FDA Label for Lenalidomide

Warning: Embryo-Fetal Toxicity, Hematologic Toxicity, And Venous And Arterial Thromboembolism

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Do not use lenalidomide capsules during pregnancy. Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, caused limb abnormalities in a developmental monkey study. Thalidomide is a known human teratogen that causes severe life-threatening human birth defects. If lenalidomide is used during pregnancy, it may cause birth defects or embryo-fetal death. In females of reproductive potential, obtain 2 negative pregnancy tests before starting lenalidomide capsule treatment. Females of reproductive potential must use 2 forms of contraception or continuously abstain from heterosexual sex during and for 4 weeks after lenalidomide capsule treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Medication Guide (17)]. To avoid embryo-fetal exposure to lenalidomide, lenalidomide capsules are only available through a restricted distribution program, the Lenalidomide REMS program (5.2).

Information about the Lenalidomide REMS program is available at www.lenalidomiderems.com or by calling the toll-free number 1-888-423-5436.

Hematologic Toxicity (Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia): Lenalidomide capsules can cause significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Eighty percent of patients with del 5q myelodysplastic syndromes had to have a dose delay/reduction during the major study. Thirty-four percent of patients had to have a second dose delay/reduction. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 80% of patients enrolled in the study. Patients on therapy for del 5q myelodysplastic syndromes should have their complete blood counts monitored weekly for the first 8 weeks of therapy and at least monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or reduction. Patients may require use of blood product support and/or growth factors [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism: Lenalidomide capsules have demonstrated a significantly increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), as well as risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with multiple myeloma who were treated with lenalidomide capsules and dexamethasone therapy. Monitor for and advise patients about signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care if they develop symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, or arm or leg swelling. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended and the choice of regimen should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

1.1 Multiple Myeloma

Lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Lenalidomide capsules are indicated as maintenance therapy in adult patients with MM following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).

1.2 Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) associated with a deletion 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities.

1.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Lenalidomide capsules are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) whose disease has relapsed or progressed after two prior therapies, one of which included bortezomib.

1.4 Follicular Lymphoma

Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated follicular lymphoma (FL).

1.5 Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Lenalidomide capsules in combination with a rituximab product, are indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously treated marginal zone lymphoma (MZL).

1.6 Limitations Of Use

Lenalidomide capsules are not indicated and are not recommended for the treatment of patients with CLL outside of controlled clinical trials [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Lenalidomide Capsule Combination Therapy

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 25 mg orally once daily on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles in combination with dexamethasone. Refer to Section 14.1 for specific dexamethasone dosing. For patients greater than 75 years old, the starting dose of dexamethasone may be reduced [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

In patients who are not eligible for auto-HSCT, treatment should continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. For patients who are auto-HSCT-eligible, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization should occur within 4 cycles of a lenalidomide capsule-containing therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)].

Dose Adjustments For Hematologic Toxicities During Mm Treatment

Dose modification guidelines, as summarized in Table 1 below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.

Dose modification guidelines, as summarized in Table 2 below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.

Lenalidomide Capsule Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-Hsct

Following auto-HSCT, initiate lenalidomide capsule maintenance therapy after adequate hematologic recovery (ANC at least 1,000/mcL and/or platelet counts at least 75,000/mcL). The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 10 mg once daily continuously (Days 1-28 of repeated 28-day cycles) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After 3 cycles of maintenance therapy, the dose can be increased to 15 mg once daily if tolerated.

2.2 Recommended Dosage For Myelodysplastic Syndromes

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 10 mg daily. Treatment is continued or modified based upon clinical and laboratory findings. Continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Dose Adjustments For Hematologic Toxicities During Mds Treatment

Patients who are dosed initially at 10 mg and who experience thrombocytopenia should have their dosage adjusted as follows:

Platelet Counts

If thrombocytopenia develops WITHIN 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS:

If thrombocytopenia develops AFTER 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS:

Patients who experience thrombocytopenia at 5 mg daily should have their dosage adjusted as follows:

If thrombocytopenia develops during treatment at 5 mg daily in MDS:

Patients who are dosed initially at 10 mg and experience neutropenia should have their dosage adjusted as follows:

Thrombocytopenia during treatment in MCL:

Thrombocytopenia during treatment in FL or MZL:

Absolute Neutrophil Counts (Anc)

If neutropenia develops WITHIN 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS:

If neutropenia develops AFTER 4 weeks of starting treatment at 10 mg daily in MDS:

Patients who experience neutropenia at 5 mg daily should have their dosage adjusted as follows:

If neutropenia develops during treatment at 5 mg daily in MDS:

Neutropenia during treatment in MCL:

Neutropenia during treatment in FL or MZL:

2.3 Recommended Dosage For Mantle Cell Lymphoma

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 25 mg/day orally on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Treatment should be continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Treatment is continued, modified or discontinued based upon clinical and laboratory findings.

Dose Adjustments For Hematologic Toxicities During Mcl Treatment

Dose modification guidelines as summarized below are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicities considered to be related to lenalidomide capsules.

2.4 Recommended Dosage For Follicular Lymphoma Or Marginal Zone Lymphoma

The recommended starting dose of lenalidomide capsules is 20 mg orally once daily on Days 1-21 of repeated 28-day cycles for up to 12 cycles of treatment in combination with a rituximab product. Refer to Section 14.4 for specific rituximab dosing from the AUGMENT trial. For dose adjustments due to toxicity with rituximab, refer to the product prescribing information.

Dose Adjustments For Hematologic Toxicities During Fl Or Mzl Treatment

Dose modification guidelines, as summarized below, are recommended to manage Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or other Grade 3 or 4 toxicity judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules.

2.5 Dosage Modifications For Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions

For non-hematologic Grade 3/4 toxicities judged to be related to lenalidomide capsules, hold treatment and restart at the physician’s discretion at next lower dose level when toxicity has resolved to Grade 2 or below.

Permanently discontinue lenalidomide capsules for angioedema, anaphylaxis, Grade 4 rash, skin exfoliation, bullae, or any other severe dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9, 5.15)].

2.6 Recommended Dosage For Patients With Renal Impairment

The recommendations for dosing patients with renal impairment are shown in the following table [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Lenalidomide Capsule Combination Therapy For Mm

For CLcr of 30 to 60 mL/min, consider escalating the dose to 15 mg after 2 cycles if the patient tolerates the 10 mg dose of lenalidomide without dose-limiting toxicity.

Lenalidomide Capsule Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-Hsct For Mm And For Mcl And Mds

Base subsequent lenalidomide capsule dose increase or decrease on individual patient treatment tolerance [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)].

Lenalidomide Capsule Combination Therapy For Fl Or For Mzl

For patients with CLcr of 30 to 60 mL/min, after 2 cycles, the lenalidomide capsule dose may be increased to 15 mg orally if the patient has tolerated therapy.

