Other
Growth Hormone Deficiency — Humatrope is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to inadequate secretion of endogenous growth hormone (GH).
Short Stature Associated with Turner Syndrome — Humatrope is indicated for the treatment of short stature associated with Turner syndrome [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Idiopathic Short Stature — Humatrope is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic short stature, also called non-GH-deficient short stature, defined by height SDS ≤-2.25 and associated with growth rates unlikely to permit attainment of adult height in the normal range, in pediatric patients for whom diagnostic evaluation excludes other causes of short stature that should be observed or treated by other means [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]; SDS = standard deviation scores.
SHOX Deficiency — Humatrope is indicated for the treatment of short stature or growth failure in children with short stature homeobox-containing gene (SHOX) deficiency [see Clinical Studies (14.4)].
Small for Gestational Age — Humatrope is indicated for the treatment of growth failure in children born small for gestational age (SGA) who fail to demonstrate catch-up growth by age two to four years [see Clinical Studies (14.5)].
Adult-Onset (AO): Patients who have GH deficiency, either alone or associated with multiple hormone deficiencies (hypopituitarism), as a result of pituitary disease, hypothalamic disease, surgery, radiation therapy, or trauma; or
Childhood-Onset (CO): Patients who were GH deficient during childhood as a result of congenital, genetic, acquired, or idiopathic causes.
Patients who were treated with somatropin for GH deficiency in childhood and whose epiphyses are closed should be reevaluated before continuation of somatropin therapy at the reduced dose level recommended for GH deficient adults. According to current standards, confirmation of the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency in both groups involves an appropriate GH provocative test with two exceptions: (1) patients with multiple other pituitary hormone deficiencies due to organic disease; and (2) patients with congenital/genetic GH deficiency.
Vial — Each 5-mg vial of Humatrope should be reconstituted with 1.5 to 5 mL of Diluent for Humatrope. The diluent should be injected into the vial of Humatrope by aiming the stream of liquid gently against the vial wall. Following reconstitution, the vial should be swirled with a GENTLE rotary motion until the contents are completely dissolved. DO NOT SHAKE. The resulting solution should be clear. If the solution is cloudy or contains particulate matter, the contents MUST NOT be injected.
If sensitivity to the diluent should occur, the vials may be reconstituted with Bacteriostatic Water for Injection (Benzyl Alcohol preserved), USP or Sterile Water for Injection, USP. When Humatrope is reconstituted with Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP, the solution should be kept refrigerated at 36° to 46°F (2° to 8°C) and used within 14 days. It is important to note that benzyl alcohol used as a preservative in Bacteriostatic Water has been associated with toxicity in newborns. Therefore, Bacteriostatic Water for Injection must not be used to reconstitute Humatrope for use in a newborn infant. When Humatrope is to be administered to a newborn infant it should be reconstituted with the diluent provided or, if the infant is sensitive to the diluent, Sterile Water for Injection, USP. When reconstituted with Sterile Water for Injection the solution should be kept refrigerated at 36° to 46°F (2° to 8°C) and used within 24 hours.
Cartridge — The Humatrope cartridge has been designed for use only with the Humatrope injection device. Each cartridge of Humatrope should be reconstituted using only the diluent syringe that accompanies the cartridge and should not be reconstituted with the Diluent for Humatrope provided with Humatrope vials. The reconstituted solution should be clear. If the solution is cloudy or contains particulate matter, the contents MUST NOT be injected. Humatrope cartridges should not be used if the patient is allergic to metacresol or glycerin.
The somatropin concentrations for the reconstituted Humatrope cartridges are as follows:
| 6 mg cartridge (gold) | 2.08 mg/mL |
| 12 mg cartridge (teal) | 4.17 mg/mL |
| 24 mg cartridge (purple) | 8.33 mg/mL |
[See How Supplied (16.2) and Information for the Patient for comprehensive directions on Humatrope cartridge reconstitution].
