Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
IRAKLIA (SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd vs intravenous isatuximab-irfc-Pd)
The efficacy and safety of SARCLISA ESCENA administered subcutaneously in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd) were evaluated in IRAKLIA (NCT05405166), a multicenter, multinational, randomized, open-label, 2-arm, phase 3 study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Patients had received at least one prior therapy including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0–2, platelets ≥50,000 cells/mm
3, absolute neutrophil count ≥1 × 10
9/L, creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m
2(MDRD formula), AST ≤3 × ULN, and ALT ≤3 × ULN.
Treatment was administered in both arms in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. In both treatment arms, isatuximab-irfc was administered weekly in the first cycle and every two weeks thereafter. Pomalidomide 4 mg was taken orally once daily from day 1 to day 21 of each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone orally 40 mg (20 mg for patients ≥75 years of age) was given on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 28-day cycle.
A total of 531 patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SARCLISA ESCENA 1,400 mg fixed dose as subcutaneous administration with OBDS device (SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd arm, 263 patients) or intravenous isatuximab-irfc as a 10 mg/kg intravenous infusion (intravenous isatuximab-irfc-Pd arm, 268 patients), in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone.
The median patient age was 66 years (range 31–86), 18% of patients were ≥75 years; 69% of patients were White, 21% Asian, and 4.1% Black or African American. The International Staging System (ISS) stage at study entry was I in 59%, II in 27% and III in 12% of patients. Overall, 21% of patients had high-risk chromosomal abnormalities at study entry; del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), and chromosomal 1q21 abnormality. The median weight was 72 kg (range: 36 to 161), with 32% of patients with a weight ≤65 kg, 44% with a weight >65 kg to ≤85 kg, and 24% with a weight >85 kg.
The median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 (range 1–8) and 30% of patients had received 1 prior line of therapy. All patients except 1 received a prior proteasome inhibitor and prior lenalidomide, and 56% of patients received prior stem cell transplantation. Patients were previously exposed to daratumumab, in 14% of patients in SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd arm vs 11% in intravenous isatuximab-irfc-Pd arm. The majority of patients (84%) were refractory to lenalidomide, 50% to a proteasome inhibitor, and 44% to both an immunomodulator and a proteasome inhibitor.
The major efficacy measures were ORR as assessed by an Independent Review Committee, based on central laboratory data for M-protein and central radiologic imaging review using the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria and the pharmacokinetic endpoint of C
troughat steady state (corresponding to predose at Cycle 6 Day 1)
[see
Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
The results show that SARCLISA ESCENA 1,400 mg administered subcutaneously in combination with Pd is non-inferior to intravenous isatuximab-irfc 10 mg/kg administered intravenously in combination with Pd in terms of ORR and C
troughat steady state
[see
Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Efficacy results are presented in Table 9.
Table 9
Cutoff date: 06 Nov 2024. Median follow-up time: 12 months.
: Efficacy of SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd versus Intravenous Isatuximab-irfc-Pd in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (IRAKLIA)
| SARCLISA ESCENA-Pd
(N=263)
| Intravenous isatuximab-irfc-Pd
(N=268)
|
|---|
| Randomization was stratified on body weight (<65 kg, >65–<85 kg, >85 kg), myeloma isotype (IgG versus non-IgG), and the number of prior lines of therapy (1–2 versus ≥3), by IRT. |
ORR (sCR, CR, VGPR or PR) n (%)
Evaluated by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) using the IMWG response criteria. | 187 (71.1%) | 189 (70.5%) |
| [95% CI]
Estimated using Clopper-Pearson method. | [65.2% to 76.5%] | [64.7% to 75.9%] |
| Relative risk [95% CI]
Estimated using Farrington-Manning method. | 1.008 [0.903 to 1.126] |
Stringent complete response (sCR) + Complete response (CR)
n (%)
| 47 (17.9%) | 55 (20.5%) |
Very good partial response (VGPR)
n (%)
| 75 (28.5%) | 68 (25.4%) |
Partial response (PR)
n (%)
| 65 (24.7%) | 66 (24.6%) |
IZALCO (SARCLISA ESCENA-Kd)
The efficacy and safety of SARCLISA ESCENA in combination with carfilzomib and dexamethasone were evaluated in IZALCO (NCT05704049), a multicenter, multinational, sequential, open-label, 2-arm, phase 2 clinical study in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. The study was conducted in 2 parts. Of the 74 patients enrolled, 66 patients were randomized in the part 2 of the study to receive SARCLISA ESCENA 1,400 mg fixed dose subcutaneously either with manual administration over 6 minutes (42 patients) from cycles 1 to 3 followed by administration with CirCLIQ OBDS from cycles 4 to 6 or with CirCLIQ OBDS (24 patients) from cycles 1 to 3 followed by manual administration over 6 minutes from cycles 4 to 6.
Patients had received one to three prior lines of therapy. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an ECOG status of 0–2, platelets ≥50,000 cells/mm
3, absolute neutrophil count ≥1 × 10
9/L, creatinine clearance ≥15 mL/min/1.73 m
2(MDRD formula), AST ≤3 × ULN, and ALT ≤3 × ULN.