2.7 Administration

Advise patients to take lenalidomide capsules orally at about the same time each day, either with or without food. Advise patients to swallow lenalidomide capsules whole with water and not to open, break, or chew them.

3 Dosage Forms And Strengths

Lenalidomide Capsules are available containing 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg or 25 mg of lenalidomide.

• •The 5 mg capsules are hard-shell gelatin capsules with a white opaque cap and white opaque body filled with white to off-white powder. The capsules are axially printed with MYLAN over LL 5 in black ink on both the cap and body.
• •The 10 mg capsules are hard-shell gelatin capsules with a green opaque cap and light gray opaque body filled with white to off-white powder. The capsules are axially printed with MYLAN over LL 10 in black ink on both the cap and body.
• •The 15 mg capsules are hard-shell gelatin capsules with a white opaque cap and white opaque body filled with white to off-white powder. The capsules are axially printed with MYLAN over LL 15 in red ink on both the cap and body.
• •The 25 mg capsules are hard-shell gelatin capsules with a white opaque cap and white opaque body filled with white to off-white powder. The capsules are axially printed with MYLAN over LL 25 in black ink on both the cap and body.

4.1 Pregnancy

Lenalidomide capsules can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female. Limb abnormalities were seen in the offspring of monkeys that were dosed with lenalidomide during organogenesis. This effect was seen at all doses tested. Due to the results of this developmental monkey study, and lenalidomide’s structural similarities to thalidomide, a known human teratogen, lenalidomide is contraindicated in females who are pregnant [see Boxed Warning]. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2), Use in Special Populations (8.1, 8.3)].

4.2 Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions

Lenalidomide capsules are contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated severe hypersensitivity (e.g., angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) to lenalidomide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9, 5.15)].

5.1 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Lenalidomide capsules are a thalidomide analogue and are contraindicated for use during pregnancy. Thalidomide is a known human teratogen that causes life-threatening human birth defects or embryo-fetal death [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. An embryo-fetal development study in monkeys indicates that lenalidomide produced malformations in the offspring of female monkeys who received the drug during pregnancy, similar to birth defects observed in humans following exposure to thalidomide during pregnancy.

Lenalidomide capsules are only available through the Lenalidomide REMS program [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Females Of Reproductive Potential

Females of reproductive potential must avoid pregnancy for at least 4 weeks before beginning lenalidomide capsule therapy, during therapy, during dose interruptions and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.

Females must commit either to abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use two methods of reliable birth control, beginning 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with lenalidomide capsules, during therapy, during dose interruptions and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide capsule therapy.

Two negative pregnancy tests must be obtained prior to initiating therapy. The first test should be performed within 10-14 days and the second test within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide capsule therapy and then weekly during the first month, then monthly thereafter in females with regular menstrual cycles or every 2 weeks in females with irregular menstrual cycles [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

Males

Lenalidomide is present in the semen of patients receiving the drug. Therefore, males must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking lenalidomide capsules and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide capsules, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. Male patients taking lenalidomide capsules must not donate sperm and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide capsules [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].

Lenalidomide is present in the semen of males who take lenalidomide capsules. Therefore, males must always use a latex or synthetic condom during any sexual contact with females of reproductive potential while taking lenalidomide capsules and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide capsules, even if they have undergone a successful vasectomy. Male patients taking lenalidomide capsules must not donate sperm and for up to 4 weeks after discontinuing lenalidomide capsules.

Blood Donation

Patients must not donate blood during treatment with lenalidomide capsules and for 4 weeks following discontinuation of the drug because the blood might be given to a pregnant female patient whose fetus must not be exposed to lenalidomide.

5.2 Lenalidomide Rems Program

Because of the embryo-fetal risk [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], lenalidomide capsules are available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), the Lenalidomide REMS program.

Required components of the Lenalidomide REMS program include the following:

• •Prescribers must be certified with the Lenalidomide REMS program by enrolling and complying with the REMS requirements.
• •Patients must sign a Patient-Physician agreement form and comply with the REMS requirements. In particular, female patients of reproductive potential who are not pregnant must comply with the pregnancy testing and contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)] and males must comply with contraception requirements [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
• •Pharmacies must be certified with the Lenalidomide REMS program, must only dispense to patients who are authorized to receive lenalidomide capsules and comply with REMS requirements.

Further information about the Lenalidomide REMS program is available at www.lenalidomiderems.com or by telephone at 1-888-423-5436.

5.3 Hematologic Toxicity

Lenalidomide capsules can cause significant neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Monitor patients with neutropenia for signs of infection. Advise patients to observe for bleeding or bruising, especially with use of concomitant medication that may increase risk of bleeding. Patients taking lenalidomide capsules should have their complete blood counts assessed periodically as described below [see Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)].

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone or as lenalidomide capsule maintenance therapy for MM every 7 days (weekly) for the first 2 cycles, on Days 1 and 15 of Cycle 3, and every 28 days (4 weeks) thereafter. A dose interruption and/or dose reduction may be required [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. In the MM maintenance therapy trials, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in up to 59% of lenalidomide capsule-treated patients and Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia in up to 38% of lenalidomide capsule-treated patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide capsules for MDS weekly for the first 8 weeks and at least monthly thereafter. Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 80% of patients enrolled in the MDS study. In the 48% of patients who developed Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, the median time to onset was 42 days (range, 14-411 days), and the median time to documented recovery was 17 days (range, 2-170 days). In the 54% of patients who developed Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, the median time to onset was 28 days (range, 8-290 days), and the median time to documented recovery was 22 days (range, 5-224 days) [see Boxed Warning and Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide capsules for MCL weekly for the first cycle (28 days), every 2 weeks during cycles 2-4, and then monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or dose reduction. In the MCL trial, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 43% of the patients. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 28% of the patients.

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) in patients taking lenalidomide capsules for FL or MZL weekly for the first 3 weeks of Cycle 1 (28 days), every 2 weeks during Cycles 2-4, and then monthly thereafter. Patients may require dose interruption and/or dose reduction. In the AUGMENT and MAGNIFY trials, Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 50% and 33%, respectively, of patients in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm. Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was reported in 2% and 8%, respectively, of patients in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

5.4 Venous And Arterial Thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolic events (VTE [DVT and PE]) and arterial thromboembolic events (ATE, myocardial infarction and stroke) are increased in patients treated with lenalidomide capsules.