Non-weight based — based on published consensus guidelines, a starting dose of approximately 0.2 mg/day (range, 0.15-0.30 mg/day) may be used without consideration of body weight. This dose can be increased gradually every 1-2 months by increments of approximately 0.1-0.2 mg/day, according to individual patient requirements based on the clinical response and serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. The dose should be decreased as necessary on the basis of adverse events and/or serum IGF-I concentrations above the age- and gender-specific normal range. Maintenance dosages vary considerably from person to person, and between male and female patients.
Weight-based — based on the dosing regimen used in the original adult GH deficiency registration trials, the recommended dosage at the start of treatment is not more than 0.006 mg/kg (6 μg/kg) daily. The dose may be increased according to individual patient requirements to a maximum of 0.0125 mg/kg (12.5 μg/kg) daily. Clinical response, side effects, and determination of age- and gender-adjusted serum IGF-I concentrations should be used as guidance in dose titration.
A lower starting dose and smaller dose increments should be considered for older patients, who are more prone to the adverse effects of somatropin than younger individuals. In addition, obese individuals are more likely to manifest adverse effects when treated with a weight-based regimen. Estrogen-replete women may need higher doses than men. Oral estrogen administration may increase the dose requirements in women.
Acute Critical Illness — Treatment with pharmacologic amounts of somatropin is contraindicated in patients with acute critical illness due to complications following open heart surgery, abdominal surgery or multiple accidental trauma, or those with acute respiratory failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Prader-Willi Syndrome in Children — Somatropin is contraindicated in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome who are severely obese, have a history of upper airway obstruction or sleep apnea, or have severe respiratory impairment. There have been reports of sudden death when somatropin was used in such patients. Humatrope is not indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to genetically confirmed Prader-Willi syndrome. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Active Malignancy — In general, somatropin is contraindicated in the presence of active malignancy. Any preexisting malignancy should be inactive and its treatment complete prior to instituting therapy with somatropin. Somatropin should be discontinued if there is evidence of recurrent activity. Since GH deficiency may be an early sign of the presence of a pituitary tumor (or, rarely, other brain tumors), the presence of such tumors should be ruled out prior to initiation of treatment. Somatropin should not be used in patients with any evidence of progression or recurrence of an underlying intracranial tumor [See Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Hypersensitivity — Humatrope is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to somatropin or any of its excipients. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with postmarketing use of somatropin products [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Diabetic Retinopathy — Somatropin is contraindicated in patients with active proliferative or severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Closed Epiphyses — Somatropin should not be used for growth promotion in pediatric patients with closed epiphyses.
Pediatric Patients
GH Deficiency
As with all protein pharmaceuticals, a small percentage of patients may develop antibodies to the protein. During the first 6 months of Humatrope therapy in 314 naive patients, only 1.6% developed specific antibodies to Humatrope (binding capacity ≥0.02 mg/L). None had antibody concentrations which exceeded 2 mg/L. Throughout 8 years of this same study, two patients (0.6%) had binding capacity >2 mg/L. Neither patient demonstrated a decrease in growth velocity at or near the time of increased antibody production. It has been reported that growth attenuation from pituitary-derived GH may occur when antibody concentrations are >1.5 mg/L.
In addition to an evaluation of compliance with the treatment program and of thyroid status, testing for antibodies to somatropin should be carried out in any patient who fails to respond to therapy.
In studies with GH deficient pediatric patients, injection site pain was reported infrequently. A mild and transient edema, which appeared in 2.5% of patients, was observed early during the course of treatment.
Turner Syndrome
In a randomized, concurrent-controlled, open-label trial, there was a statistically significant increase in the occurrence of otitis media (43% vs. 26%), ear disorders (18% vs. 5%) and surgical procedures (45% vs. 27%) in patients receiving Humatrope compared with untreated control patients (Table 1). A similar increase in otitis media was observed in an 18-month placebo-controlled trial.
