazine derivative that is used as an alkylating antineoplastic agent for the treatment of MALIGNANT GLIOMA and MALIGNANT MELANOMA.This medication is used to treat certain types of brain cancer. Temozolomide belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.81
TEMSIROLIMUSThis medication is used to treat kidney cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.3
TENAPANOR6
TENAPANOR HYDROCHLORIDE3
TENELIGLIPTIN HYDROBROMIDE HYDRATE1
TENOFOVIRAn adenine analog REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS and CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, in combination with other ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when it is used alone.1
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDETenofovir alafenamide is used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection, a viral infection of the liver. It works by stopping or slowing the growth of the virus. Chronic hepatitis infection can lead to serious liver damage (cirrhosis) and liver cancer. It is not known if tenofovir alafenamide can cure hepatitis B or can prevent you from passing the virus to others. Practice "safer sex" (such as the use of latex condoms) to lower the risk of passing the virus to others.3
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE FUMARATE29
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE MONOFUMARATE1
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATEAn adenine analog REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS and CHRONIC HEPATITIS B, in combination with other ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when it is used alone.Tenofovir is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Tenofovir belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Tenofovir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details. Tenofovir is also used to treat a certain type of liver infection called chronic hepatitis B infection. It helps to decrease the amount of hepatitis B virus in your body by interfering with virus growth.133
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL SUCCINATE1
TENOXICAM1
TEPLIZUMAB1
TEPOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE1
TEPROTUMUMAB2
TERAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE78
TERAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS1
TERBINAFINEA naphthalene derivative that inhibits fungal SQUALENE EPOXIDASE and is used to treat DERMATOMYCOSES of the skin and nails.1
TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDEA naphthalene derivative that inhibits fungal SQUALENE EPOXIDASE and is used to treat DERMATOMYCOSES of the skin and nails.99
TERBIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.28
TERBUTALINE SULFATEA selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.Terbutaline is used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath from lung problems (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, bronchitis, emphysema). Terbutaline belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily.26
TERCONAZOLEThis medication is used to treat vaginal yeast infections. Terconazole reduces vaginal burning, itching, and discharge that may occur with this condition. This medication is an azole antifungal. It works by stopping the growth of yeast (fungus) that causes the infection.17
TERGURIDE1
TERIFLUNOMIDEThis medication is used to treat multiple sclerosis-MS. It is not a cure for MS but is thought to work by decreasing certain immune system cells (lymphocytes) which can attack the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. This helps decrease the number of flare-ups (relapses) and may help slow down physical problems caused by MS.61
TERIPARATIDEA polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)Teriparatide is used to treat bone loss (osteoporosis) in people who have a high risk of getting fractures. It is similar to a natural hormone in your body (parathyroid hormone). It works by increasing bone mass and strength. This effect helps to decrease the risk of getting a fracture. This medication is not recommended for use in children or young adults whose bones are still growing.13
TERIPARATIDE ACETATEA polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)2
TERLIPRESSINAn inactive peptide prodrug that is slowly converted in the body to lypressin. It is used to control bleeding of ESOPHAGEAL VARICES and for the treatment of HEPATORENAL SYNDROME.4
TERT-BUTYL METHYL ETHER2
TESAMORELIN ACETATEThis medication is used to reduce excess fat in the stomach area (abdomen) in people with HIV infection who have changes in the way their body fat is distributed. Some HIV drugs may cause this side effect (increased fat in the upper back and stomach areas, decreased fat in the arms and legs). Tesamorelin works by causing your body to make more growth hormone. This medication should not be used for weight loss.4
TESOFENSINE3
TESOFENSINE CITRATE1
TESTOSTERONEA potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.This medicated patch contains testosterone. It is used for hormone replacement in men who are not able to produce enough testosterone (for example, due to hypogonadism). This medication is absorbed through the skin, enters your bloodstream, and helps your body reach normal testosterone levels. Testosterone helps the body to develop and maintain the male sexual characteristics (masculinity), such as a deep voice and body hair. It also helps to maintain muscle and prevent bone loss, and is necessary for natural sexual ability/desire. This drug should not be used by women.135
TESTOSTERONE CYPIONATEThis medication is used in men who do not make enough of a natural substance called testosterone. In males, testosterone is responsible for many normal functions, including growth and development of the genitals, muscles, and bones. It also helps cause normal sexual development (puberty) in boys. Testosterone belongs to a class of drugs known as androgens. It works by affecting many body systems so that the body can develop and function normally. Testosterone may also be used in certain adolescent boys to cause puberty in those with delayed puberty. It may also be used to treat certain types of breast cancer in women.58
TESTOSTERONE DECANOATE2
TESTOSTERONE DODECANOATE1
TESTOSTERONE ENANTHATEThis medication is used in men who do not make enough of a natural substance called testosterone. In males, testosterone is responsible for many normal functions, including growth and development of the genitals, muscles, and bones. It also helps cause normal sexual development (puberty) in boys. Testosterone belongs to a class of drugs known as androgens. It works by affecting many body systems so that the body can develop and function normally. Testosterone may also be used in certain adolescent boys to cause puberty in those with delayed puberty. It may also be used to treat certain types of breast cancer in women.17
TESTOSTERONE ISOCAPROATE1
TESTOSTERONE PHENYLPROPIONATE1
TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATEAn ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.15
TESTOSTERONE TRIDECANOATE1
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATEThis medication is used in men who do not make enough of a natural substance called testosterone. Testosterone belongs to a class of drugs known as androgens. Testosterone helps the body to develop and maintain male sexual characteristics (masculinity), such as a deep voice and body hair. It also helps to maintain muscle and prevent bone loss, and is necessary for natural sexual ability/desire. Testosterone may also be used in certain adolescent boys to cause puberty in those with delayed puberty. This product should not be used in women.23
TETANUS TOXINProtein synthesized by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to BOTULINUM TOXIN that is cleaved to a light and a heavy chain that are linked by a single disulfide bond. Tetanolysin is the hemolytic and tetanospasmin is the neurotoxic principle. The toxin causes disruption of the inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, thus permitting uncontrolled nervous activity, leading to fatal CONVULSIONS.2
TETRAARSENIC TETRASULFIDE1
TETRABENAZINEA drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.Tetrabenazine is used to decrease the uncontrollable movements (chorea) caused by Huntington's disease. However, it is not a cure for the disease. Reducing the chorea will help you take part in more of your normal daily activities. This medication is thought to work by decreasing the amount of certain natural substances in the brain (monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine), which are involved with nerve and muscle function. Tetrabenazine belongs to a class of drugs called monoamine depletors.33
TETRABENAZINE, (+)-1
TETRABROMOMETHANE8
TETRACAINEA potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.22
TETRACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE36
TETRACYCLINEA naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.2
TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.43
TETRADECYL HYDROGEN SULFATE (ESTER)4
TETRAFERRIC TRICITRATE DECAHYDRATE4
TETRAHYDROURIDINEAn inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.1
TETRAHYDROZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE101
TETRAKIS(2-METHOXYISOBUTYLISOCYANIDE)COPPER(I) TETRAFLUOROBORATE7
TETRANDRINE1
TETROFOSMIN2
TEUCRIUM MARUM41
TEUCRIUM MARUM TOP2
TEUCRIUM MARUM WHOLE4
TEUCRIUM SCORODONIA FLOWERING TOP32
TEUCRIUM SCORODONIA WHOLE2