A significantly increased risk of DVT (7.4%) and of PE (3.7%) occurred in patients with MM after at least one prior therapy who were treated with lenalidomide capsules and dexamethasone therapy compared to patients treated in the placebo and dexamethasone group (3.1% and 0.9%) in clinical trials with varying use of anticoagulant therapies. In the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) study in which nearly all patients received antithrombotic prophylaxis, DVT was reported as a serious adverse reaction (3.6%, 2.0%, and 1.7%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. The frequency of serious adverse reactions of PE was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms (3.8%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively) [see Boxed Warning and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Myocardial infarction (1.7%) and stroke (CVA) (2.3%) are increased in patients with MM after at least one prior therapy who were treated with lenalidomide capsules and dexamethasone therapy compared to patients treated with placebo and dexamethasone (0.6%, and 0.9%) in clinical trials. In the NDMM study, myocardial infarction (including acute) was reported as a serious adverse reaction (2.3%, 0.6%, and 1.1%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. The frequency of serious adverse reactions of CVA was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms (0.8%, 0.6 %, and 0.6%, respectively) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Patients with known risk factors, including prior thrombosis, may be at greater risk and actions should be taken to try to minimize all modifiable factors (e.g., hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking).

In controlled clinical trials that did not use concomitant thromboprophylaxis, 21.5% overall thrombotic events (Standardized MedDRA Query Embolic and Thrombotic events) occurred in patients with refractory and relapsed MM who were treated with lenalidomide capsules and dexamethasone compared to 8.3% thrombosis in patients treated with placebo and dexamethasone. The median time to first thrombosis event was 2.8 months. In the NDMM study in which nearly all patients received antithrombotic prophylaxis, the overall frequency of thrombotic events was 17.4% in patients in the combined Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms, and was 11.6% in the MPT Arm. The median time to first thrombosis event was 4.3 months in the combined Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms.

In the AUGMENT trial, the incidence of VTE (including DVT and PE) in FL or MZL patients was 3.4% in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. In the AUGMENT trial, the incidence of ATE (including MI) in FL or MZL patients was 0.6% in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Thromboprophylaxis is recommended. The regimen of thromboprophylaxis should be based on an assessment of the patient’s underlying risks. Instruct patients to report immediately any signs and symptoms suggestive of thrombotic events. ESAs and estrogens may further increase the risk of thrombosis and their use should be based on a benefit-risk decision in patients receiving lenalidomide capsules [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].

5.5 Increased Mortality In Patients With Cll

In a prospective randomized (1:1) clinical trial in the first line treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, single agent lenalidomide capsule therapy increased the risk of death as compared to single agent chlorambucil. In an interim analysis, there were 34 deaths among 210 patients on the lenalidomide capsules treatment arm compared to 18 deaths among 211 patients in the chlorambucil treatment arm, and hazard ratio for overall survival was 1.92 [95% CI: 1.08-3.41], consistent with a 92% increase in the risk of death. The trial was halted for safety in July 2013.

Serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, including atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiac failure occurred more frequently in the lenalidomide capsules treatment arm. Lenalidomide capsules are not indicated and not recommended for use in CLL outside of controlled clinical trials.

5.6 Second Primary Malignancies

In clinical trials in patients with MM receiving lenalidomide capsules, an increase of hematologic plus solid tumor second primary malignancies (SPM) notably AML and MDS have been observed. An increase in hematologic SPM including AML and MDS occurred in 5.3% of patients with NDMM receiving lenalidomide capsules in combination with oral melphalan compared with 1.3% of patients receiving melphalan without lenalidomide capsules. The frequency of AML and MDS cases in patients with NDMM treated with lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone without melphalan was 0.4%.

In patients receiving lenalidomide capsule maintenance therapy following high dose intravenous melphalan and auto-HSCT, hematologic SPM occurred in 7.5% of patients compared to 3.3% in patients receiving placebo. The incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor (excluding squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) SPM was 14.9%, compared to 8.8% in patients receiving placebo with a median follow-up of 91.5 months. Non-melanoma skin cancer SPM, including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, occurred in 3.9% of patients receiving lenalidomide capsule maintenance, compared to 2.6% in the placebo arm.

In patients with relapsed or refractory MM treated with lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone, the incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor (excluding squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) SPM was 2.3% versus 0.6% in the dexamethasone alone arm. Non-melanoma skin cancer SPM, including squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, occurred in 3.1% of patients receiving lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone, compared to 0.6% in the dexamethasone alone arm.

Patients who received lenalidomide capsule-containing therapy until disease progression did not show a higher incidence of invasive SPM than patients treated in the fixed duration lenalidomide capsule-containing arms. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. Take into account both the potential benefit of lenalidomide capsules and the risk of second primary malignancies when considering treatment with lenalidomide capsules.

In the AUGMENT trial with FL or MZL patients receiving lenalidomide capsules/rituximab therapy, hematologic plus solid tumor SPMs, notably AML, have been observed. In the AUGMENT trial, hematologic SPM of AML occurred in 0.6% of patients with FL or MZL receiving lenalidomide capsules/rituximab therapy. The incidence of hematologic plus solid tumor SPMs (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) was 1.7% in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm with a median follow-up of 29.8 months (range 0.5 to 51.3 months) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies. Take into account both the potential benefit of lenalidomide capsules and the risk of second primary malignancies when considering treatment with lenalidomide capsules.

5.7 Increased Mortality In Patients With Mm When Pembrolizumab Is Added To A Thalidomide Analogue And Dexamethasone

In two randomized clinical trials in patients with MM, the addition of pembrolizumab to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone, a use for which no PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody is indicated, resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of patients with MM with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in combination with a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone is not recommended outside of controlled clinical trials.

5.8 Hepatotoxicity

Hepatic failure, including fatal cases, has occurred in patients treated with lenalidomide capsules in combination with dexamethasone. In clinical trials, 15% of patients experienced hepatotoxicity (with hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed characteristics); 2% of patients with MM and 1% of patients with myelodysplasia had serious hepatotoxicity events. The mechanism of drug-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. Pre-existing viral liver disease, elevated baseline liver enzymes, and concomitant medications may be risk factors. Monitor liver enzymes periodically. Stop lenalidomide capsules upon elevation of liver enzymes. After return to baseline values, treatment at a lower dose may be considered.

5.9 Severe Cutaneous Reactions

Severe cutaneous reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) have been reported. DRESS may present with a cutaneous reaction (such as rash or exfoliative dermatitis), eosinophilia, fever, and/or lymphadenopathy with systemic complications such as hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and/or pericarditis. These events can be fatal. Patients with a prior history of Grade 4 rash associated with thalidomide treatment should not receive lenalidomide capsules. Consider lenalidomide capsule interruption or discontinuation for Grade 2-3 skin rash. Permanently discontinue lenalidomide capsules for Grade 4 rash, exfoliative or bullous rash, or for other severe cutaneous reactions such as SJS, TEN or DRESS [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)].