a Open-label study. | |||
b Dose=0.3 mg/kg/wk. | |||
| Treatment Groupa | |||
| Adverse Reaction | Untreated | Humatropeb | Significance |
| Total Number of Patients | 62 | 74 | |
| Surgical procedure | 17 (27.4%) | 33 (44.6%) | p≤0.05 |
| Otitis media | 16 (25.8%) | 32 (43.2%) | p≤0.05 |
| Ear disorders | 3 (4.8%) | 13 (17.6%) | p≤0.05 |
Idiopathic Short Stature
In a randomized, placebo-controlled study of Humatrope treatment (0.22 mg/kg/week) to adult height in patients with idiopathic short stature, the adverse events reported in Humatrope-treated patients (Table 2) were similar to those observed in other pediatric populations treated with Humatrope. Mean serum glucose concentration did not change during Humatrope treatment. Mean fasting serum insulin concentration increased 10% in the Humatrope treatment group at the end of treatment relative to baseline, but remained within the normal reference range. For the same duration of treatment, the mean fasting serum insulin concentration decreased by 2% in the placebo group. The occurrence rates of above-range values for glucose, insulin, and HbA1c were similar in the Humatrope (somatropin)- and placebo-treated groups. No patient developed diabetes mellitus. Consistent with the known mechanism of growth hormone action, Humatrope-treated patients had greater mean increases, relative to baseline, in serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) than placebo-treated patients at each study observation. However, there was no significant difference between the Humatrope and placebo treatment groups in the proportion of patients who had at least one serum IGF-I concentration more than 2.0 SD above the age- and gender-appropriate mean (Humatrope: 9 of 35 patients [26%]; placebo: 7 of 28 patients [25%]).
| Treatment Group | ||
| Adverse Reaction | Placebo | Humatrope |
| Total Number of Patients | 31 | 37 |
| Scoliosis | 4 (12.9%) | 7 (18.9%) |
| Otitis media | 2 (6.5%) | 6 (16.2%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1 (3.2%) | 3 (8.1%) |
| Gynecomastia | 1 (3.2%) | 2 (5.4%) |
| Hip pain | 0 | 1 (2.7%) |
| Arthralgia | 1 (3.2%) | 4 (10.8%) |
| Arthrosis | 2 (6.5%) | 4 (10.8%) |
| Myalgia | 4 (12.9%) | 9 (24.3%) |
| Hypertension | 0 | 1 (2.7%) |
The adverse events observed in the dose-response study (239 patients treated for 2 years) did not indicate a pattern suggestive of a somatropin dose effect. Among Humatrope dose groups, mean fasting blood glucose, mean glycosylated hemoglobin, and the incidence of elevated fasting blood glucose concentrations were similar. One patient developed abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose intolerance and high serum HbA1c) on treatment.
SHOX Deficiency
Clinically significant adverse events (adverse events previously observed in association with growth hormone treatment in general) were assessed prospectively during the 2-year randomized, open-label study; those observed are presented in Table 3. In both treatment groups, the mean fasting plasma glucose concentration at the end of the first year was similar to the baseline value and remained in the normal range. No patient developed diabetes mellitus or had an above normal value for fasting plasma glucose at the end of one-year of treatment. During the 2 year study period, the proportion of patients who had at least one IGF-I concentration greater than 2.0 SD above the age- and gender-appropriate mean was 10 of 27 [37.0%] for the Humatrope-treated group vs. 0 of 24 patients [0.0%] for the untreated group. The proportion of patients who had at least one IGFBP-3 concentration greater than 2.0 SD above the age and gender appropriate mean was 16 of 27 [59.3%] for the Humatrope treated group vs. 7 of 24 [29.2%] for the untreated group.