TEZACAFTOR4
TEZEPELUMAB3
THALIDOMIDEA piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.This medication is used to treat or prevent certain skin conditions related to Hansen's disease, once known as leprosy (erythema nodosum leprosum). Thalidomide is also used to treat a certain type of cancer (multiple myeloma). It works in Hansen's disease by reducing swelling and redness (inflammation). It also reduces the formation of blood vessels that feed tumors.15
THALLIUMA heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.34
THALLOUS ACETATE1
THALLOUS CHLORIDE TL-2011
THEBAINEA drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)4
THEOBROMA CACAO WHOLE1
THEOBROMA GRANDIFLORUM SEED BUTTER1
THEOPHYLLINEA methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.Theophylline is used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and COPD (bronchitis, emphysema). It must be used regularly to prevent wheezing and shortness of breath. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthines. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. It also decreases the lungs' response to irritants. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.9
THEOPHYLLINE ANHYDROUSA methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.Theophylline is used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and COPD (bronchitis, emphysema). It must be used regularly to prevent wheezing and shortness of breath. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as xanthines. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. It also decreases the lungs' response to irritants. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler as prescribed.39
THERIDION CURASSAVICUM31
THIABENDAZOLE2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for STRONGYLOIDIASIS. It has CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)1
THIAMINE3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.13
THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE73
THIAMINE MONONITRATE3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.66
THIMEROSALAn ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.7
THIOCTIC ACIDAn octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.13
THIOGUANINEAn antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.Thioguanine is used to treat a certain type of cancer (acute myeloid leukemia-AML). It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
THIOPENTALA barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.1
THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.15
THIOSTREPTONOne of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.2
THIOTEPAA very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).Thiotepa is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Thiotepa is often given into the bladder to treat bladder cancer. Thiotepa is also used with other medications to prevent rejection of a stem cell transplant.22
THIOTHIXENEA thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.Thiothixene is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia). This medicine helps you to think more clearly, feel less nervous, and take part in everyday life. It can reduce aggression and the desire to hurt yourself/others. It may also help to decrease hallucinations (such as hearing/seeing things that are not there). Thiothixene is a psychiatric medication (antipsychotic-type) that works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (such as dopamine) in the brain.14
THONZONIUM BROMIDE1
THONZYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE4
THORIUMA radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.2
THREONINEAn essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.53
THROMBIN ALFA2
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS BARK3
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS LEAF35
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS LEAFY TWIG336
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS ROOT2
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS WHOLE34
THUJA PLICATA LEAF3
THULIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.1
THYMALFASINA thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.2
THYMEA plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.6
THYMOLA phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.198
THYMOL IODIDE1
THYMOSIN .BETA.-43
THYMUS SERPYLLUM10
THYMUS SERPYLLUM WHOLE2
THYMUS VULGARIS WHOLE4
THYROIDA highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.Thyroid hormone is used to treat underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). It is a natural product made from animal thyroid glands (usually a pig's). It replaces or provides more thyroid hormone, which is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Low thyroid hormone levels can occur naturally or when the thyroid gland is injured by radiation/medications or removed by surgery. Having enough thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal mental and physical activity. In children, having enough thyroid hormone is important for normal mental and physical development. This medication is also used to treat other types of thyroid disorders (such as certain types of goiters, thyroid cancer) and also to test for thyroid function. This medication should not be used to treat infertility unless it is caused by low thyroid hormone levels. Older adults should discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with their doctor or pharmacist.60
THYROID, BOVINE53
THYROID, OVINE2
THYROID, PORCINE39
THYROID, UNSPECIFIED121
THYROTROPIN ALFAA highly purified recombinant glycoprotein form of human THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, produced by recombinant DNA technology comprising two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites, and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked glycosylation site. The amino acid sequence of thyrotropin alfa is identical to that of human pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone.3
TIAGABINE HYDROCHLORIDEA nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.32
TIAMULIN FUMARATE4
TIANEPTINE SODIUM1
TIBOLONE4
TICAGRELORAn adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Ticagrelor is used along with low-dose aspirin to help prevent heart attack and stroke in people with heart problems (such as unstable angina, previous heart attack). It may also prevent blood clots after certain heart surgeries (such as stent placement). Ticagrelor works by blocking platelets from sticking together and prevents them from forming harmful clots. It is an antiplatelet drug. It keeps blood flowing smoothly in your body.27
TICARCILLIN DISODIUMAn antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.1
TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS PURIFIED ANTIGEN (FORMALDEHYDE INACTIVATED)2
TICLOPIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.4
TIGECYCLINEA tetracycline derivative that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is used as an antibacterial agent for the systemic treatment of complicated skin and intra-abdominal infections. It is also used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.Tigecycline is used to treat certain serious bacterial infections when other antibiotics may not work. It is related to a class of drugs known as tetracycline antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.17
TIGILANOL TIGLATE1
TIGOLANER1
TILDIPIROSIN2
TILDRAKIZUMAB2
TILETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEProposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.2
TILIA AMERICANA FLOWER1
TILIA AMERICANA POLLEN1
TILIA TOMENTOSA BUD2
TILIA X EUROPAEA FLOWER2
TILIROSIDE1
TILMANOCEPT1
TILMICOSIN2
TIMOLOLA beta-adrenergic antagonist that is similar in action to PROPRANOLOL; the levo-isomer is more active. Timolol has been proposed as an anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-angina, and anti-glaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor.This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle-type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. This medication works by decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye. Timolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta-blockers.3
TIMOLOL MALEATEA beta-adrenergic antagonist that is similar in action to PROPRANOLOL; the levo-isomer is more active. Timolol has been proposed as an anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-angina, and anti-glaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor.This medication is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open angle-type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye helps to prevent blindness. This medication works by decreasing the amount of fluid within the eye. Timolol belongs to a class of drugs known as beta-blockers.112
TINA trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.167
TIN MONOARSENIDE8
TINIDAZOLEA nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.Tinidazole is an antibiotic that is used to treat certain types of vaginal infections (bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis). It is also used to treat certain types of parasite infections (giardiasis, amebiasis). It works by stopping the growth of certain bacteria and parasites. This antibiotic treats only certain bacterial and parasitic infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.12
TIOCONAZOLE22
TIOMOLIBDATE DIAMMONIUM1
TIOPRONINSulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.This medication is used to prevent kidney stones in people with a certain inherited disorder (cystinuria). Cystinuria occurs when there is too much of a certain natural substance (the amino acid cystine) in the urine, leading to formation of kidney stones. Tiopronin works by making cystine more dissolvable in the urine. This medication should be used in combination with other methods to prevent kidney stones (such as drinking plenty of water, taking alkali treatment, following a special diet).15
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDEA scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.Tiotropium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Tiotropium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden breathing problems. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.1
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE ANHYDROUS3
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE MONOHYDRATE9
TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE MONOMETHANOLATE1
TIOXOLONE5
TIPIRACIL HYDROCHLORIDE10
TIPRANAVIRThis drug must be used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Tipranavir belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. It must be given with ritonavir, another protease inhibitor, to increase ("boost") the levels of tipranavir. This helps tipranavir work better. Tipranavir is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.3
TIRBANIBULIN1
TIROFIBAN HYDROCHLORIDETyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.13
TIRZEPATIDE59
TISAGENLECLEUCEL2
TISLELIZUMAB2
TISOTUMAB1
TISOTUMAB VEDOTIN4
TITANIUMA dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.27
TITANIUM CARBIDE16
TITANIUM DICHLORIDE8
TITANIUM DIOXIDE2921
TITANIUM DISULFATE8
TITANIUM OXYSULFATE8
TIVOZANIB HYDROCHLORIDE7
TIZANIDINE1
TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE173
TK-1126901
TOBACCO LEAF163
TOBACCO SMOKE1
TOBRAMYCINAn aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.This medication is used to treat people with a certain inherited condition (cystic fibrosis) who have a persistent lung infection with a certain bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). People with cystic fibrosis produce thick, sticky mucus that can plug up the tubes, ducts and passageways in the lungs. This can result in serious breathing problems and infections in the lungs. Tobramycin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. Tobramycin inhalation solution works by stopping the growth of a certain bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that commonly infects the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. This effect decreases lung infections and damage, and helps to improve breathing.77
TOBRAMYCIN SULFATEAn aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.This medication is used to prevent or treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. Tobramycin belongs to a class of drugs known as aminoglycoside antibiotics. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.29
TOCERANIB PHOSPHATE1
TOCILIZUMABThis medication is used alone or with other medications to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in children (such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis-SJIA, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis-PJIA). It helps to reduce pain and swelling due to rheumatoid arthritis. Tocilizumab may also be used to treat a reaction (Cytokine Release Syndrome-CRS) caused by certain cancer treatments. Tocilizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockers. It works by blocking IL-6, a substance made by the body that causes swelling (inflammation).11
TOCOPHEROL15
TOFACITINIB CITRATETofacitinib is used to treat certain types of arthritis (such as psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis-pcJIA). It helps to decrease pain/tenderness/swelling in the joints. Tofacitinib is also used to treat a certain bowel disease (ulcerative colitis). It helps to reduce symptoms of ulcerative colitis such as diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and stomach pain.32
TOFERSEN1
TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDEA vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.1
TOLBUTAMIDEA sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)Tolbutamide is used with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. It may also be used with other diabetes medications. Controlling high blood sugar helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, loss of limbs, and sexual function problems. Proper control of diabetes may also lessen your risk of a heart attack or stroke. Tolbutamide belongs to the class of drugs known as sulfonylureas. It works by causing the release of your body's natural insulin and may help to restore your body's proper response to insulin.4
TOLCAPONEA benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.This medication is used with other medications (levodopa/carbidopa) to treat Parkinson's disease. Tolcapone belongs to a class of drugs known as COMT inhibitors. Many people taking levodopa for Parkinson's have problems with the effects of the levodopa wearing off between scheduled doses, causing symptoms to return or worsen. Tolcapone blocks a certain natural substance (COMT enzyme) that breaks down levodopa in the body. This effect allows the levodopa to last longer in the system so that it doesn't wear off before the next dose.6
TOLMETIN SODIUMA non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.Tolmetin is used alone or with other treatments to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also used for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. If you are treating a chronic condition such as arthritis, ask your doctor about non-drug treatments and/or using other medications to treat your pain. See also Warning section. Tolmetin is known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).3
TOLNAFTATEA synthetic antifungal agent.Tolnaftate is used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm. It is an antifungal that works by preventing the growth of fungus.254
TOLTERODINEAn ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.1
TOLTERODINE TARTRATEAn ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.This medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, tolterodine improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. This medication belongs to the class of drugs known as antispasmodics.62
TOLTRAZURIL3
TOLU BALSAM1
TOLUENEA widely used industrial solvent.2
TOLVAPTANA benzazepine derivative and selective VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic HYPONATREMIA. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency.This medication is used by people who have a certain inherited kidney problem (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-ADPKD). This inherited kidney problem leads to the growth of fluid-filled sacs (cysts) in your kidneys. Over time, the cysts grow in size, which can damage the way your kidneys work and lead to kidney failure. Tolvaptan belongs to a class of drugs known as vasopressin receptor antagonists. It works by slowing the growth of kidney cysts caused by ADPKD. This effect helps protect your kidneys from damage and failure. Different brands of this medication have different uses. Do not change brands of this medication unless directed by your doctor.26
TOMATOA plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.13
TOPIRAMATEA sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.Topiramate is used alone and with other medications to prevent and control seizures (epilepsy). It is also used to prevent migraine headaches. Topiramate belongs to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants.306
TOPOTECANAn antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.1
TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDEAn antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.11
TOREMIFENE CITRATEA first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.Toremifene is used in postmenopausal women to treat breast cancer. It is usually used to treat cancer that needs estrogen, a female hormone, in order to grow (estrogen-receptor positive). Toremifene is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that blocks the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue, thereby slowing or stopping the growth of cancer.9
TORIPALIMAB1
TORREYA GRANDIS SEED1
TORSEMIDEA pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.Torsemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Torsemide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.66
TOXICODENDRON DIVERSILOBUM LEAF2
TOXICODENDRON DIVERSILOBUM WHOLE4
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF491
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS SHOOT10
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS WHOLE4
TOXICODENDRON RADICANS LEAF10
TOXICODENDRON VERNIX LEAFY TWIG15
TOXOPLASMA GONDII17
TOXOPLASMA GONDII DNA22
TRABECTEDINA complex structure that includes isoquinolines joined by a cyclic ester; it is a DNA-binding agent and guanine N2 alkylator derived from the marine tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata. Trabectedin is used for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue SARCOMA, after failure of ANTHRACYCLINES or IFOSFAMIDE drug therapy.Trabectedin is used to treat certain types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing the growth of cancer cells.5
TRADESCANTIA OCCIDENTALIS WHOLE1