5.10 Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Fatal instances of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) have been reported during treatment with lenalidomide capsules. The patients at risk of TLS are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment. Monitor patients at risk closely and take appropriate preventive approaches. In the AUGMENT trial in FL or MZL patients, TLS occurred in 2 patients (1.1%) in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm. TLS occurred in 1 patient (0.5%) in the MAGNIFY trial during the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab induction period; the event was a serious, Grade 3 adverse reaction.

5.11 Tumor Flare Reaction

Tumor flare reaction (TFR), including fatal reactions, have occurred during investigational use of lenalidomide capsules for CLL and lymphoma, and is characterized by tender lymph node swelling, low grade fever, pain and rash. Lenalidomide capsules are not indicated and not recommended for use in CLL outside of controlled clinical trials.

Monitoring and evaluation for TFR is recommended in patients with MCL, FL, or MZL. Tumor flare reaction may mimic progression of disease (PD).

In the MCL trial, 13/134 (10%) of subjects experienced TFR; all reports were Grade 1 or 2 in severity. All of the events occurred in Cycle 1 and one patient developed TFR again in Cycle 11. In the AUGMENT trial in FL or MZL patients, TFR was reported in 19/176 (10.8%) of patients in lenalidomide capsules with rituximab arm; one patient in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm experienced a Grade 3 TFR. In the MAGNIFY trial, 9/222 (4.1%) of patients experienced TFR; all reports were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and 1 event was considered as serious. In a separate MCL phase 2 trial, one case of TFR resulted in a fatal outcome.

Lenalidomide capsules may be continued in patients with Grade 1 and 2 TFR without interruption or modification, at the physician’s discretion. Patients with Grade 1 and 2 TFR may also be treated with corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or narcotic analgesics for management of TFR symptoms. In patients with Grade 3 or 4 TFR, it is recommended to withhold treatment with lenalidomide capsules until TFR resolves to ≤ Grade 1. Patients with Grade 3 or 4 TFR may be treated for management of symptoms per the guidance for treatment of Grade 1 and 2 TFR.

5.12 Impaired Stem Cell Mobilization

A decrease in the number of CD34+ cells collected after treatment (> 4 cycles) with lenalidomide capsules has been reported. In patients who are auto-HSCT candidates, referral to a transplant center should occur early in treatment to optimize the timing of the stem cell collection. In patients who received more than 4 cycles of a lenalidomide capsule-containing treatment or for whom inadequate numbers of CD34+ cells have been collected with G-CSF alone, G-CSF with cyclophosphamide or the combination of G-CSF with a CXCR4 inhibitor may be considered.

5.13 Thyroid Disorders

Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Measure thyroid function before start of lenalidomide capsule treatment and during therapy.

5.14 Early Mortality In Patients With Mcl

In another MCL study, there was an increase in early deaths (within 20 weeks), 12.9% in the lenalidomide capsules arm versus 7.1% in the control arm. On exploratory multivariate analysis, risk factors for early deaths include high tumor burden, MIPI score at diagnosis, and high WBC at baseline (≥ 10 x 10⁹/L).

5.15 Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and anaphylactic reactions to lenalidomide capsules has been reported. Permanently discontinue lenalidomide capsules for angioedema and anaphylaxis [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

6 Adverse Reactions

The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other sections of the prescribing information:

• •Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]
• •Hematologic Toxicity [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
• •Venous and Arterial Thromboembolism [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• •Increased Mortality in Patients with CLL [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• •Second Primary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• •Increased Mortality in Patients with MM When Pembrolizumab Is Added to a Thalidomide Analogue and Dexamethasone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]
• •Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
• •Severe Cutaneous Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
• •Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• •Tumor Flare Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]
• •Impaired Stem Cell Mobilization [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]
• •Thyroid Disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]
• •Early Mortality in Patients with MCL [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]
• •Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)]

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Newly Diagnosed Mm – Lenalidomide Capsule Combination Therapy

Data were evaluated from 1613 patients in a large phase 3 study who received at least one dose of lenalidomide capsules with low dose dexamethasone (Rd) given for 2 different durations of time (i.e., until progressive disease [Arm Rd Continuous; N = 532] or for up to eighteen 28-day cycles [72 weeks, Arm Rd18; N = 540] or who received melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (Arm MPT; N = 541) for a maximum of twelve 42-day cycles (72 weeks). The median treatment duration in the Rd Continuous arm was 80.2 weeks (range 0.7 to 246.7) or 18.4 months (range 0.16 to 56.7).

In general, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were comparable in Arm Rd Continuous and Arm Rd18, and included diarrhea, anemia, constipation, peripheral edema, neutropenia, fatigue, back pain, nausea, asthenia, and insomnia. The most frequently reported Grade 3 or 4 reactions included neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pneumonia, asthenia, fatigue, back pain, hypokalemia, rash, cataract, lymphopenia, dyspnea, DVT, hyperglycemia, and leukopenia. The highest frequency of infections occurred in Arm Rd Continuous (75%) compared to Arm MPT (56%). There were more grade 3 and 4 and serious adverse reactions of infection in Arm Rd Continuous than either Arm MPT or Rd18.

In the Rd Continuous arm, the most common adverse reactions leading to dose interruption of lenalidomide capsules were infection events (28.8%); overall, the median time to the first dose interruption of lenalidomide capsules was 7 weeks. The most common adverse reactions leading to dose reduction of lenalidomide capsules in the Rd Continuous arm were hematologic events (10.7%); overall, the median time to the first dose reduction of lenalidomide capsules was 16 weeks. In the Rd Continuous arm, the most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of lenalidomide capsules were infection events (3.4%).

In both Rd arms, the frequencies of onset of adverse reactions were generally highest in the first 6 months of treatment and then the frequencies decreased over time or remained stable throughout treatment, except for cataracts. The frequency of onset of cataracts increased over time with 0.7% during the first 6 months and up to 9.6% by the 2nd year of treatment with Rd Continuous.

Table 4 summarizes the adverse reactions reported for the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT treatment arms.

Newly Diagnosed Mm – Lenalidomide Capsule Maintenance Therapy Following Auto-Hsct

Data were evaluated from 1018 patients in two randomized trials who received at least one dose of lenalidomide capsules 10 mg daily as maintenance therapy after auto-HSCT until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The mean treatment duration for lenalidomide capsule treatment was 30.3 months for Maintenance Study 1 and 24.0 months for Maintenance Study 2 (overall range across both studies from 0.1 to 108 months). As of the cut-off date of 1 Mar 2015, 48 patients (21%) in the Maintenance Study 1 lenalidomide capsules arm were still on treatment and none of the patients in the Maintenance Study 2 lenalidomide capsules arm were still on treatment at the same cut-off date.