a All events were non-serious. | ||
b Events are included only if reported for a greater number of Humatrope-treated than Untreated patients. | ||
c Percentage calculated for males only (1/12). | ||
| Adverse Reaction | Treatment Group | |
| Untreated | Humatrope | |
| Total Number of Patients | 25 | 27 |
| Patients with at least one event | 2 | 5 |
| Arthralgia | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (11.1%) |
| Gynecomastiac | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) |
| Excessive number of cutaneous nevi | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (7.4%) |
| Scoliosis | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) |
Small for Gestational Age
Study 1 — In a 2-year, multicenter, randomized study, 193 non-GH deficient children with short stature born SGA who failed to demonstrate catch-up growth were treated with 2 different Humatrope treatment regimens: a fixed dose of 0.067 mg/kg/day (FHD group) or an individually adjusted dose regimen (IAD group; starting dose 0.035 mg/kg/day which could be increased as early as Month 3 to 0.067 mg/kg/day based on a validated growth prediction model). The most frequently reported adverse events were common childhood infectious diseases. Adverse events possibly/probably related to Humatrope were otitis media and headaches (where there was a suggestion of a modest dose response), and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (1 child) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. There were no clear cut cases of new-onset diabetes mellitus, no children treated for hyperglycemia, and no children whose fasting blood glucose exceeded 126 mg/dL at any time during the study. However, 6 children (4 in the FHD group and 2 in the IAD group whose dose was increased from 0.035 mg/kg/day to 0.067 mg/kg/day [one at Month 3 and one at Year 1]) manifested impaired fasting glucose at Year 2. Two of these six children displayed impaired fasting glucose during the study as well, and one of them was required to discontinue Humatrope at Month 15 as a consequence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6)]. A modestly dose-dependent increase in mean serum IGF-I SDS concentrations within the reference range was observed; of note, at study completion, 20-25% of these children had serum IGF-I SDS values > +2.
Study 2 — A 2-year, open-label, single-arm study of Humatrope at a dosage of 0.067 mg/kg/day in 35 non-GH deficient children with short stature born SGA who failed to demonstrate catch-up growth did not reveal further safety data of note.
Study 3 — Additional safety information was obtained from 340 short children born SGA followed in an observational study who received an average Humatrope dosage of 0.041 mg/kg/day (maximum dose: 0.084 mg/kg/day) for an average of 3.0 years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus apparently precipitated by Humatrope therapy was reported in a single patient, but appeared to resolve after discontinuation of Humatrope treatment, as the child had a normal oral glucose tolerance test and was receiving no antihyperglycemic medications 9 months after the drug was discontinued. One patient manifested carpal tunnel syndrome [see Adverse Reactions (6)] and another developed an exacerbation of preexisting scoliosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) and Adverse Reactions (6)] which may have been related to Humatrope treatment.
In both Study 1 and Study 2, after treatment with Humatrope, bone maturation did not accelerate excessively, and the timing of puberty was age-appropriate in boys and girls.
Therefore, it can be concluded that no novel adverse events potentially related to treatment with Humatrope were reported in either short-term study or were apparent after a review of the post-marketing, observational, safety database.
Adult Patients
In clinical studies in which high doses of Humatrope were administered to healthy adult volunteers, the following events occurred infrequently: headache, localized muscle pain, weakness, mild hyperglycemia, and glucosuria.
Adult-Onset GH Deficiency
In the first 6 months of controlled blinded trials during which patients received either Humatrope or placebo, adult-onset GH deficient adults who received Humatrope experienced a statistically significant increase in edema (Humatrope 17.3% vs. placebo 4.4%, p=0.043) and peripheral edema (11.5% vs. 0%, respectively, p=0.017). In patients with adult-onset GH deficiency, edema, muscle pain, joint pain, and joint disorder were reported early in therapy and tended to be transient or responsive to dosage titration.
Two of 113 adult-onset patients developed carpal tunnel syndrome after beginning maintenance therapy without a low dose (0.00625 mg/kg/day) lead-in phase. Symptoms abated in these patients after dosage reduction.
All treatment-emergent adverse events with ≥5% overall occurrence rate during 12 or 18 months of replacement therapy with Humatrope are shown in Table 4 (adult-onset patients) and in Table 5 (childhood-onset patients).
