The efficacy of ARTISS was evaluated in four clinical studies, Study 1 (NCT00161759), Study 2 (NCT00157131), Study 3 (NCT00708071), and Study 4 (NCT00999141), as described below.
Study 1 Burns (grafts)
The safety and efficacy of ARTISS compared to staples for wound healing through surgical closure was investigated in 40 patients in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, comparative feasibility study.
The primary objective was to compare ARTISS to the current standard of care (staples) when used to adhere autologous skin grafts to surgically prepared wound beds resulting from burns.
The mean (SD) volume of ARTISS applied was 2.9 (1.64) mL. Postoperative follow-up was planned for one year, with an initial 3-month assessment period, followed by long-term cosmetic evaluations up to 12 months.
The population demographics include: mean age was 31 years (range: 6 to 55 years), 29 patients (73%) were male.
The adherence of skin grafts on ARTISS -treated sites was rated as excellent or good in 97.5% of the 40 subjects treated on Day 0.
The median percent area of hematoma and seroma formation on Day 1 was significantly lower for ARTISS-treated sites (0.0%) compared to stapled sites (2.1%) (p = 0.0138).
Investigators reported similar clinical impressions of pigmentation, vascularization, and pliability for both treatments, with normal pigmentation observed in a comparable proportion of subjects over time.
No statistically significant differences were found between ARTISS-treated sites and stapled sites regarding keloid formation and hypertrophic scarring at the 6, 9, or 12-month evaluations.
Wound closure by Day 28 was achieved in 79.5% of ARTISS-treated sites and 59.0% of the stapled test sites, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0215).
Study 2 Burns (grafts)
ARTISS was investigated for adherence of split thickness sheet skin grafts in burn patients in a prospective, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded, multicenter clinical trials. In each of the 138 patients, two comparable test sites were identified after burn wound excision. Skin grafts were adhered at one test site using ARTISS, and at the other test site using staples (control). The study product was applied once to the wound bed of the allocated test site during skin grafting surgery. The mean (SD) volume of ARTISS applied was 2.9 (1.9) mL.
The population demographics include: mean age was 31 years (range: 1 to 63 years), 94 patients (68%) were male.
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) estimated total body surface area (TBSA) for all burn wounds was 13.6 ± 9.2%. The mean ± SD estimated TBSA requiring skin grafting was 8.0 ± 6.9%. The mean ± SD estimated TBSA for ARTISS test sites was 1.7 ± 0.8% and for the stapled test sites was 1.7 ± 0.7%. Burn wound thickness was classified as full thickness in 106 (76.8%) of the 138 treated subjects, and partial thickness in 32 (23.2%) subjects.
The safety population contained all 138 treated subjects; however, 11 subjects did not have an available primary endpoint assessment, leaving a modified intent-to-treat (ITT) set of 127 patients. Complete wound closure by Day 28 was achieved in 43.3% of the ARTISS test sites and 37.0% of the stapled test sites in the 127 ITT patients. Wound closure at Day 28 was complete at 72% of the ARTISS and staples test sites for the 1-6 years old group (N=18), at 32% of the ARTISS test sites and 26% of the staples test sites for the 7-18 years old group (N=19) and at 40% of the ARTISS test sites and 32% of the staples test sites for the greater then 18 years old group [ITT]. The lower limit of the 97.5% confidence interval of the difference between ARTISS and staples was -0.029. A similar result was obtained in the per protocol (PP) population: complete wound closure by Day 28 was achieved in 45.3% of the ARTISS test sites and 39.6% of the stapled test sites in the 106 PP patients. The lower limit of the 97.5% confidence interval of the difference between ARTISS and staples was -0.041. Therefore, ARTISS was found to be non-inferior to staples in the ITT and PP populations at the 97.5% one-sided level for complete wound closure by Day 28 because the lower limit of the confidence interval of the difference between ARTISS and staples success rates was greater than the predefined limit of -0.1.
Study 3 and Study 4 Facial Rhytidectomy (flaps)
ARTISS was investigated for adherence of skin flaps in facial rhytidectomy surgeries during two prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trials. Both Study 3, investigating 45 subjects and Study 4, with 75 subjects had a split-face design in which 1 side of the face was treated with ARTISS as an adjunct to the standard of care (SoC) and the other side received SoC only, which was closure of the flap by means of staples and suturing only; therefore each subject participated in both arms (ARTISS and SoC).
For both studies, the primary endpoint was the total drainage volume collected from each side of the face at 24 h (±4 h) post surgery. The secondary endpoints were occurrence of hematoma and seroma on each side of the face, comparison of edema between the 2 sides of the face, changes in skin sensitivity from baseline on each side of the face and subject preference.
In both studies, a standardized drain was placed in each side of the face prior to the flap closure and drainage volume from both sides of the face from all subjects was compared. Pressure dressings were not allowed.
The population demographics include: For Study 3, mean age was 55 years (range: 43 to 70 years) and 42 patients (93%) were female. For Study 4, mean age was 54 years (range: 40 to 71 years) and 71 patients (95%) were female.
The results for the primary endpoint are presented in Table 6 below.
Table 6: Drainage Volume Comparison at 24 h Post Operative Clinical Trial | Mean ± SD Drainage (mL) ARTISS Side of the Face | Mean ± SD Drainage (mL) SoC Side of the Face | p-Value |
Study 3 | 11.5 ± 13.7 | 26.8 ± 24.0 | < 0.0001 |
Study 4 | 7.7 ± 7.4 | 20.0 ± 11.3 | <0.0001 |
A statistically significant difference in drainage volumes was observed, favoring the side of the face treated with ARTISS.
An integrated analysis of the occurrence of hematoma/seroma in all 120 subjects across the two studies was performed. A comparison of the proportion of subjects experiencing a hematoma/seroma exclusively on the ARTISS-treated side or on the SoC side of the face is presented in Table 7 below.
Table 7: Occurrence of Hematoma/SeromaClinical Trial | ARTISS n (%) | SoC n (%) | Both Sides of Face n (%) | Total n (%) |
Study 3 | 0 | 9 (20%) | 0 | 9 (20%) |
Study 4 | 2 (2.7%) | 5 (6.7%) | 3 (4%) | 10 (13.3%) |