Adverse reactions reported for greater than or equal to 20% of bosutinib patients with newly-diagnosed CML (N=268) were diarrhea (70%), nausea (35%), thrombocytopenia (35%), rash (34%), increased ALT (31%), abdominal pain (25%), and increased AST (23%) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Table 4 identifies adverse reactions greater than or equal to 10% for All Grades and Grades 3 or 4 (3/4) for the Phase 3 CP CML safety population.
In the randomized study in patients with newly-diagnosed CP CML, one patient in the group treated with BOSULIF experienced a Grade 3 QTc prolongation (>500 msec). Patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including QT interval prolongation were excluded by protocol.
Table 4 identifies the clinically relevant or severe Grade 3/4 laboratory test abnormalities for the Phase 3 newly-diagnosed CML safety population.
The single-arm clinical trial enrolled patients with Ph+ CP, AP, or BP CML and with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The safety population (received at least 1 dose of BOSULIF) included 546 CML patients:
- two hundred eighty-four (284) patients with CP CML previously treated with imatinib only who had a median duration of BOSULIF treatment of 26 months, and a median dose intensity of 442 mg/day.
- one hundred nineteen (119) patients with CP CML previously treated with both imatinib and at least 1 additional TKI who had a median duration of BOSULIF treatment of 9 months and a median dose intensity of 442 mg/day.
- one hundred forty-three (143) patients with advanced phase CML including 79 patients with AP CML and 64 patients with BP CML. In the patients with AP CML and BP CML, the median duration of BOSULIF treatment was 10 months and 3 months, respectively. The median dose intensity was 425 mg/day, and 456 mg/day, in the AP CML and BP CML cohorts, respectively.
Adverse reactions of any toxicity grade reported for greater than or equal to 20% of patients in the safety population of the single-arm trial in patients with CP CML (N=546) who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy were diarrhea (85%), nausea (47%), abdominal pain (42%), rash (42%), thrombocytopenia (40%), vomiting (37%), anemia (27%), fatigue (26%), pyrexia (23%), cough (22%), headache (21%), ALT (20%), and edema (20%) [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Table 6 identifies adverse reactions greater than or equal to 10% for All Grades and Grades 3 or 4 for the Phase 1/2 CML safety population based on long-term follow-up.
Table 6: Adverse Reactions (10% or Greater) in Patients With CML Who Were Resistant or Intolerant to Prior Therapy in Single-Arm TrialBased on a Minimum of 48 Months of Follow-up.
| Chronic Phase CML N=403 | Advanced Phase CML N=143 |
|---|
| All Grades (%) | Grade 3/4 (%) | All Grades (%) | Grade 3/4 (%) |
|---|
| Abbreviations: CML=chronic myelogenous leukemia; N=number of patients. |
| Advanced Phase CML includes patients with Accelerated Phase and Blast Phase CML. |
| Diarrhea | 85 | 9 | 76 | 4 |
| Nausea | 47 | 1 | 48 | 2 |
| Abdominal Pain Abdominal pain includes the following preferred terms: Abdominal discomfort, Abdominal pain, Abdominal pain lower, Abdominal pain upper, Abdominal tenderness, Gastrointestinal pain | 42 | 2 | 31 | 6 |
| Rash Rash includes the following preferred terms: Acne, Dermatitis, Dermatitis acneiform, Dermatitis allergic, Drug eruption, Exfoliative rash, Photosensitivity reaction, Rash, Rash erythematous, Rash generalised, Rash macular, Rash maculo-papular, Rash papular, Rash pruritic, Urticaria | 42 | 9 | 38 | 5 |
| Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia includes the following preferred terms: Platelet count decreased, Thrombocytopenia | 40 | 26 | 45 | 39 |
| Vomiting | 37 | 3 | 43 | 3 |
| Anemia Anemia includes the following preferred terms: Anemia, Hemoglobin decreased. | 27 | 11 | 38 | 27 |
| Fatigue Fatigue includes the following preferred terms: Fatigue, Malaise. | 26 | 2 | 21 | 5 |
| Pyrexia | 23 | <1 | 37 | 2 |
| Cough | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Headache | 21 | <1 | 17 | 4 |
| Alanine aminotransferase increased | 20 | 8 | 10 | 5 |
| Neutropenia Neutropenia includes the following preferred terms: Neutropenia, Neutrophil count decreased | 18 | 12 | 22 | 20 |
| Arthralgia | 17 | <1 | 14 | 0 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase increased | 16 | 3 | 11 | 3 |