SARCLISA ESCENA 1,400 mg fixed dose was administered subcutaneously with manual administration or with CirCLIQ device, weekly in the first cycle and every two weeks thereafter, for each 28-day cycle. Carfilzomib was administered as an IV infusion at the dose of 20 mg/m
2on days 1 and 2; 56 mg/m
2on days 8, 9, 15 and 16 of cycle 1; and at the dose of 56 mg/m
2on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 for subsequent cycles for each 28-day cycle. Dexamethasone (IV on the days of SARCLISA ESCENA and/or carfilzomib infusions, and PO on the other days) 20 mg was given on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22 and 23 for each 28-day cycle. A weekly schedule of carfilzomib at the maximum dose of 56 mg/m
2and dexamethasone on Day 1, 8, and 15 could also be considered.
A total of 74 patients received SARCLISA ESCENA in combination with carfilzomib and dexamethasone (SARCLISA ESCENA-Kd). Treatment was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
The median patient age was 65 years (range 44–85), 14% of patients were ≥75 years, 73% were White, 11% Black or African American. The proportion of patients with renal impairment (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m
2) was 20%. The International Staging System (ISS) stage at study entry was I in 57%, II in 32%, and III in 11% of patients. Overall, 16% of patients had high-risk chromosomal abnormalities at study entry. The median weight was 76 kg (range: 40 kg, 129 kg).
The median number of prior lines of therapy was 1 (range 1–5) with 55% of patients who received 1 prior line of therapy, 28% who received 2 prior lines of therapy, and 14% who received 3 prior lines of therapy. Overall, 96% of patients received prior proteasome inhibitors, 74% received prior immunomodulators (including 39% who received prior lenalidomide), and 55% received prior stem cell transplantation. Overall, 42% of patients were refractory to prior proteasome inhibitors, 46% were refractory to prior immunomodulators (including 30% refractory to lenalidomide), and 19% were refractory to both a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulator. Overall response rate (ORR) was the major efficacy outcome of IZALCO. The ORR by IRC was 79.7%. Efficacy results are presented in Table 10.
Table 10
Cut-off date of 08Nov2024. Median follow-up time=10 months.
: Efficacy of SARCLISA ESCENA-Kd in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (intent-to-treat analysis) (IZALCO)
| Endpoint | SARCLISA ESCENA-Kd
N=74
|
|---|
Overall Response Rate by IRC Responders (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR) n (%)
[95% CI]
Estimated using Clopper-Pearson method. | 59 (79.7%)
[68.8% – 88.2%]
|
| Stringent Complete Response (sCR) n (%) | 4 (5.4%) |
| Complete Response (CR) n (%) | 12 (16.2%) |
| Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) n (%) | 30 (40.5%) |
| Partial Response (PR) n (%) | 13 (17.6%) |
Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
ISASOCUT (SARCLISA ESCENA-VRd)
The efficacy and safety of SARCLISA ESCENA administered subcutaneously in combination with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone were evaluated in IsaSoCut (NCT05889221), a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, investigator-sponsored phase 2 clinical study in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status of 0 or 1, platelets ≥75,000 cells/mm
3, absolute neutrophil count ≥1 × 10
9/L, creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m
2(MDRD formula), AST ≤3 × ULN, and ALT ≤3 × ULN. Patients below the age of 65 years were excluded. A total of 74 patients received SARCLISA ESCENA subcutaneously in combination with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (SARCLISA ESCENA-VRd) administered during 12 cycles of 28-days for the induction period. Patients entered the continuous treatment period starting from cycle 13 and received SARCLISA ESCENA in combination with lenalidomide in 28-day cycles administered up to disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
During the induction period (cycle 1 to 12, 28-day cycles), SARCLISA ESCENA 1,400 mg fixed dose was administered subcutaneously with CirCLIQ device on days 1, 8, 15, 22 in the first cycle and on days 1, 15, from cycle 2 to 12. Bortezomib was administered subcutaneously at the dose of 1.3 mg/m
2on days 1, 4, 8, 11 in the first cycle and on days 1, 8, 15 from cycle 2 to 12. Lenalidomide was administered PO at the dose of 25 mg/day from day 1 to 21 of each cycle. Dexamethasone 20 mg/day PO or IV was given on days 1, 8, 15, 22 in the first cycle and on days 1, 8, 15, from cycle 2 to 12 of each cycle. During the continuous treatment period (from cycle 13, 28-day cycles), SARCLISA ESCENA was administered subcutaneously on day 1. Lenalidomide was administered PO at the dose of 25 mg/day from day 1 to 21 of each cycle.
The median patient age was 73 years (range 66–83), 34% of patients were ≥75 years. The proportion of patients with renal impairment (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m
2) was 23%. The International Staging System (ISS) stage at study entry was I in 34%, II in 47%, and III in 19% of patients. At study entry, 22% of patients had high-risk chromosomal abnormalities; del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16) and chromosomal 1q21 abnormalities. The median weight at baseline was 70 kg (range 44 to 115).
Efficacy results are presented in Table 11.
Table 11
Cut-off date of 13 Jan 2025. Median follow-up time=12 months.
: Efficacy of SARCLISA ESCENA-VRd in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (IsaSoCut)
| Endpoints
Assessment as per investigator, as per protocol. | SARCLISA ESCENA-VRd
N=74
|
|---|
Overall Response Rate Responders (sCR, CR, VGPR or PR) n (%)
[95% CI]
Estimated using Clopper-Pearson method. | 72 (97.3%)
[90.6% – 99.7%]
|
| Stringent Complete Response (sCR) n (%) | 5 (6.8%) |
| Complete Response (CR) n (%) | 13 (17.6%) |
| Very Good Partial Response (VGPR) n (%) | 47 (63.5%) |
| Partial Response (PR) n (%) | 7 (9.5%) |