TRAGACANTHPowdered exudate from Astragalus gummifer and related plants. It forms gelatinous mass in water. Tragacanth is used as suspending agent, excipient or emulsifier in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a bulk-forming laxative.2
TRALOKINUMAB1
TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDEA narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.206
TRAMETINIB4
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDETrametinib may be used alone or in combination with another medication (dabrafenib) to treat a type of skin cancer (melanoma). It is also used with dabrafenib to treat thyroid cancer and a type of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer-NSCLC). Trametinib works by slowing the growth of cancer cells.7
TRAMIPROSATE1
TRANDOLAPRILTrandolapril is used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is also used to treat heart failure and to improve survival after a heart attack. Trandolapril belongs to a class of drugs known as ACE inhibitors. It works by relaxing blood vessels so blood can flow more easily.24
TRANEXAMIC ACIDAntifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.This medication is used to treat heavy bleeding during your menstrual period. Tranexamic acid works by slowing the breakdown of blood clots, which helps to prevent prolonged bleeding. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antifibrinolytics. Tranexamic acid is not a hormone. It does not treat other menstrual or pre-menstrual symptoms. It does not stop your period. It is not a form of birth control and does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.63
TRANEXAMIC ACID DIMER1
TRANILAST1
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-13
TRANYLCYPROMINE SULFATEA propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)Tranylcypromine is an antidepressant (monoamine oxidase inhibitor). This medication treats depression by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Tranylcypromine can improve your mood and feelings of well-being. Usually, this medication is used in persons who have not responded to treatment with other drugs.8
TRAPA BICORNIS SEED1
TRASTUZUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody against the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR (HER2). As an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT, it is used to treat BREAST CANCER where HER2 is overexpressed.Trastuzumab is used to treat certain breast or stomach cancers that produce more than the normal amount of a certain substance called HER2 protein. Trastuzumab belongs to a class of medications known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. This monograph is about the following trastuzumab products: trastuzumab, trastuzumab-anns, trastuzumab-dkst, trastuzumab-dttb, trastuzumab-pkrb, trastuzumab-qyyp.18
TRASTUZUMAB (HERCEPTIN)2
TRASTUZUMAB DERUXTECAN3
TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINE3
TRAVOPROSTA cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.Travoprost is used to treat high pressure inside the eye due to glaucoma (open-angle type) or other eye diseases (e.g., ocular hypertension). Lowering high pressure inside the eye can help prevent blindness. This medication works by regulating the flow of fluid within the eye to maintain a normal pressure.22
TRAZODONEA serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)1
TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDEA serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)156
TREHALOSE DIHYDRATE1
TREMELIMUMAB2
TRENBOLONE ACETATEAn anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.3
TREPONEMIC SKIN CANKER HUMAN3
TREPROSTINILThis medication is used to treat a type of high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Treprostinil helps to improve symptoms such as shortness of breath and tiredness. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs and other parts of the body so that blood can flow more easily. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as vasodilators.49
TREPROSTINIL DIOLAMINEThis medication is used to treat a type of high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Treprostinil helps to delay disease worsening and increase your ability to exercise. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs and other parts of the body so that blood can flow more easily. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as vasodilators.5
TREPROSTINIL HEXADECYL ESTER1
TREPROSTINIL SODIUMThis medication is used to treat a type of high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary arterial hypertension). Treprostinil helps to improve symptoms such as shortness of breath and tiredness. It works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels (arteries) in the lungs and other parts of the body so that blood can flow more easily. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as vasodilators.6
TRETINOINAn important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).This medication is used to treat acne. It may decrease the number and severity of acne pimples and promote quick healing of pimples that do develop. Tretinoin belongs to a class of medications called retinoids. It works by affecting the growth of skin cells.92
TRIADICA SEBIFERA WHOLE2
TRIAMCINOLONEA glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)3
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDEAn esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.This medication is used in a variety of conditions such as allergic disorders, arthritis, gout, blood diseases, breathing problems, certain cancers, eye diseases, intestinal disorders, collagen and skin diseases. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of triamcinolone, especially if it is to be injected near your spine (epidural). Rare but serious side effects may occur with epidural use. Triamcinolone is known as a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). It works by decreasing your body's immune response to these diseases and reduces symptoms such as swelling.279
TRIAMCINOLONE DIACETATE4
TRIAMCINOLONE HEXACETONIDEThis medication is used in a variety of conditions such as allergic disorders, arthritis, gout, blood diseases, breathing problems, certain cancers, eye diseases, intestinal disorders, collagen and skin diseases. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of triamcinolone, especially if it is to be injected near your spine (epidural). Rare but serious side effects may occur with epidural use. Triamcinolone is known as a corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoid). It works by decreasing your body's immune response to these diseases and reduces symptoms such as swelling.3
TRIAMTERENEA pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.Triamterene is a "water pill" (diuretic) that works in your kidneys to increase the amount of urine you make. This helps your body get rid of extra water. This medication is used to decrease swelling (edema) caused by conditions such as cancer, congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This effect can help your kidneys work better and lessen symptoms such as trouble breathing and swelling in your ankles, feet, hands, or belly.83
TRIAZOLAMA short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.This medication is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia). It may help you fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and lessen how often you wake up during the night, so you can get a better night's rest. Triazolam belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. Use of this medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less. If your insomnia continues for a longer time, talk to your doctor to see if you need other treatment.20
TRIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE207
TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS WHOLE3
TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE1
TRICHINELLA SPIRALISA parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.5
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDEA thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)2
TRICHLOROACETIC ACIDA strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.1
TRICHLOROETHYLENEA highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.2
TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM5
TRICHODERMA VIRIDE1
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALISA species of TRICHOMONAS that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males.4
TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES18
TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM5
TRICHOPHYTON SCHOENLEINII1
TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS2
TRICHOTHECIUM ROSEUM6
TRICLABENDAZOLEBenzimidazole antiplatyhelmintic agent that is used for the treatment of FASCIOLIASIS and PARAGONIMIASIS.2
TRICLOSANA diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.23
TRIENTINEAn ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.2
TRIENTINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.24
TRIENTINE TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE2
TRIFAROTENE2
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.19
TRIFLURIDINEAn antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)This medication is used to treat herpes infection of the eye. Herpes is a virus that lives in the body quietly until an outbreak is triggered. Trifluridine is not a cure for the infection, but treatment of an outbreak can speed up the healing of the sores/swelling in the eye and lower the risk of complications (e.g., vision loss).9