| Edema Edema includes the following preferred terms containing: Edema, Edema peripheral, Face edema, Localized edema. | 20 | 1 | 17 | 2 |
| Respiratory tract infection Respiratory tract infection includes the following preferred terms: Lower respiratory tract infection, Respiratory tract infection, Respiratory tract infection viral, Upper respiratory tract infection, Viral upper respiratory tract infection. | 15 | <1 | 10 | 0 |
| Decreased appetite | 14 | <1 | 13 | 0 |
| Back pain | 13 | <1 | 8 | 1 |
| Nasopharyngitis | 13 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Asthenia | 13 | 2 | 10 | <1 |
| Pleural effusion | 12 | 4 | 9 | 4 |
| Dyspnea | 12 | 2 | 20 | 6 |
| Pruritus | 12 | <1 | 7 | 0 |
| Dizziness | 11 | 0 | 13 | <1 |
| Leukopenia Leukopenia includes the following preferred terms: Leukopenia, White blood cell count decreased. | 10 | 4 | 15 | 12 |
| Blood creatinine increased | 10 | <1 | 6 | <1 |
| Influenza | 10 | <1 | 3 | 0 |
| Chest pain Chest pain included the following preferred terms: Chest discomfort, Chest pain. | 7 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
In the single-arm study in patients with CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy, 1 patient (0.2%) experienced QTcF interval of greater than 500 milliseconds. Patients with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease including QT interval prolongation were excluded by protocol.
Table 7 identifies the clinically relevant or severe Grade 3/4 laboratory test abnormalities for the safety population of the study in patients with CML who were resistant or intolerant to prior therapy based on long-term follow-up.
Table 7: Number (%) of Patients With Clinically Relevant or Grade 3/4 Laboratory Test Abnormalities in the Safety Population of the Study of Patients With CML Who Were Resistant or Intolerant to Prior TherapyBased on a Minimum of 48 Months of Follow-up.
| Chronic Phase (CP) CML N=403 n (%) | Advanced Phase (AdvP) CML N=143 n (%) | All CP and AdvP CML N=546 n (%) |
|---|
| Abbreviations: ALT=alanine aminotransferase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; CML=chronic myelogenous leukemia; N/n=number of patients; SGPT=serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; SGOT=serum glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase; ULN=upper limit of normal. |
| Hematology Parameters |
| Platelet Count (Low) less than 50×109/L | 105 (26) | 82 (57) | 187 (34) |
| Absolute Neutrophil Count less than 1×109/L | 65 (16) | 55 (39) | 120 (22) |
| Hemoglobin (Low) less than 80 g/L | 51 (13) | 54 (38) | 105 (19) |
| |
| Biochemistry Parameters |
| SGPT/ALT greater than 5.0×ULN | 43 (11) | 8 (6) | 51 (9) |
| SGOT/AST greater than 5.0×ULN | 19 (5) | 5 (4) | 24 (4) |
| Lipase greater than 2×ULN | 42 (10) | 9 (6) | 51 (9) |
| Phosphorus (Low) less than 0.6 mmol/L | 30 (7) | 10 (7) | 40 (7) |
| Total Bilirubin greater than 3.0×ULN | 3 (1) | 4 (3) | 7 (1) |
Additional Adverse Reactions From Multiple Clinical Trials
The following adverse reactions were reported in patients in clinical trials with BOSULIF (less than 10% of BOSULIF-treated patients). They represent an evaluation of the adverse reaction data from all 1272 patients with leukemia who received at least 1 dose of single-agent BOSULIF. These adverse reactions are presented by system organ class and are ranked by frequency. These adverse reactions are included based on clinical relevance and ranked in order of decreasing seriousness within each category.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: less than 0.01% - Febrile neutropenia, Granulocytopenia
Cardiac Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Pericardial effusion; 0.1% and less than 1% - Pericarditis
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Tinnitus
Vascular Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Hypertension
Gastrointestinal Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Gastritis; 0.1% and less than 1% - Pancreatitis (includes Pancreatitis, Pancreatitis acute), Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (includes Anal hemorrhage, Gastric hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Intestinal hemorrhage, Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, Rectal hemorrhage)
General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: 1% and less than 10% - Pain