The adverse reactions listed from Maintenance Study 1 included events reported post-transplant (completion of high-dose melphalan/auto-HSCT), and the maintenance treatment period. In Maintenance Study 2, the adverse reactions were from the maintenance treatment period only. In general, the most frequently reported adverse reactions (more than 20% in the lenalidomide capsules arm) across both studies were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, nasopharyngitis, cough, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, rash, fatigue, asthenia, muscle spasm and pyrexia. The most frequently reported Grade 3 or 4 reactions (more than 20% in the lenalidomide capsules arm) included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. The serious adverse reactions lung infection and neutropenia (more than 4.5%) occurred in the lenalidomide capsules arm.

For lenalidomide capsules, the most common adverse reactions leading to dose interruption were hematologic events (29.7%, data available in Maintenance Study 2 only). The most common adverse reaction leading to dose reduction of lenalidomide capsules were hematologic events (17.7%, data available in Maintenance Study 2 only). The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of lenalidomide capsules were thrombocytopenia (2.7%) in Maintenance Study 1 and neutropenia (2.4%) in Maintenance Study 2.

The frequencies of onset of adverse reactions were generally highest in the first 6 months of treatment and then the frequencies decreased over time or remained stable throughout treatment.

Table 5 summarizes the adverse reactions reported for the lenalidomide capsules and placebo maintenance treatment arms.

After At Least One Prior Therapy For Mm

Data were evaluated from 703 patients in two studies who received at least one dose of lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone (353 patients) or placebo/dexamethasone (350 patients).

In the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone treatment group, 269 patients (76%) had at least one dose interruption with or without a dose reduction of lenalidomide capsules compared to 199 patients (57%) in the placebo/dexamethasone treatment group. Of these patients who had one dose interruption with or without a dose reduction, 50% in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone treatment group had at least one additional dose interruption with or without a dose reduction compared to 21% in the placebo/dexamethasone treatment group. Most adverse reactions and Grade 3/4 adverse reactions were more frequent in patients who received the combination of lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone compared to placebo/dexamethasone.

Tables 6, 7, and 8 summarize the adverse reactions reported for lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups.

Median duration of exposure among patients treated with lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone was 44 weeks while median duration of exposure among patients treated with placebo/dexamethasone was 23 weeks. This should be taken into consideration when comparing frequency of adverse reactions between two treatment groups lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone vs placebo/dexamethasone.

Venous And Arterial Thromboembolism

[See Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions (5.4).]

VTE and ATE are increased in patients treated with lenalidomide capsules.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was reported as a serious (7.4%) or severe (8.2%) adverse drug reaction at a higher rate in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group compared to 3.1% and 3.4% in the placebo/dexamethasone group, respectively in the 2 studies in patients with at least 1 prior therapy with discontinuations due to DVT adverse reactions reported at comparable rates between groups. In the NDMM study, DVT was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 10.3%, 7.2%, 4.1%), as a serious adverse reaction (3.6%, 2.0%, 1.7%), and as a Grade 3/4 adverse reaction (5.6%, 3.7%, 2.8%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively. Discontinuations and dose reductions due to DVT adverse reactions were reported at comparable rates between the Rd Continuous and Rd18 Arms (both < 1%). Interruption of lenalidomide capsule treatment due to DVT adverse reactions was reported at comparable rates between the Rd Continuous (2.3%) and Rd18 (1.5%) arms. Pulmonary embolism (PE) was reported as a serious adverse drug reaction (3.7%) or Grade 3/4 (4.0%) at a higher rate in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group compared to 0.9% (serious or grade 3/4) in the placebo/dexamethasone group in the 2 studies in patients with, at least 1 prior therapy, with discontinuations due to PE adverse reactions reported at comparable rates between groups. In the NDMM study, the frequency of adverse reactions of PE was similar between the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms for adverse reactions (all grades: 3.9%, 3.3%, and 4.3%, respectively), serious adverse reactions (3.8%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively), and grade 3/4 adverse reactions (3.8%, 3.0%, and 3.7%, respectively).

Myocardial infarction was reported as a serious (1.7%) or severe (1.7%) adverse drug reaction at a higher rate in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group compared to 0.6% and 0.6% respectively in the placebo/dexamethasone group. Discontinuation due to MI (including acute) adverse reactions was 0.8% in lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group and none in the placebo/dexamethasone group. In the NDMM study, myocardial infarction (including acute) was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 2.4%, 0.6%, and 1.1%), as a serious adverse reaction, (2.3%, 0.6%, and 1.1%), or as a severe adverse reaction (1.9%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT Arms, respectively.

Stroke (CVA) was reported as a serious (2.3%) or severe (2.0%) adverse drug reaction in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group compared to 0.9% and 0.9% respectively in the placebo/dexamethasone group. Discontinuation due to stroke (CVA) was 1.4% in lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group and 0.3% in the placebo/dexamethasone group. In the NDMM study, CVA was reported as an adverse reaction (all grades: 0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.6%), as a serious adverse reaction (0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.6%), or as a severe adverse reaction (0.6%, 0.6%, 0.2%) in the Rd Continuous, Rd18, and MPT arms respectively.

Other Adverse Reactions

After At Least One Prior Therapy for MM:

In these 2 studies, the following adverse drug reactions (ADRs) not described above that occurred at ≥ 1% rate and of at least twice of the placebo percentage rate were reported:

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: pancytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Cardiac Disorders: bradycardia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris

Endocrine Disorders: hirsutism

Eye Disorders: blindness, ocular hypertension

Gastrointestinal Disorders: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glossodynia

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: malaise

Investigations: liver function tests abnormal, alanine aminotransferase increased

Nervous System Disorders: cerebral ischemia

Psychiatric Disorders: mood swings, hallucination, loss of libido

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: erectile dysfunction

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: cough, hoarseness

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: exanthem, skin hyperpigmentation

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

A total of 148 patients received at least 1 dose of 10 mg lenalidomide capsules in the del 5q MDS clinical study. At least one adverse reaction was reported in all of the 148 patients who were treated with the 10 mg starting dose of lenalidomide capsules. The most frequently reported adverse reactions were related to blood and lymphatic system disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and general disorders and administrative site conditions.

Thrombocytopenia (61.5%; 91/148) and neutropenia (58.8%; 87/148) were the most frequently reported adverse reactions. The next most common adverse reactions observed were diarrhea (48.6%; 72/148), pruritus (41.9%; 62/148), rash (35.8%; 53/148) and fatigue (31.1%; 46/148). Table 9 summarizes the adverse reactions that were reported in ≥ 5% of the lenalidomide capsule-treated patients in the del 5q MDS clinical study. Table 10 summarizes the most frequently observed Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse reactions regardless of relationship to treatment with lenalidomide capsules. In the single-arm studies conducted, it is often not possible to distinguish adverse reactions that are drug-related and those that reflect the patient’s underlying disease.