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE FLOWER75
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE LEAF2
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE POLLEN5
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE WHOLE1
TRIFOLIUM REPENS FLOWER1
TRIFOLIUM REPENS WHOLE1
TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM WHOLE6
TRIHEPTANOIN4
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL HYDROCHLORIDEOne of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.26
TRIISOPROPANOLAMINE1
TRILACICLIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE2
TRILACICLIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE DIHYDRATE3
TRILLIUM CHLOROPETALUM WHOLE1
TRILLIUM ERECTUM ROOT23
TRILOSTANE8
TRIMEBUTINE MALEATEProposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.1
TRIMEPRAZINE TARTRATE8
TRIMETAZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDEA vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.2
TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE13
TRIMETHOPRIMA pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.131
TRIMETHOPRIM SULFATE18
TRIMIPRAMINE MALEATETricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.This medication is used to treat depression. It may help improve your mood and sense of well-being and allow you to enjoy everyday life more. Trimipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.14
TRIPALMITIN1
TRIPE4
TRIPELENNAMINE HYDROCHLORIDEA histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.3
TRIPROLIDINE HYDROCHLORIDEHistamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.48
TRIPTORELIN2
TRIPTORELIN ACETATE1
TRIPTORELIN PAMOATEA potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.Triptorelin is used to treat advanced prostate cancer in men. It is not a cure. Most types of prostate cancer need the male hormone testosterone to grow and spread. Triptorelin works by reducing the amount of testosterone that the body makes. This effect helps slow or stop the growth of cancer cells and helps relieve symptoms such as painful/difficult urination. This medication is similar to a natural substance made by the body (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-LHRH). Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of treatment.8
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATESodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.57
TRITICUM AESTIVUM POLLEN34
TRITICUM AESTIVUM WHOLE10
TROFINETIDE3
TROLAMINE5
TROLAMINE SALICYLATE40
TROMETHAMINEAn organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)12
TROPAEOLUM MAJUS FLOWER3
TROPICAMIDEOne of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.This medication is used to widen (dilate) the pupil of the eye in preparation for certain eye examinations. It belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Tropicamide works by relaxing certain eye muscles.16
TROPOLONEA seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).2
TROSPIUM CHLORIDEThis medication is used to treat an overactive bladder. By relaxing the muscles in the bladder, trospium improves your ability to control your urination. It helps to reduce leaking of urine, feelings of needing to urinate right away, and frequent trips to the bathroom. Trospium belongs to a class of drugs known as antispasmodics. It is also known as an antimuscarinic.30
TRYPAN BLUEA diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.1
TRYPSINA serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.1
TRYPTOPHANAn essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.69
TSUGA CANADENSIS BARK5
TSUGA CANADENSIS FLOWER BUD4
TSUGA CANADENSIS WHOLE1
TUBERCULIN PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE14
TUBERCULINUM RESIDUUM3
TUBOCURARINE CHLORIDEA neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.4
TUCATINIB7
TULATHROMYCIN3
TUNA, UNSPECIFIED4
TUNGSTENA metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.1
TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE8
TURKEYCountry in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The capital is Ankara.3
TURMERIC14
TURNERA DIFFUSA LEAFY TWIG33
TURNIP2
TURPENTINEThe concrete oleoresin obtained from PINACEAE such as longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). It contains a volatile oil, to which its properties are due, and to which form it is generally used. Turpentine is used as a solvent and an experimental irritant in biomedical research.6
TURPENTINE OIL60
TUSSILAGO FARFARAA plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Flower buds contain farfaratin (SESQUITERPENES) and bisabolene epoxide.8
TUSSILAGO FARFARA WHOLE1
TYLOPHORA INDICA LEAF2
TYLOSINMacrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.2
TYLOSIN PHOSPHATE1
TYLOSIN TARTRATEMacrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.4
TYLVALOSIN TARTRATE1
TYPHA ORIENTALIS WHOLE1
TYRAMINEAn indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.17
TYROSINEA non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.55
UBIDECARENONECoenzyme Q10 has been used for heart problems (e.g., heart failure, angina), high blood pressure, Parkinson's disease, gum disease, and certain diseases passed down through families (Huntington's disease, muscular dystrophy). It has also been used for reducing the number of migraine headaches and for reducing cell damage that may occur after surgery or treatment with certain anti-cancer drugs. If you have or think you have any of the conditions listed above, consult your doctor for advice on proper care and treatment. Coenzyme Q10 is a substance that your body normally makes. Your body uses it to help keep in good health. Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use. The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.58
UBLITUXIMAB2
UBROGEPANT7
UDENAFIL1
ULEX EUROPAEUS FLOWER15
ULEX EUROPAEUS WHOLE1
ULIPRISTAL ACETATEUlipristal is used by women to prevent pregnancy after birth control failure (such as a broken condom) or unprotected sex. This medication is an emergency contraceptive and should not be used as a regular form of birth control. It works mainly by preventing the release of an egg (ovulation) during your menstrual cycle. It also makes vaginal fluid thicker to help prevent sperm from reaching an egg (fertilization) and changes the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent attachment of a fertilized egg. Using this medication will not stop an existing pregnancy or protect you or your partner against sexually transmitted diseases (such as HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia). This medication may not work well in women who are overweight (for example, body mass index greater than 30) or if you are using certain other medications. This effect can result in pregnancy. Talk to your doctor for more details and to see if this medication is right for you (see also Drug Interactions section).5
ULMUS AMERICANA POLLEN78
ULMUS CRASSIFOLIA POLLEN29
ULMUS CRASSIFOLIA WHOLE2
ULMUS GLABRA POLLEN1
ULMUS GLABRA WHOLE2
ULMUS MINOR FLOWERING TWIG2
ULMUS MINOR WHOLE2
ULMUS PARVIFOLIA POLLEN2
ULMUS PARVIFOLIA WHOLE1
ULMUS PROCERA FLOWERING TWIG9
ULMUS PUMILA POLLEN44
ULMUS RUBRA BARK20
ULMUS RUBRA POLLEN3
ULOTARONT HYDROCHLORIDE1
ULVA LACTUCA EXTRACT1
UMBELLULARIA CALIFORNICA WHOLE1
UMBILICUS RUPESTRIS1
UMECLIDINIUM BROMIDEUmeclidinium is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing, shortness of breath) caused by ongoing lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, which includes bronchitis and emphysema). It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways so that they open up and you can breathe more easily. Umeclidinium belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics. Controlling symptoms of breathing problems can decrease time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden shortness of breath. If wheezing or sudden shortness of breath occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, also called salbutamol in some countries) as prescribed.13
UMIFENOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE1
UMIROLIMUS1
UNCARIA TOMENTOSA ROOT1
UNCARIA TOMENTOSA WHOLE1
UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA1
UNDECYLENIC ACID46
UNITHIOLA chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.3
UPADACITINIBUpadacitinib is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It helps decrease pain, tenderness, and swelling in the joints.8
URANIUMA radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.2
URANYL NITRATE HEXAHYDRATE39
URAPIDIL1
UREAA compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.Urea is used to treat dry/rough skin conditions (e.g., eczema, psoriasis, corns, callus) and some nail problems (e.g., ingrown nails). It may also be used to help remove dead tissue in some wounds to help wound healing. Urea is known as a keratolytic. It increases moisture in the skin by softening/dissolving the horny substance (keratin) holding the top layer of skin cells together. This effect helps the dead skin cells fall off and helps the skin keep more water in.54
UREA C-133
UREA C-141
URIC ACIDAn oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.20
URIDINE TRIACETATE2
UROFOLLITROPINA protein extract of human menopausal urine in which LUTEINIZING HORMONE has been partially or completely removed. Urofollitropin represents FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE from the urine.4
URSADIOL1