Hepatobiliary Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Hepatotoxicity (includes Hepatotoxicity, Hepatitis, Hepatitis toxic, Liver disorder), Hepatic function abnormal (includes Hepatic function abnormal, Liver function test abnormal, Transaminases increased); 0.1% and less than 1% - Liver injury (includes Liver injury, Drug-induced liver injury)
Immune System Disorders: 0.1% and less than 1% - Anaphylactic shock, Drug hypersensitivity
Infections and Infestations: 1% and less than 10% - pneumonia (includes pneumonia, atypical pneumonia), influenza, bronchitis
Investigations: 1% and less than 10% - Electrocardiogram QT prolonged (includes Electrocardiogram QT prolonged, Long QT syndrome), Blood bilirubin increased (includes Blood bilirubin increased, Hyperbilirubinaemia), Blood creatine phosphokinase increased, Amylase increased, GGT increased
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Hypophosphatemia (includes Hypophosphatemia, Blood phosphorus decreased), Hyperkalemia (includes Hyperkalemia, Blood potassium increased), Dehydration
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Myalgia
Nervous System Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Dysgeusia
Renal and Urinary Disorders: 1% and less than 10% - Acute kidney injury, Renal impairment, Acute renal failure, Renal failure
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: 0.1% and less than 1% - Acute pulmonary edema, Respiratory failure, Pulmonary hypertension
Skin and Subcutaneous Disorders: 0.1% and less than 1% - Erythema multiforme
Strong or Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors
Concomitant use with a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor increased bosutinib Cmax and AUC compared to BOSULIF alone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] which may increase the risk of toxicities. Avoid the concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors with BOSULIF.
Strong CYP3A Inducers
Concomitant use with a strong CYP3A inducer decreased bosutinib Cmax and AUC compared to BOSULIF alone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] which may reduce BOSULIF efficacy. Avoid the concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers with BOSULIF.
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)
Concomitant use with a PPI decreased bosutinib Cmax and AUC compared to BOSULIF alone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] which may reduce BOSULIF efficacy. As an alternative to PPIs, use short-acting antacids or H2 blockers and separate dosing by more than 2 hours from BOSULIF dosing.
Risk Summary
Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, BOSULIF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].
There are no available data in pregnant women to inform the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies conducted in rats and rabbits, oral administration of bosutinib caused adverse developmental outcomes. Administration of bosutinib to rats prior to fertilization until gestation day (GD) 7 caused increased embryonic resorptions at maternal exposures (AUC) approximately 0.5 and 0.4 times the human exposure at the recommended doses of 400 and 500 mg/day, respectively, and decreased implantations and reduced number of viable embryos at maternal exposures approximately 1.8 and 1.3 times the human exposure at the recommended doses of 400 or 500 mg/day, respectively. Administration of bosutinib to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis caused adverse developmental outcomes including fetal anomalies and reduced fetal body weights at maternal exposures (AUC) approximately 2.3 and 1.7 times the human exposure at the recommended doses of 400 or 500 mg/day, respectively (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
In a rat fertility and early embryonic development study, bosutinib was administered orally to female rats for approximately 3 to 6 weeks, depending on day of mating (2 weeks prior to cohabitation with untreated breeder males until gestation day [GD] 7). Increased embryonic resorptions occurred at greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg/day of bosutinib (0.5 and 0.4 times the human exposure at the recommended doses of 400 and 500 mg/day, respectively), and decreased implantations and reduced number of viable embryos at 30 mg/kg/day of bosutinib (1.8 and 1.3 times the human exposure at the recommended doses of 400 or 500 mg/day, respectively).