In other clinical studies of lenalidomide capsules in MDS patients, the following serious adverse reactions (regardless of relationship to study drug treatment) not described in Table 9 or 10 were reported:

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: warm type hemolytic anemia, splenic infarction, bone marrow depression, coagulopathy, hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, refractory anemia

Cardiac Disorders: cardiac failure congestive, atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, cardiac arrest, cardiac failure, cardio-respiratory arrest, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation aggravated, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, supraventricular arrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, ventricular dysfunction

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: vertigo

Endocrine Disorders: Basedow’s disease

Gastrointestinal Disorders: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, colitis ischemic, intestinal perforation, rectal hemorrhage, colonic polyp, diverticulitis, dysphagia, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive inguinal hernia, irritable bowel syndrome, melena, pancreatitis due to biliary obstruction, pancreatitis, perirectal abscess, small intestinal obstruction, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: disease progression, fall, gait abnormal, intermittent pyrexia, nodule, rigors, sudden death

Hepatobiliary Disorders: hyperbilirubinemia, cholecystitis, acute cholecystitis, hepatic failure

Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity

Infections and Infestations: infection bacteremia, central line infection, clostridial infection, ear infection, Enterobacter sepsis, fungal infection, herpes viral infection NOS, influenza, kidney infection, Klebsiella sepsis, lobar pneumonia, localized infection, oral infection, Pseudomonas infection, septic shock, sinusitis acute, sinusitis, Staphylococcal infection, urosepsis

Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications: femur fracture, transfusion reaction, cervical vertebral fracture, femoral neck fracture, fractured pelvis, hip fracture, overdose, post procedural hemorrhage, rib fracture, road traffic accident, spinal compression fracture

Investigations: blood creatinine increased, hemoglobin decreased, liver function tests abnormal, troponin I increased

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: dehydration, gout, hypernatremia, hypoglycemia

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: arthritis, arthritis aggravated, gouty arthritis, neck pain, chondrocalcinosis pyrophosphate

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and Unspecified: acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, lung cancer metastatic, lymphoma, prostate cancer metastatic

Nervous System Disorders: cerebrovascular accident, aphasia, cerebellar infarction, cerebral infarction, depressed level of consciousness, dysarthria, migraine, spinal cord compression, subarachnoid hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack

Psychiatric Disorders: confusional state

Renal and Urinary Disorders: renal failure, hematuria, renal failure acute, azotemia, calculus ureteric, renal mass

Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: pelvic pain

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: bronchitis, chronic obstructive airways disease exacerbated, respiratory failure, dyspnea exacerbated, interstitial lung disease, lung infiltration, wheezing

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis

Vascular System Disorders: deep vein thrombosis, hypotension, aortic disorder, ischemia, thrombophlebitis superficial, thrombosis

Mantle Cell Lymphoma

In the MCL trial, a total of 134 patients received at least 1 dose of lenalidomide capsules. Their median age was 67 (range 43-83) years, 128/134 (96%) were Caucasian, 108/134 (81%) were males and 82/134 (61%) had duration of MCL for at least 3 years.

Table 11 summarizes the most frequently observed adverse reactions regardless of relationship to treatment with lenalidomide capsules. Across the 134 patients treated in this study, median duration of treatment was 95 days (1-1002 days). Seventy-eight patients (58%) received 3 or more cycles of therapy, 53 patients (40%) received 6 or more cycles, and 26 patients (19%) received 12 or more cycles. Seventy-six patients (57%) underwent at least one dose interruption due to adverse reactions, and 51 patients (38%) underwent at least one dose reduction due to adverse reactions. Twenty-six patients (19%) discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions.

The following adverse reactions which have occurred in other indications including another MCL study and not described above have been reported (1%-10%) in patients treated with lenalidomide capsule monotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma.

Cardiac Disorders: Cardiac failure

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Vertigo

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Chills

Infections and Infestations: Respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, oral herpes

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Pain in extremity

Nervous System Disorders: Dysgeusia, headache, neuropathy peripheral, lethargy

Psychiatric Disorders: Insomnia

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Dry skin, night sweats

The following serious adverse reactions not described above and reported in 2 or more patients treated with lenalidomide capsule monotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma.

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Neutropenia

Cardiac Disorders: Myocardial infarction (including acute MI), supraventricular tachycardia

Infections and Infestations: Clostridium difficile colitis, sepsis

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and Unspecified (Including Cysts and Polyps): Basal cell carcinoma

Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism

Follicular Lymphoma Or Marginal Zone Lymphoma

The safety of lenalidomide capsules/rituximab was evaluated in 398 patients with either previously treated follicular lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma in two clinical trials; AUGMENT (N = 176) and MAGNIFY (N = 222) [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. Subjects were 18 years or older in age, had an ECOG PS ≤ 2, ANC ≥ 1,000 cells/mm³ and platelets ≥ 75,000/mm³ (unless secondary to bone marrow involvement by lymphoma), hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL, AST and ALT ≤ 3x ULN (unless documented liver involvement with lymphoma, and creatinine clearance of ≥ 30 mL/min. Subjects with active HIV, hepatitis B or C were not eligible.

In the AUGMENT trial, patients received lenalidomide capsules 20 mg daily by mouth on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle with rituximab 375 mg/m² weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 2-5 (n = 176) or placebo with rituximab 375 mg/m² weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 2-5 (n = 180) for up to 12 cycles. In the MAGNIFY trial, patients received lenalidomide capsules 20 mg by mouth daily, days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle with rituximab 375 mg/m² weekly (days 1, 8, 15 and 22 in cycle 1) then on day 1 of cycles 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in the induction phase of the trial (n = 222). In the AUGMENT trial, 88.1% of patients completed at least 6 cycles of lenalidomide capsules/rituximab, and 71% of patients completed 12 cycles. In the ongoing MAGNIFY trial as of May 1, 2017, 62.2% of patients completed at least 6 cycles of lenalidomide capsules/rituximab, and 30.6% of patients completed 12 cycles.

Across both clinical trials (AUGMENT and MAGNIFY), patients had a median age of 64.5 years (26 to 91); 49% were male; and 81% were White.

Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 6 patients (1.5%) receiving lenalidomide capsules/rituximab. Fatal adverse reactions (1 each) included cardio-respiratory arrest, arrhythmia, cardiopulmonary failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, sepsis, and acute kidney injury. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients receiving lenalidomide capsules/rituximab in AUGMENT and 29% in MAGNIFY. The most frequent serious adverse reaction that occurred in ≥ 2.5% of patients in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm was febrile neutropenia (3%). Permanent discontinuation of lenalidomide capsules or rituximab due to an adverse reaction occurred in 14.6% of patients in the lenalidomide capsules/rituximab arm. The most common adverse reaction (in at least 1%) requiring permanent discontinuation of lenalidomide capsules or rituximab was neutropenia (4.8%).

