Following administration of remibrutinib 25 mg twice daily, the mean (standard deviation) Cmax is 57 (27) ng/mL and AUClast is 193 (136) ng*h/mL at steady state. Remibrutinib Cmax and AUC increase in a dose-proportional manner between 0.4 to 4 times the recommended dosage. Following administration of multiple doses of 25 mg twice daily, Cmax increases 1.6-fold and AUC0-4 increases 2.7-fold.
No clinically significant differences in remibrutinib pharmacokinetics were observed between healthy subjects and patients with CSU.
Absorption
Remibrutinib median (min, max) time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 1 hour (0, 4 hours) at steady state.
Effect of food
No clinically significant differences in remibrutinib pharmacokinetics were observed following administration of a high-fat meal (1000 calories, 50% fat).
Distribution
Remibrutinib blood-to-plasma ratio is 0.813 in vitro. Plasma protein binding is 95.4% and is not concentration-dependent in vitro. The estimated remibrutinib steady state apparent (oral) volume of distribution is 1238 L.
Elimination
Remibrutinib estimated elimination half-life is 1 to 2 hours with an apparent (oral) clearance of 160 L/hr.
Metabolism
Remibrutinib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4.
Excretion
Following IV administration of 14C remibrutinib to healthy subjects, 70% of the total radioactivity was recovered in feces (0% as unchanged remibrutinib), and 30% was recovered in urine (2.9% as unchanged remibrutinib).
Specific Populations
No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of remibrutinib were observed based on age (range: 18 to 80 years), sex (63.5% females and 36.5% males), race/ethnicity (59.3% Non-Asian [White, Black, and Others], 8.8% Mainland Chinese, 12.2% Japanese, and 19.7% other Asian), body weight (range: 39 to 162 kg), and mild (eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2, estimated by Cockcroft-Gault), moderate (eGFR 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2) or severe (eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2) renal impairment.
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
The pharmacokinetics of remibrutinib were evaluated in subjects with mild (Child-Pugh Class A), moderate (Child-Pugh Class B), and severe (Child-Pugh Class C) hepatic impairment following administration of 25 mg twice daily. Relative to patients with normal hepatic function, remibrutinib AUC increased 2.33-fold and Cmax increased 1.85-fold in patients with mild hepatic impairment, AUC increased 2.3-fold and Cmax increased 1.65-fold in patients with moderate hepatic impairment, and AUC increased 3.49-fold and Cmax increased 1.99-fold in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Special Populations (8.6)].
Drug Interaction Studies
Clinical Studies and Model-Informed Approaches
Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Remibrutinib Cmax increased by 3.3-fold and AUC increased by 4.3-fold following concomitant administration with ritonavir (a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) 100 mg twice daily for 4 days [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Remibrutinib Cmax increased by 1.24-fold and AUC increased by 1.3-fold when co-administered with grapefruit juice.
Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Remibrutinib Cmax is predicted to increase by approximately 1.9-fold and AUC is predicted to increase by approximately 2.3-fold following concomitant administration with erythromycin (a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor) 500 mg four times a day for 7 days [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Remibrutinib Cmax decreased by 74% and AUC decreased by approximately 77% following concomitant administration with carbamazepine (a strong CYP3A4 inducer) 300 mg twice daily for 14 days [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Moderate CYP3A4 Inducers: Remibrutinib Cmax is predicted to decrease by approximately 60% and AUC is predicted to decrease by approximately 64% following concomitant administration with efavirenz (a moderate CYP3A4 inducer) 600 mg once daily for 14 days [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
P-gp Substrates: Co-administration of remibrutinib at four times the recommended dosage with a single dose of 0.25 mg digoxin (a P-gp substrate) increased digoxin Cmax by 2.1-fold and AUC by 1.4-fold [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
BCRP Substrates: Co-administration of remibrutinib at four times the recommended dosage with a single dose of 10 mg rosuvastatin (a BCRP and OATP1B substrate) increased rosuvastatin Cmax by 1.6-fold and AUC by 1.7-fold.
Other Drugs: No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of the following drugs were observed when used concomitantly with remibrutinib: oral midazolam (CYP3A4 substrate), oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (CYP3A4 substrate), tolbutamide (CYP2C9 substrate), caffeine (CYP1A2 substrate), and coproporphyrin I (an endogenous OATP1B substrate).
In Vitro Studies
CYP450 Enzymes: Remibrutinib is a CYP3A4 substrate. Remibrutinib inhibits CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5. Remibrutinib induces CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4/5.
Transporter Systems: In vitro, remibrutinib is a P-gp substrate. Remibrutinib inhibits P-gp, BCRP, BSEP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2 and MATE1.