Fetal exposure to bosutinib-derived radioactivity during pregnancy was demonstrated in a placental-transfer study in pregnant rats. In a separate study, bosutinib was administered orally to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis at doses of 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg/day. This study did not expose pregnant rats to enough bosutinib to fully evaluate adverse outcomes.
In an embryo-fetal development study conducted in rabbits, bosutinib was administered orally to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day. At the maternally-toxic dose of 30 mg/kg/day of bosutinib, there were fetal anomalies (fused sternebrae, and 2 fetuses had various visceral observations), and an approximate 6% decrease in fetal body weight. The dose of 30 mg/kg/day resulted in exposures (AUC) approximately 2.3 and 1.7 times the human exposures at the recommended doses of 400 and 500 mg/day, respectively.
Risk Summary
No data are available regarding the presence of bosutinib or its metabolites in human milk or its effects on a breastfed child or on milk production. However, bosutinib is present in the milk of lactating rats. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a nursing child, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with BOSULIF and for at least 1 month after the last dose.
Animal Data
After a single radiolabeled bosutinib dose to lactating rats, radioactivity was present in the plasma of suckling offspring for 24 to 48 hours.
Pregnancy
Based on findings from animal studies, BOSULIF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Females of reproductive potential should have a pregnancy test prior to starting treatment with BOSULIF.
Contraception
Females
Based on findings from animal studies, BOSULIF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1% pregnancy rates) during treatment with BOSULIF and for at least 1 month after the last dose.
Infertility
The risk of infertility in females or males of reproductive potential has not been studied in humans. Based on findings from animal studies, BOSULIF may cause reduced fertility in females and males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
Cardiac Electrophysiology
At a single oral dose of 500 mg BOSULIF with ketoconazole (a strong CYP3A inhibitor), BOSULIF does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent.
Absorption
Following administration of a single oral dose of BOSULIF 500 mg with food in patients with CML, the median (minimum, maximum) time-to-peak concentration (tmax) was 6.0 (6.0, 6.0) hours. The absolute bioavailability was 34% in healthy subjects.
Effect of Food
When given with a high fat meal in healthy subjects, oral bosutinib Cmax increased 1.8-fold and AUC increased 1.7-fold. The high-fat meal (800–1000 total calories) consisted of approximately 150 protein calories, 250 carbohydrate calories, and 500–600 fat calories.
Distribution
Following a single intravenous dose of bosutinib 120 mg (0.2 times the maximum approved recommended oral dosage of 600 mg) in healthy subjects, bosutinib had a mean (SD) volume of distribution of 2441 (796) L. The mean (SD) apparent volume of distribution after an oral dose of 500 mg of BOSULIF to patients with CML was 6080 (1230) L. Protein binding of bosutinib is 94% in vitro and 96% ex vivo, and is independent of concentration.
Elimination
Following a single intravenous dose of bosutinib 120 mg (0.2 times the maximum approved recommended oral dosage of 600 mg), the mean (SD) terminal phase elimination half-life (t½) was 35.5 (8.5) hours, and the mean (SD) clearance (Cl) was 63.6 (14.1) L/h. Following a single oral dose of BOSULIF in patients with CML, the mean (SD) t½ was 22.5 (1.7) hours, and the mean (SD) Cl was 189 (48) L/h.
Metabolism
Bosutinib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4.
Excretion
Following a single oral dose of [14C] radiolabeled bosutinib without food, 91.3% of the dose was recovered in feces and 3.3% of the dose recovered in urine.
Specific Populations
Patients with Renal Impairment
Following a single oral dose of BOSULIF 200 mg (0.33 times the maximum approved recommended dosage of 600 mg), bosutinib AUC increased 1.4-fold in subjects with moderate renal impairment (CLcr: 30 to 50 mL/min, estimated by Cockcroft-Gault (C-G)) and increased 1.6-fold in subjects with severe renal impairment (CLcr less than 30 mL/min) compared to subjects with normal renal function (CLcr > 80 mL/min, C-G). No clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of bosutinib was observed in subjects with mild renal impairment (CLcr: 51 to 80 mL/min, C-G).