Adult patients treated with Humatrope who had been diagnosed with GH deficiency in childhood reported side effects less frequently than those with adult-onset GH deficiency.
a Abbreviations: GH=Humatrope; N=number of patients receiving treatment in the period stated; n=number of patients reporting each treatment-emergent adverse event. | ||||
b p=0.04 as compared to placebo (6 months). | ||||
c p=0.02 as compared to placebo (6 months). | ||||
| Adverse Reaction | 18 Months Exposure [Placebo (6 Months)/GH (12 Months)] (N=46) | 18 Months GH Exposure (N=52) | ||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Edemab | 7 | 15.2 | 11 | 21.2 |
| Arthralgia | 7 | 15.2 | 9 | 17.3 |
| Paresthesia | 6 | 13.0 | 9 | 17.3 |
| Myalgia | 6 | 13.0 | 7 | 13.5 |
| Pain | 6 | 13.0 | 7 | 13.5 |
| Rhinitis | 5 | 10.9 | 7 | 13.5 |
| Peripheral edemac | 8 | 17.4 | 6 | 11.5 |
| Back pain | 5 | 10.9 | 5 | 9.6 |
| Headache | 5 | 10.9 | 4 | 7.7 |
| Hypertension | 2 | 4.3 | 4 | 7.7 |
| Acne | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5.8 |
| Joint disorder | 1 | 2.2 | 3 | 5.8 |
| Surgical procedure | 1 | 2.2 | 3 | 5.8 |
| Flu syndrome | 3 | 6.5 | 2 | 3.9 |
Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted in 67 adult patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency who had received previous somatropin treatment during childhood. Patients were randomized to receive either placebo injections or Humatrope (0.00625 mg/kg/day [6.25 μg/kg/day] for the first 4 weeks, then 0.0125 mg/kg/day [12.5 μg/kg/day] thereafter) for the first 6 months, followed by open-label Humatrope for the next 12 months for all patients. The patients in these studies reported side effects less frequently than those with adult-onset GH deficiency. During the placebo-controlled phase (first 6 months) of the study, elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transferase were reported significantly more often for Humatrope-treated (12.5%) than placebo-treated patients (0.0%, p=0.031). No other events were reported significantly more often for Humatrope-treated patients during the placebo-controlled phase. The following events were reported for at least 5% of patients in either of the 2 treatment groups over the 18-month duration of the study, listed in descending order of maximum frequency for either group: aspartate aminotransferase increased 13%, headache 11%, edema 9%, pain 9%, alanine aminotransferase increased 6%, asthenia 6%, myalgia 6%, respiratory disorder 6%.
a Abbreviations: GH=Humatrope; N=number of patients receiving treatment in the period stated; n=number of patients reporting each treatment-emergent adverse event; ALT=alanine aminotransferase, formerly SGPT; AST=aspartate aminotransferase, formerly SGOT. | ||||
b p=0.03 as compared to placebo (6 months). | ||||
| Adverse Reaction | 18 Months Exposure [Placebo (6 Months)/GH (12 Months)] (N=35) | 18 Months GH Exposure (N=32) | ||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Flu syndrome | 8 | 22.9 | 5 | 15.6 |
| AST increasedb | 2 | 5.7 | 4 | 12.5 |
| Headache | 4 | 11.4 | 3 | 9.4 |
| Asthenia | 1 | 2.9 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Cough increased | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Edema | 3 | 8.6 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Hypesthesia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Myalgia | 2 | 5.7 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Pain | 3 | 8.6 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Rhinitis | 2 | 5.7 | 2 | 6.3 |
| ALT increased | 2 | 5.7 | 2 | 6.3 |
| Respiratory disorder | 2 | 5.7 | 1 | 3.1 |
| Gastritis | 2 | 5.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis | 5 | 14.3 | 1 | 3.1 |
Pregnancy Category C — Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Humatrope. It is not known whether Humatrope can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Humatrope should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Short-term — Acute overdosage could lead initially to hypoglycemia and subsequently to hyperglycemia.
Long-term — Long-term overdosage could result in signs and symptoms of gigantism or acromegaly consistent with the known effects of excess endogenous human GH.
Vial — Each vial of Humatrope contains 5 mg somatropin (15 IU or 225 nanomoles); 25 mg mannitol; 5 mg glycine; and 1.13 mg dibasic sodium phosphate. Each vial is supplied in a combination package with an accompanying 5-mL vial of diluting solution (diluent). The diluent contains Water for Injection with 0.3% metacresol as a preservative and 1.7% glycerin.