URSODIOLAn epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.Ursodiol is used to dissolve certain types of gallstones, to prevent gallstones from forming in obese patients who are losing weight rapidly, and to treat a certain type of liver disease (primary biliary cholangitis). Ursodiol is a bile acid.74
URTICA DIOICAA plant species of the genus Urtica, family URTICACEAE. Roots have been used to treat PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA. Leaves are edible after the stinging quality is eliminated by brief heating.32
URTICA DIOICA LEAF6
URTICA DIOICA POLLEN40
URTICA DIOICA ROOT4
URTICA DIOICA WHOLE6
URTICA URENS117
URTICA URENS WHOLE16
USNEA BARBATA1
USTEKINUMABA humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to IL-12 and IL-23 and is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of patients with plaque PSORIASIS who have not responded to other therapies.Ustekinumab is used to treat plaque psoriasis, a certain type of arthritis (psoriatic arthritis), or certain bowel conditions (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis). It works by blocking certain natural proteins in your body (interleukin-12 and interleukin-23) that cause inflammation (swelling) in these conditions. Ustekinumab does not cure these diseases, but helps to lessen symptoms of the disease. It can help to decrease the amount of plaques in plaque psoriasis, decrease the number of swollen/painful joints in psoriatic arthritis, and decrease symptoms such as abdominal pain/cramping and diarrhea in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.4
USTILAGO AVENAE3
USTILAGO CYNODONTIS3
USTILAGO MAYDIS58
USTILAGO NUDA3
USTILAGO TRITICI3
VABORBACTAM1
VACCINIA VIRUSThe type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.4
VACCINIA VIRUS MODIFIED STRAIN ANKARA-BAVARIAN NORDIC NON-REPLICATING ANTIGEN1
VACCINIA VIRUS STRAIN NEW YORK CITY BOARD OF HEALTH LIVE ANTIGEN6
VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA LEAF4
VALACYCLOVIR HYDROCHLORIDEA prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.110
VALACYCLOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE3
VALBENAZINE4
VALBENAZINE DITOSYLATE3
VALBENAZINE TOSYLATEValbenazine is used to treat involuntary movements of the face, tongue, or other body parts (tardive dyskinesia). This medication is thought to work by decreasing the amount of certain natural substances in the brain that affect how your nerves and muscles work (monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine).4
VALERIANA plant genus of the family VALERIANACEAE, order Dipsacales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. It is best known for the sedative use and valepotriate content of the roots. It is sometimes called Garden Heliotrope but is unrelated to true Heliotrope (HELIOTROPIUM).174
VALERIANA OFFICINALIS WHOLE7
VALGANCICLOVIRA ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.3
VALGANCICLOVIR HYDROCHLORIDEA ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.46
VALINEA branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.60
VALOCTOCOGENE ROXAPARVOVEC1
VALPROATE SODIUMA fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.27
VALPROIC ACIDA fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.This medication is used to treat seizure disorders, mental/mood conditions (such as manic phase of bipolar disorder), and to prevent migraine headaches. It works by restoring the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain.31
VALRUBICINValrubicin is used to treat bladder cancer. The usual treatment for bladder cancer is surgery. However, if you and your doctor decide that the risk of surgery is greater than its benefit or that surgery may be delayed, this medication may be used as part of your treatment. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as anthracyclines and works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. This medication may not cure your cancer. Delaying surgery could lead to a more serious illness (metastatic cancer). Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your doctor.4
VALSARTANA tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.Valsartan is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It is also used to improve the chance of living longer after a heart attack. In people with heart failure, it may also lower the chance of having to go to the hospital for heart failure. Valsartan belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It works by relaxing blood vessels so that blood can flow more easily. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems.329
VAMOROLONE2
VANADIUMA metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.64
VANADIUM(II) CHLORIDE8
VANADIUM(III) BROMIDE8
VANADYL SULFATE1
VANCOMYCINAntibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.Vancomycin is used to treat serious bacterial infections. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication is usually given by injection into a vein. However, the form in vials may also be given by mouth to treat a certain intestinal condition (colitis) that may rarely happen after treatment with antibiotics. This condition causes diarrhea and stomach/abdominal discomfort or pain. When vancomycin is taken by mouth, it stays in the intestines to stop the growth of bacteria that cause these symptoms. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu). Using any antibiotic when it is not needed can cause it to not work for future infections.10
VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDEAntibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.138
VANDETANIBThis medication is used to treat thyroid cancer (medullary type). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. Vandetanib belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.6
VANILLAA plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).10
VANILLA BEAN10
VANILLYL BUTYL ETHER1
VANILLYLAMINE3
VARDENAFILA piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.4
VARDENAFIL HYDROCHLORIDEA piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.32
VARDENAFIL HYDROCHLORIDE TRIHYDRATEA piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.19
VARENICLINEA benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.1
VARENICLINE TARTRATEA benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.Varenicline is used by adults to help stop smoking. To increase your chance of success, use this medication with a stop-smoking program that includes education, support, and counseling. Quitting smoking lowers your risk of heart and lung disease, as well as cancer. Varenicline works by blocking nicotine's effects in the brain that make you want to smoke. Discuss the risks and benefits of this medication, as well as other ways to quit smoking (such as nicotine replacement treatment), with your doctor.49
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS STRAIN OKA/MERCK LIVE ANTIGEN2
VARIOLA VIRUSA species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing infections in humans. No infections have been reported since 1977 and the virus is now believed to be virtually extinct.1
VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDEA highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).1
VASOPRESSINAntidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.17
VASOPRESSIN, UNSPECIFIED33
VECURONIUM BROMIDEMonoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.23
VEDAPROFEN1
VEDOLIZUMABThis medication is used to treat certain bowel disorders (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease). In these conditions, the body's defense system (immune system) attacks healthy tissues in the gut, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, blood in the stool, and diarrhea. Vedolizumab belongs to a class of drugs known as monoclonal antibodies. It works by blocking the actions of a certain natural substance (integrin) in the body. This helps to decrease swelling (inflammation) in the gut, which lessens symptoms and may slow or stop damage from these bowel disorders.7
VELAFERMIN2
VELAGLUCERASE ALFAVelaglucerase is used to treat a certain rare genetic problem (Gaucher disease). Velaglucerase replaces a certain natural substance (an enzyme called glucocerebrosidase) that is missing in people with Gaucher disease. This medication improves blood, bone, liver, and spleen problems caused by Gaucher disease. Velaglucerase does not correct the genetic problem, and treatment must be continued for life.1
VELMANASE ALFA-TYCV2
VELPATASVIR13
VELVETLEAF HUCKLEBERRY1
VEMURAFENIBAn indole sulfonamide compound and inhibitor of BRAF KINASES that is used for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic MELANOMA.Vemurafenib is used to treat a type of skin cancer (melanoma). It is also used to treat a rare type of blood cell cancer called Erdheim-Chester disease. These cancer cells have a certain type of abnormal "BRAF" gene. Vemurafenib works by slowing the growth of certain cancer cells. It belongs to a class of drugs known as kinase inhibitors.1
VENETOCLAXThis medication is used to treat certain types of cancer (chronic lymphocytic leukemia-CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma-SLL, acute myeloid leukemia-AML). Venetoclax is a drug that works by helping to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.12
VENLAFAXINE BESYLATE MONOHYDRATE2
VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDEA cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.374
VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDEA calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.159
VERATRUM ALBUM ROOT130
VERATRUM NIGRUM FLOWERING TOP8
VERATRUM VIRIDE ROOT37
VERATRUM VIRIDE WHOLE1
VERBASCUM DENSIFLORUM FLOWER3
VERBASCUM DENSIFLORUM FLOWERING TOP2
VERBASCUM DENSIFLORUM LEAF3
VERBASCUM THAPSUSA plant genus of the family Scrophulariaceae.70
VERBASCUM THAPSUS WHOLE4
VERBENA HASTATA TOP3
VERBENA OFFICINALIS5
VERBENA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP13
VERBENA OFFICINALIS WHOLE1
VERDINEXOR1
VERICIGUAT6
VERONICA BECCABUNGA2
VERONICA OFFICINALIS FLOWERING TOP23
VERONICASTRUM VIRGINICUM ROOT19
VERTEPORFINA benzoporphyrin derivative that is used in PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY to treat wet type MACULAR DEGENERATION.Verteporfin is used along with laser light treatment to treat certain serious eye conditions (e.g., macular degeneration, pathologic myopia, ocular histoplasmosis). It is used to help prevent decreased vision and blindness. After you have received the injection of verteporfin, your doctor will use laser light treatment on the affected eye(s). The laser light will change the drug to a form that works by damaging only those cells that cause the serious eye problem.2
VESPA CRABRO23
VESPULA GERMANICA VENOM PROTEIN4
VESPULA MACULIFRONS VENOM PROTEIN4
VESPULA PENSYLVANICA VENOM PROTEIN4
VESPULA SQUAMOSA VENOM PROTEIN4
VESPULA VULGARIS VENOM PROTEIN4
VESTRONIDASE ALFA2
VESTRONIDASE ALFA-VJBK1
VIABLE AND METABOLICALLY ACTIVE ALLOGENEIC HUMAN NIKS KERATINOCYTES AND HUMAN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS CELLULARIZED LAYERED SCAFFOLD2
VIBEGRON5
VIBRIO CHOLERAEThe etiologic agent of CHOLERA.5
VIBURNUM LANTANA FLOWER BUD3
VIBURNUM OPULUS BARK32
VIBURNUM OPULUS ROOT2
VIBURNUM OPULUS WHOLE1
VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM BARK4
VIDARABINE ANHYDROUS1
VIGABATRINAn analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and is used as an anticonvulsant. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)Vigabatrin is used to treat babies, one month to 2 years old who have a condition known as infantile spasms. Vigabatrin has also been used in combination with other medications to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy). Vigabatrin decreases the number of seizures in adults and children who have not been able to control their seizures with other treatment. Vigabatrin is an anticonvulsant. It is thought to work by stopping the breakdown of a natural calming substance (GABA) in the brain.38
VILANTEROL1
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE16
VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDEA benzofuran, indole, and piperazine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR and partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.46
VILDAGLIPTINA pyrrolidine-carbonitrile derivative and potent inhibitor of DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.5
VILOBELIMAB1
VILOXAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEA morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.11
VILTOLARSEN1
VINBLASTINE SULFATEAntitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)Vinblastine is used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.4
VINCA MINORA plant genus of the family Apocynaceae.15
VINCETOXICUM ATRATUM STEM1
VINCETOXICUM HIRUNDINARIA LEAF3
VINCETOXICUM HIRUNDINARIA ROOT12
VINCETOXICUM INDICUM LEAF1
VINCETOXICUM INDICUM ROOT1
VINCRISTINE SULFATEAn antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)Vincristine is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a cancer chemotherapy drug that is usually used with other chemotherapy drugs to slow or stop cancer cell growth.7
VINORELBINE TARTRATEA vinca alkaloid related to VINBLASTINE that is used as a first-line treatment for NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, or for advanced or metastatic BREAST CANCER refractory to treatment with ANTHRACYCLINES.Vinorelbine is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a chemotherapy drug that works by slowing or stopping cancer cell growth.6
VIOLA ODORATA26
VIOLA ODORATA FLOWER3
VIOLA ODORATA FLOWERING TOP1
VIOLA ODORATA WHOLE3
VIOLA TRICOLOR13
VIOLA TRICOLOR WHOLE13
VIPERA BERUS VENOM26
VIPIVOTIDE TETRAXETAN2
VIROLA SEBIFERA RESIN23
VISCUM ALBUM FRUIT5
VISCUM ALBUM FRUITING TOP188
VISCUM ALBUM LEAF1
VISCUM ALBUM STEM4
VISCUM ALBUM SUBSP. ABIETIS WHOLE1
VISCUM ALBUM WHOLE19
VISMODEGIBThis medication is used to treat adults with a certain type of skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma).1
VISNAGA DAUCOIDES FRUIT2
VITAMIN ARetinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.Vitamin A is used to prevent or treat low levels of the vitamin in people who do not get enough of it from their diets. Most people who eat a normal diet do not need extra vitamin A. However, some conditions (such as protein deficiency, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver/pancreas problems) can cause low levels of vitamin A. Vitamin A plays an important role in the body. It is needed for growth and bone development and to maintain the health of the skin and eyesight. Low levels of vitamin A may cause vision problems (such as night blindness) and permanent eye damage.34
VITAMIN A ACETATE36
VITAMIN A PALMITATE19
VITAMIN DA vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.26
VITIS VINIFERA FLOWERING TOP9
VITIS VINIFERA LEAF7
VITIS VINIFERA WHOLE4
VOCLOSPORIN6
VOLANESORSEN SODIUM1
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR HUMAN1
VONOPRAZAN FUMARATE5
VORICONAZOLEA triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.Voriconazole is used to treat a variety of fungal infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of fungi.78
VORINOSTATA hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.Vorinostat is used to treat a certain type of cancer (CTCL-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma). It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.5
VORTIOXETINEA piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.1
VORTIOXETINE HYDROBROMIDEA piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.This medication is used to treat depression. It works by helping to restore the balance of a certain natural substance (serotonin) in the brain. Vortioxetine is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and serotonin receptor modulator. This medication may improve your mood, sleep, appetite, and energy level and may help restore your interest in daily living.15
VOSORITIDE1
VOXELOTORThis medication is used to treat sickle cell disease. People with sickle cell disease have a certain abnormal protein (hemoglobin S) in their red blood cells that makes the cells stiff and irregularly shaped (sickle- or crescent moon-shaped). Voxelotor works by decreasing hemoglobin S. This effect may decrease symptoms such as tiredness, shortness of breath, and attacks of pain (sickle cell crisis).11
VOXILAPREVIR2
VUTRISIRAN2
WARFARIN SODIUMAn anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.This medication is used to treat blood clots (such as in deep vein thrombosis-DVT or pulmonary embolus-PE) and/or to prevent new clots from forming in your body. Preventing harmful blood clots helps to reduce the risk of a stroke or heart attack. Conditions that increase your risk of developing blood clots include a certain type of irregular heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation), heart valve replacement, recent heart attack, and certain surgeries (such as hip/knee replacement). Warfarin is commonly called a "blood thinner," but the more correct term is "anticoagulant." It helps to keep blood flowing smoothly in your body by decreasing the amount of certain substances (clotting proteins) in your blood.177
WATERA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)183
WATERMELON9
WATERMELON SEED1
WHEAT34
WHEAT BRANThe remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.1
WHEAT GLUTEN6
WHEAT SPROUT1
WHEYThe liquid components of milk that remain after the CASEIN, fat, and fat soluble components have been removed. It is also a byproduct of cheese production.8
WHITE MUSTARD SEED4
WHITE OAK BARK2
WHITE PEPPER6
WHITE PETROLATUMA colloidal system of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from PETROLEUM. It is used as an ointment base, topical protectant, and lubricant.41
WHITE PINE OIL1
WHITE RICE5
WHITE WAX2
WILLOW BARK11
WINE GRAPE1
WITCH HAZEL137
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA FLOWER1
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOT1
WITHANIA SOMNIFERA WHOLE1
WOLFIPORIA COCOS WHOLE1
WOOD CREOSOTE90
WOOD TAR HYDROCARBON DISTILLATE1
WORMWOOD61
WORMWOOD OIL1
WURFBAINIA VILLOSA FRUIT1
WYETHIA HELENIOIDES ROOT28
XANTHAN GUM5
XANTHINEA purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed)4
XANTHIUM SIBIRICUM FRUIT1
XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM FRUIT1
XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM LEAF1
XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM POLLEN63
XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM VAR. CANADENSE POLLEN7
XENON XE-1291
XENON XE-129, HYPERPOLARIZED1
XENON XE-1335
XEROPHYLLUM ASPHODELOIDES24
XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDEAn adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.3
XYLITOLA five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.14
XYLOMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE2
YEASTA general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.4
YEAST MANNAN3