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Following a single oral dose of BOSULIF 200 mg (0.33 times the maximum approved recommended dosage of 600 mg), bosutinib Cmax increased 2.4-fold, 2-fold, and 1.5-fold, and AUC increased 2.3-fold, 2-fold, and 1.9-fold in hepatic impairment Child-Pugh A, B, and C, respectively.
Drug Interaction Studies
Clinical Studies
The following interactions were evaluated in crossover studies of healthy subjects, unless otherwise specified.
Strong and Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors
A single oral dose of BOSULIF 100 mg (0.17 times the maximum approved recommended dosage) was administered alone or following multiple daily doses of 400 mg ketoconazole (a strong CYP3A inhibitor) without food. Ketoconazole increased bosutinib Cmax and AUC 5.2-fold and 8.6-fold, respectively.
A single oral dose of BOSULIF 500 mg was administered alone or in combination with 125 mg aprepitant (a moderate CYP3A inhibitor) with food. Aprepitant increased bosutinib Cmax 1.5-fold and AUC 2.0-fold.
Strong CYP3A Inducers
A single dose of BOSULIF 500 mg was administered alone or following multiple daily doses of 600 mg rifampin with food. Rifampin decreased bosutinib Cmax by 86% and AUC by 94%.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
BOSULIF displays pH-dependent aqueous solubility, in vitro. A single oral dose of BOSULIF 400 mg was administered alone or following multiple oral doses of lansoprazole 60 mg without food. Lansoprazole decreased bosutinib Cmax by 46% and AUC by 26%.
P-gp Substrates
A single oral dose of 500 mg BOSULIF was administered in combination with a single oral dose of 150 mg dabigatran etexilate mesylate (a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate). No clinically significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran was observed following bosutinib administration.
In Vitro Studies
Bosutinib Effect on Transporters
Bosutinib may have the potential to inhibit breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in the gastrointestinal tract but has a low potential to inhibit BCRP, systemically, or organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, organic cation transporter (OCT)1, and OCT2 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- Dosing and Administration
Instruct patients to take BOSULIF exactly as prescribed, not to change their dose or to stop taking BOSULIF unless they are told to do so by their doctor. If patients miss a dose beyond 12 hours, they should be advised to take the next scheduled dose at its regular time. A double dose should not be taken to make up for any missed dose. Advise patients to take BOSULIF with food. Patients should be advised: "Do not crush, break, or cut tablet. Do not touch or handle crushed or broken tablets."
- Gastrointestinal Problems
Advise patients that they may experience diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or blood in their stools with BOSULIF and to seek medical attention promptly for these symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- Low Blood Cell Counts
Advise patients of the possibility of developing low blood cell counts and to immediately report fever, any suggestion of infection, or signs or symptoms suggestive of bleeding or easy bruising [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- Liver Problems
Advise patients of the possibility of developing liver function abnormalities and to immediately report jaundice [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
- Fluid Retention
Advise patients of the possibility of developing fluid retention (swelling, weight gain, or shortness of breath) and to seek medical attention promptly if these symptoms arise [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
- Renal Problems
Advise patients of the possibility of developing renal problems and to immediately report frequent urination, polyuria or oliguria [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
- Other Adverse Reactions
Advise patients that they may experience other adverse reactions such as respiratory tract infections, rash, fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, dizziness, back pain, arthralgia, or pruritus with BOSULIF and to seek medical attention if symptoms are significant. There is a possibility of anaphylactic shock [see Contraindications (4) and Adverse Reactions (6)].
- Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Advise females to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or become pregnant. Inform female patients of the risk to a fetus and potential loss of the pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Advise females of reproductive potential, to use effective contraception during treatment and for 1 month after receiving the last dose of BOSULIF [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Advise lactating women not to breastfeed during treatment with BOSULIF and for at least 1 month after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
- Drug Interactions
Advise patients that BOSULIF and certain other medicines, including over the counter medications or herbal supplements (such as St. John's wort) can interact with each other and may alter the effects of BOSULIF [see Drug Interactions (7)].
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