Cartridge — Cartridges of Humatrope contain either 6 mg (18 IU), 12 mg (36 IU), or 24 mg (72 IU) of somatropin. Each Humatrope cartridge contains the following:
| Cartridge | |||
| 6 mg (gold) | 12 mg (teal) | 24 mg (purple) | |
| Component | |||
| Somatropin | 6 mg | 12 mg | 24 mg |
| Mannitol | 18 mg | 36 mg | 72 mg |
| Glycine | 6 mg | 12 mg | 24 mg |
| Dibasic sodium phosphate | 1.36 mg | 2.72 mg | 5.43 mg |
Each cartridge is supplied in a combination package with an accompanying syringe containing approximately 3 mL of diluting solution (diluent). The diluent contains Water for Injection; 0.3% metacresol as a preservative; and 1.7%, 0.29%, and 0.29% glycerin in the 6, 12, and 24 mg cartridges, respectively.
Cell Growth — Total numbers of muscle cells are reduced in GH deficient children. Somatropin increases the number and size of muscle cells in such children.
Skeletal Growth — Somatropin stimulates skeletal growth in children with GH deficiency as a result of effects on the growth plates (epiphyses) of long bones. Concentrations of IGF-I, which play a role in skeletal growth, are low in the serum of GH deficient children but increase during somatropin treatment in most patients. The stimulation of skeletal growth increases linear growth rate (height velocity) in most somatropin-treated children.
Protein Metabolism — Linear growth is facilitated in part by increased cellular protein synthesis as reflected by nitrogen retention, which can be demonstrated by decreased urinary nitrogen excretion and serum urea nitrogen.
Connective Tissue Metabolism — Somatropin stimulates the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate and collagen, and increases the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline.
Carbohydrate Metabolism — GH has a physiological role in the maintenance of normoglycemia during times of substrate restriction (e.g., fasting), via mechanisms such as stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. Because of these actions GH is considered an insulin antagonist with respect to carbohydrate metabolism. Consequently, the fasting hypoglycemia that may occur in some children with hypopituitarism may be improved by somatropin treatment. As an extension of its physiological actions, supraphysiological GH concentrations may increase glucose production sufficiently to stimulate insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia. Large doses of somatropin may impair glucose tolerance if compensatory insulin secretion is inadequate. Administration of somatropin to healthy adults and patients with Turner syndrome resulted in increases in mean serum fasting and postprandial insulin concentrations, although mean values remained in the normal range. In addition, mean HbA1c concentrations and mean fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations remained in the normal range.
Lipid Metabolism — Somatropin stimulates intracellular lipolysis, and administration of somatropin leads to an increase in plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides. Untreated GH deficiency is associated with increased body fat stores, including increased abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Treatment of GH deficient patients with somatropin results in a general reduction of fat stores, and decreased serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
Mineral Metabolism — Administration of somatropin results in an increase in total body potassium and phosphorus and to a lesser extent sodium, probably as the result of cell growth. Serum concentrations of inorganic phosphate increase in somatropin-treated GH deficient children because of the metabolic activities associated with bone growth. Although urinary calcium excretion is increased, there is a simultaneous increase in calcium absorption from the intestine. Consequently, serum calcium concentrations generally are not altered, although negative calcium balance may occur occasionally during somatropin treatment. Associated with the changes in mineral metabolism, parathyroid hormone may increase during somatropin treatment.
Absorption — Humatrope has been studied following intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration in adult volunteers (see Figure 1). The absolute bioavailability of somatropin is 75% and 63% after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration, respectively.
Distribution — The volume of distribution of somatropin after intravenous injection is about 0.07 L/kg (Table 6).
Metabolism — Extensive metabolism studies have not been conducted. The metabolic fate of somatropin involves classical protein catabolism in both the liver and kidneys. In renal cells, at least a portion of the breakdown products of somatropin is returned to the systemic circulation. In healthy volunteers, mean somatropin clearance is 0.14 L/hr/kg. The mean half-life of intravenous somatropin is 0.36 hours, whereas subcutaneously and intramuscularly administered somatropin have mean half-lives of 3.8 and 4.9 hours, respectively. The longer half-life observed after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration is due to slow absorption from the injection site.