YEAST, UNSPECIFIED5
YELLOW FEVER VIRUS STRAIN 17D-204 LIVE ANTIGEN1
YELLOWFIN TUNA2
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICAA species of the genus YERSINIA, isolated from both man and animal. It is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in children.4
YERSINIA PESTISThe etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.2
YOHIMBINEA plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.1
YTTERBIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.10
YTTERBIUM OXIDE19
YTTRIUMAn element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.10
YTTRIUM BROMIDE8
YTTRIUM CHLORIDE8
YTTRIUM CHLORIDE Y-901
YTTRIUM FLUORIDE8
YTTRIUM IODIDE8
YTTRIUM OXIDE8
YUCCA FILAMENTOSAA genus (and common name) in the Asparagaceae family. It is known for SAPONINS in the root that are used in SOAPS.10
YUCCA FILAMENTOSA WHOLE2
ZAFIRLUKASTZafirlukast is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and cuts down on time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, salbutamol) as prescribed.22
ZAIRE EBOLAVIRUS (STRAIN KIKWIT-95) ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN1
ZALEPLONThis medication is used for a short time to treat people who have trouble falling asleep. If you have other sleep problems such as not being able to sleep through the night, this medication may not be right for you. Zaleplon is known as a hypnotic. It works on certain centers in the brain to relax you and help you fall asleep faster.24
ZANAMIVIRA guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.Zanamivir is used to treat symptoms caused by the flu virus (influenza) if you have had symptoms for 2 days or less. It helps lessen symptoms (such as stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, fever/chills, headache, body aches, tiredness) and shortens the recovery time by about 1 to 2 days. Zanamivir may also be used to prevent the flu if you have been exposed to someone who already has the flu (such as a sick household member) or if there is a flu outbreak in the community. Talk to your doctor for more details. This medication works by stopping the flu virus from growing. It is not a substitute for the flu vaccine. If you have the flu, zanamivir does not reduce the risk of giving the flu to others.2
ZANTHOXYLUM AMERICANUM BARK32
ZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM FRUIT1
ZANUBRUTINIB10
ZASOCITINIB1
ZAVEGEPANT HYDROCHLORIDE3
ZEA MAYS POLLEN38
ZEA MAYS SUBSP. MAYS WHOLE1
ZELNECIRNON1
ZELTNERA VENUSTA WHOLE FLOWERING2
ZERANOLA non-steroidal estrogen analog.1
ZICONOTIDE1
ZICONOTIDE ACETATEThis medication is a non-opioid pain reliever that is used to treat ongoing pain when other treatments or medications cannot control your pain. Ziconotide works by blocking the nerves in the spinal cord that send pain signals. It decreases ongoing pain caused by cancer, AIDS, failed back surgery, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, and other causes.4
ZIDOVUDINEA dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.This drug is used with other HIV medications to help control HIV infection. It helps to decrease the amount of HIV in your body so your immune system can work better. This lowers your chance of getting HIV complications (such as new infections, cancer) and improves your quality of life. Zidovudine belongs to a class of drugs known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTIs. Zidovudine is used in pregnant women to prevent passing the HIV virus to the unborn baby. This medication is also used in newborns born to mothers infected with HIV to prevent infection in the newborns. Zidovudine is not a cure for HIV infection. To decrease your risk of spreading HIV disease to others, do all of the following: (1) continue to take all HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your doctor, (2) always use an effective barrier method (latex or polyurethane condoms/dental dams) during all sexual activity, and (3) do not share personal items (such as needles/syringes, toothbrushes, and razors) that may have contacted blood or other body fluids. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.38
ZILEUTONZileuton is used to control and prevent symptoms (such as wheezing and shortness of breath) caused by asthma. Controlling symptoms of asthma helps you maintain your normal activities and cuts down on time lost from work or school. This medication must be used regularly to be effective. It does not work right away and should not be used to relieve sudden asthma attacks. If an asthma attack occurs, use your quick-relief inhaler (such as albuterol, salbutamol) as prescribed. This drug is not recommended for use in children younger than 12 years due to possible risk of liver problems.13
ZILPATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE1
ZILUCOPLAN3
ZINCA metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.241
ZINC ACETATEA salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic.This medication is used after other medications to treat a certain liver disease (Wilson's disease). This inherited disease causes the liver to hold onto too much copper, resulting in liver damage and other serious problems. This medication causes the intestines to make more of a certain substance (a protein) that prevents the body from absorbing too much copper from food, thereby preventing further damage.126
ZINC ACETATE ANHYDROUSA salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic.19
ZINC ASCORBATE1
ZINC BROMIDE10
ZINC CARBOBENZOXY-.BETA.-ALANYLTAURINATE2
ZINC CARBONATE9
ZINC CATION1
ZINC CHLORIDE57
ZINC CITRATE5
ZINC CITRATE DIHYDRATE1
ZINC GLUCONATE92
ZINC GLYCINATE2
ZINC IODIDE8
ZINC MONOETHYLFUMARATE2
ZINC OXIDEA mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.This medication is used to treat and prevent diaper rash and other minor skin irritations (e.g., burns, cuts, scrapes). It works by forming a barrier on the skin to protect it from irritants/moisture.3528
ZINC PHOSPHATE TETRAHYDRATE1
ZINC PHOSPHIDE4
ZINC PICOLINATE4
ZINC PICRATE1
ZINC PICRATE NONAHYDRATE1
ZINC PIDOLATE1
ZINC SULFATEA compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)52
ZINC SULFATE ANHYDROUS1
ZINC SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE26
ZINC SULFATE MONOHYDRATE4
ZINC SULFATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM7
ZINC UNDECYLENATE5
ZINC VALERATE1
ZINC VALERATE DIHYDRATE24
ZINGIBER OFFICINALE WHOLE2
ZINNIA ELEGANS WHOLE4
ZIPALERTINIB1
ZIPRASIDONE4
ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE116
ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS1
ZIPRASIDONE MESYLATEZiprasidone injection is used to treat occurrences of severe agitation in patients with schizophrenia. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Ziprasidone injection is used when quick relief of your symptoms is required. It is not used together with the form of this medication that is taken by mouth. An injection of ziprasidone works quickly to reduce tension and anxiety which, if untreated, can result in dangerous behavior and interfere with your treatment and care.12
ZIRCONIUMA rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.10
ZIRCONIUM CARBONATE16
ZIRCONIUM CHLORIDE8
ZIRCONIUM FLUORIDE8
ZIRCONIUM IODIDE8
ZIRCONIUM OXIDE8
ZIRCONIUM SULFATE8
ZOLAZEPAM HYDROCHLORIDEA pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.2
ZOLBETUXIMAB2
ZOLEDRONIC ACIDAn imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.This medication is used to treat high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) that may occur with cancer. Zoledronic acid is also used with cancer chemotherapy to treat bone problems that may occur with multiple myeloma and other types of cancer (such as breast, lung) that have spread to the bones. Zoledronic acid belongs to a class of drugs known as bisphosphonates. It lowers high blood calcium levels by reducing the amount of calcium released from your bones into your blood. It also works by slowing the breakdown of your bones by cancer to prevent bone fractures.47
ZOLEDRONIC ACID ANHYDROUSAn imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.1
ZOLMITRIPTANZolmitriptan is used to treat migraines. It helps to relieve headache, pain, and other migraine symptoms (including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light/sound). Prompt treatment helps you return to your normal routine and may decrease your need for other pain medications. Zolmitriptan belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans. It affects a certain natural substance (serotonin) that causes narrowing of blood vessels in the brain. It may also relieve pain by affecting certain nerves in the brain. Zolmitriptan does not prevent future migraines or lessen how often you get migraine attacks.63
ZOLPIDEM TARTRATEAn imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.Zolpidem is used to treat a certain sleep problem (insomnia) in adults. If you have trouble falling asleep, it helps you fall asleep faster, so you can get a better night's rest. Zolpidem belongs to a class of drugs called sedative-hypnotics. It acts on your brain to produce a calming effect. This medication is usually limited to short treatment periods of 1 to 2 weeks or less.151
ZONISAMIDEA benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.Zonisamide is used with other medications to prevent and control seizures (epilepsy). Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is unknown how zonisamide works to prevent seizures.70
ZOPICLONE3
ZOTAROLIMUS1
ZUCCHINI2
ZURANOLONE5