The most common adverse reactions occurring in at least 20% of subjects were; neutropenia (48%), fatigue (37%), diarrhea (32%), constipation (27%), nausea (21%), and cough (20%).

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse drug reactions have been identified from the worldwide postmarketing experience with lenalidomide capsules. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure [see Warnings and Precautions Section (5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, and 5.13)].

Endocrine Disorders: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism

Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hepatic failure (including fatality), toxic hepatitis, cytolytic hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, mixed cytolytic/cholestatic hepatitis, transient abnormal liver laboratory tests

Immune System Disorders: Angioedema, anaphylaxis, acute graft-versus-host disease (following allogeneic hematopoietic transplant), solid organ transplant rejection

Infections and Infestations: Viral reactivation (such as hepatitis B virus and herpes zoster), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Neoplasms Benign, Malignant and Unspecified (Including Cysts and Polyps): Tumor lysis syndrome, tumor flare reaction

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Pneumonitis

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

7.1 Digoxin

When digoxin was co-administered with multiple doses of lenalidomide capsules (10 mg/day) the digoxin C_max and AUC_inf  were increased by 14%. Periodically monitor digoxin plasma levels, in accordance with clinical judgment and based on standard clinical practice in patients receiving this medication, during administration of lenalidomide capsules.

7.2 Concomitant Therapies That May Increase The Risk Of Thrombosis

Erythropoietic agents, or other agents that may increase the risk of thrombosis, such as estrogen containing therapies, should be used with caution after making a benefit-risk assessment in patients receiving lenalidomide capsules [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

7.3 Warfarin

Co-administration of multiple doses of lenalidomide capsules (10 mg/day) with a single dose of warfarin (25 mg) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide or R- and S-warfarin. Expected changes in laboratory assessments of PT and INR were observed after warfarin administration, but these changes were not affected by concomitant lenalidomide capsule administration. It is not known whether there is an interaction between dexamethasone and warfarin. Close monitoring of PT and INR is recommended in patients with MM taking concomitant warfarin.

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in females exposed to lenalidomide capsules during pregnancy as well as female partners of male patients who are exposed to lenalidomide capsules. This registry is also used to understand the root cause for the pregnancy. Report any suspected fetal exposure to lenalidomide to the FDA via the MedWatch program at 1-800-FDA-1088 and also to REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436.

Risk Summary

Based on the mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] and findings from animal studies [see Data], lenalidomide capsules can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant female and are contraindicated during pregnancy [see Boxed Warning, Contraindications (4.1), and Use in Specific Populations (5.1)].

Lenalidomide capsules are a thalidomide analogue. Thalidomide is a human teratogen, inducing a high frequency of severe and life-threatening birth defects such as amelia (absence of limbs), phocomelia (short limbs), hypoplasticity of the bones, absence of bones, external ear abnormalities (including anotia, micropinna, small or absent external auditory canals), facial palsy, eye abnormalities (anophthalmos, microphthalmos), and congenital heart defects. Alimentary tract, urinary tract, and genital malformations have also been documented and mortality at or shortly after birth has been reported in about 40% of infants.

Lenalidomide caused thalidomide-type limb defects in monkey offspring. Lenalidomide crossed the placenta after administration to pregnant rabbits and pregnant rats [see Data]. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to a fetus.

If pregnancy does occur during treatment, immediately discontinue the drug. Under these conditions, refer patient to an obstetrician/gynecologist experienced in reproductive toxicity for further evaluation and counseling. Report any suspected fetal exposure to lenalidomide to the FDA via the MedWatch program at 1-800-FDA-1088 and also to REMS Call Center at 1-888-423-5436.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. The estimated background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2%-4% and of miscarriage is 15%-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.

There is no information regarding the presence of lenalidomide in human milk, the effects of lenalidomide on the breastfed child, or the effects of lenalidomide on milk production. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for adverse reactions in breastfed children from lenalidomide capsules, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with lenalidomide capsules.

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in monkeys, teratogenicity, including thalidomide-like limb defects, occurred in offspring when pregnant monkeys received oral lenalidomide during organogenesis. Exposure (AUC) in monkeys at the lowest dose was 0.17 times the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 25 mg. Similar studies in pregnant rabbits and rats at 20 times and 200 times the MRHD respectively, produced embryo lethality in rabbits and no adverse reproductive effects in rats.

In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, animals received lenalidomide from organogenesis through lactation. The study revealed a few adverse effects on the offspring of female rats treated with lenalidomide at doses up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 200 times the human dose of 25 mg based on body surface area). The male offspring exhibited slightly delayed sexual maturation and the female offspring had slightly lower body weight gains during gestation when bred to male offspring. As with thalidomide, the rat model may not adequately address the full spectrum of potential human embryo-fetal developmental effects for lenalidomide.

Following daily oral administration of lenalidomide from Gestation Day 7 through Gestation Day 20 in pregnant rabbits, fetal plasma lenalidomide concentrations were approximately 20-40% of the maternal C_max. Following a single oral dose to pregnant rats, lenalidomide was detected in fetal plasma and tissues; concentrations of radioactivity in fetal tissues were generally lower than those in maternal tissues. These data indicated that lenalidomide crossed the placenta.

Pregnancy Testing

Lenalidomide capsules can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating lenalidomide capsule therapy and during therapy. Advise females of reproductive potential that they must avoid pregnancy 4 weeks before therapy, while taking lenalidomide capsules, during dose interruptions and for at least 4 weeks after completing therapy.

Females of reproductive potential must have 2 negative pregnancy tests before initiating lenalidomide capsules. The first test should be performed within 10-14 days, and the second test within 24 hours prior to prescribing lenalidomide capsules. Once treatment has started and during dose interruptions, pregnancy testing for females of reproductive potential should occur weekly during the first 4 weeks of use, then pregnancy testing should be repeated every 4 weeks in females with regular menstrual cycles. If menstrual cycles are irregular, the pregnancy testing should occur every 2 weeks. Pregnancy testing and counseling should be performed if a patient misses her period or if there is any abnormality in her menstrual bleeding. Lenalidomide capsule treatment must be discontinued during this evaluation.

Females

Females of reproductive potential must commit either to abstain continuously from heterosexual sexual intercourse or to use 2 methods of reliable birth control simultaneously: one highly effective form of contraception – tubal ligation, IUD, hormonal (birth control pills, injections, hormonal patches, vaginal rings, or implants), or partner’s vasectomy, and 1 additional effective contraceptive method – male latex or synthetic condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. Contraception must begin 4 weeks prior to initiating treatment with lenalidomide capsules, during therapy, during dose interruptions, and continuing for 4 weeks following discontinuation of lenalidomide capsule therapy. Reliable contraception is indicated even where there has been a history of infertility, unless due to hysterectomy. Females of reproductive potential should be referred to a qualified provider of contraceptive methods, if needed.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.