Excretion — Urinary excretion of intact Humatrope has not been measured. Small amounts of somatropin have been detected in the urine of pediatric patients following replacement therapy.
Geriatric patients — The pharmacokinetics of Humatrope have not been studied in patients greater than 65 years of age.
Pediatric patients — The pharmacokinetics of Humatrope in pediatric patients are similar to those of adults.
Gender — No gender-specific pharmacokinetic studies have been performed with Humatrope. The available literature indicates that the pharmacokinetics of somatropin are similar in men and women.
Race — No data are available.
Renal, hepatic insufficiency — No studies have been performed with Humatrope.
a Abbreviations: Cmax=maximum concentration; t1/2=half-life; AUC0-∞=area under the curve; Cls=systemic clearance; Vβ=volume distribution; iv=intravenous; SD=standard deviation; im=intramuscular; sc=subcutaneous. | |||||
b Based on previous International Standard of 2.7 IU=1 mg. | |||||
| Cmax (ng/mL) | t1/2 (hr) | AUC0-∞ (ng•hr/mL) | Cls (L/kg•hr) | Vβ (L/kg) | |
| 0.02 mg (0.05 IUb)/kg, iv Mean (SD) | 415 (75) | 0.363 (0.053) | 156 (33) | 0.135 (0.029) | 0.0703 (0.0173) |
| 0.1 mg (0.27 IUb)/kg, im Mean (SD) | 53.2 (25.9) | 4.93 (2.66) | 495 (106) | 0.215 (0.047) | 1.55 (0.91) |
| 0.1 mg (0.27 IUb)/kg, sc Mean (SD) | 63.3 (18.2) | 3.81 (1.40) | 585 (90) | 0.179 (0.028) | 0.957 (0.301) |
Vials
Before Reconstitution — Vials of Humatrope and Diluent for Humatrope are stable when refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Avoid freezing Diluent for Humatrope. Expiration dates are stated on the labels.
After Reconstitution — Vials of Humatrope are stable for up to 14 days when reconstituted with Diluent for Humatrope or Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP and refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Avoid freezing the reconstituted vial of Humatrope.
After Reconstitution with Sterile Water, USP — Use only one dose per Humatrope vial and discard the unused portion. If the solution is not used immediately, it must be refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) and used within 24 hours.
Cartridges
Before Reconstitution — Cartridges of Humatrope and Diluent for Humatrope are stable when refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Avoid freezing Diluent for Humatrope. Expiration dates are stated on the labels.
After Reconstitution — Cartridges of Humatrope are stable for up to 28 days when reconstituted with Diluent for Humatrope and refrigerated at 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Store the Humatrope injection device without the needle attached. Avoid freezing the reconstituted cartridge of Humatrope. Cartridges should be reconstituted only with the supplied diluent. Cartridges should not be reconstituted with the Diluent for Humatrope provided with Humatrope vials, or with any other solution.
See FDA-approved patient labeling.
Patients being treated with Humatrope (and/or their parents) should be informed about the potential benefits and risks associated with Humatrope treatment, and the contents of the Patient Information Insert should be reviewed. This information is intended to educate patients (and caregivers); it is not a disclosure of all possible intended or adverse effects.
Patients and caregivers who will administer Humatrope should receive appropriate training and instruction on the proper use of Humatrope from the physician or other suitably qualified health care professional. A puncture-resistant container for the disposal of used needles and syringes should be strongly recommended. Patients and/or parents should be thoroughly instructed in the importance of proper disposal, and cautioned against any reuse of needles and syringes. This information is intended to aid in the safe and effective administration of the medication.
Literature revised December 13, 2016
Marketed by: Lilly USA, LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
Copyright © 1987, 2016, Eli Lilly and Company. All rights reserved.
HTR-0003-USPI-20161213