Mm In Combination

Overall, of the 1613 patients in the NDMM study who received study treatment, 94% (1521/1613) were 65 years of age or older, while 35% (561/1613) were over 75 years of age. The percentage of patients over age 75 was similar between study arms (Rd Continuous: 33%; Rd18: 34%; MPT: 33%). Overall, across all treatment arms, the frequency in most of the adverse reaction categories (e.g., all adverse reactions, grade 3/4 adverse reactions, serious adverse reactions) was higher in older (> 75 years of age) than in younger (≤ 75 years of age) subjects. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions body system were consistently reported at a higher frequency (with a difference of at least 5%) in older subjects than in younger subjects across all treatment arms. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the Infections and Infestations, Cardiac Disorders (including cardiac failure and congestive cardiac failure), Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders, and Renal and Urinary Disorders (including renal failure) body systems were also reported slightly, but consistently, more frequently (< 5% difference), in older subjects than in younger subjects across all treatment arms. For other body systems (e.g., Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders, Infections and Infestations, Cardiac Disorders, Vascular Disorders), there was a less consistent trend for increased frequency of grade 3/4 adverse reactions in older vs younger subjects across all treatment arms. Serious adverse reactions were generally reported at a higher frequency in the older subjects than in the younger subjects across all treatment arms.

Mm Maintenance Therapy

Overall, 10% (106/1018) of patients were 65 years of age or older, while no patients were over 75 years of age. Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients. The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions in the Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients. There were not a sufficient number of patients 65 years of age or older in lenalidomide capsule maintenance studies who experienced either a serious adverse reaction, or discontinued therapy due to an adverse reaction to determine whether elderly patients respond relative to safety differently from younger patients.

Mm After At Least One Prior Therapy

Of the 703 MM patients who received study treatment in Studies 1 and 2, 45% were age 65 or over while 12% of patients were age 75 and over. The percentage of patients age 65 or over was not significantly different between the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups. Of the 353 patients who received lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone, 46% were age 65 and over. In both studies, patients > 65 years of age were more likely than patients ≤ 65 years of age to experience DVT, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation, and renal failure following use of lenalidomide capsules. No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.

Of the 148 patients with del 5q MDS enrolled in the major study, 38% were age 65 and over, while 33% were age 75 and over. Although the overall frequency of adverse reactions (100%) was the same in patients over 65 years of age as in younger patients, the frequency of serious adverse reactions was higher in patients over 65 years of age than in younger patients (54% vs 33%). A greater proportion of patients over 65 years of age discontinued from the clinical studies because of adverse reactions than the proportion of younger patients (27% vs 16%). No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.

Of the 134 patients with MCL enrolled in the MCL trial, 63% were age 65 and over, while 22% of patients were age 75 and over. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in patients over 65 years of age and in younger patients (98% vs 100%). The overall incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions was also similar in these 2 patient groups (79% vs 78%, respectively). The frequency of serious adverse reactions was higher in patients over 65 years of age than in younger patients (55% vs 41%). No differences in efficacy were observed between patients over 65 years of age and younger patients.

Fl Or Mzl In Combination

Overall, 48% (282/590) of patients were 65 years of age or older, while 14% (82/590) of patients were over 75 years of age. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in patients 65 years of age or older and younger patients for both studies pooled (98%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients (71% versus 59%). The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients in the Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders (47% versus 40%) and Infections and Infestations (16% versus 11%). Serious adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients (37% versus 18%). The frequency of serious adverse reactions were higher in the lenalidomide capsules arm (more than 5% higher) in the patients 65 years of age or older versus younger patients in Infections and Infestations (15% versus 6%).

Since elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection. Monitor renal function.

8.6 Renal Impairment

Adjust the starting dose of lenalidomide capsules based on the creatinine clearance value and for patients on dialysis [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

10 Overdosage

There is no specific experience in the management of lenalidomide capsule overdose in patients with MM, MDS, MCL, FL, or MZL. In dose-ranging studies in healthy subjects, some were exposed to up to 200 mg (administered 100 mg BID) and in single-dose studies, some subjects were exposed to up to 400 mg. Pruritus, urticaria, rash, and elevated liver transaminases were the primary reported AEs. In clinical trials, the dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.

11 Description

Lenalidomide capsules, a thalidomide analogue, are an immunomodulatory agent with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic properties. The chemical name is 3-(4-Amino-1-oxo 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl) piperidine-2,6-dione and it has the following chemical structure:

Lenalidomide Structural Formula - image 07

The molecular formula for lenalidomide is C₁₃H₁₃N₃O₃, and the gram molecular weight is 259.27.

Lenalidomide is an off-white to pale yellow powder. It is soluble in organic solvent/water mixtures, and buffered aqueous solvents. Lenalidomide is more soluble in organic solvents and low pH solutions. Solubility was significantly lower in less acidic buffers, ranging from about 0.4 to 0.5 mg/mL. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.

Lenalidomide is available in 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 25 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, gelatin, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn), sodium stearyl fumarate and titanium dioxide. The 10 mg capsules also contain black iron oxide, FD&C Blue No. 2 and yellow iron oxide. The black imprinting ink for the 5 mg, 10 mg and 25 mg capsules contains black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution. The red imprinting ink for the 15 mg capsules contains ammonium hydroxide, propylene glycol, red iron oxide, shellac glaze and simethicone.

12.1 Mechanism Of Action

Lenalidomide is an analogue of thalidomide with immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and antineoplastic properties. Cellular activities of lenalidomide are mediated through its target cereblon, a component of a cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme complex. In vitro, in the presence of drug, substrate proteins (including Aiolos, Ikaros, and CK1α) are targeted for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation leading to direct cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. Lenalidomide inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of certain hematopoietic tumor cells including MM, mantle cell lymphoma, and del (5q) myelodysplastic syndromes, follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma in vitro. Lenalidomide causes a delay in tumor growth in some in vivo nonclinical hematopoietic tumor models including MM. Immunomodulatory properties of lenalidomide include increased number and activation of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells leading to direct and enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via increased secretion of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, increased numbers of NKT cells, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) by monocytes. In MM cells, the combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone synergizes the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. The combination of lenalidomide and rituximab increases ADCC and direct tumor apoptosis in follicular lymphoma cells and increases ADCC in marginal zone lymphoma cells compared to rituximab alone in vitro.

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of lenalidomide on the QTc interval was evaluated in 60 healthy male subjects in a thorough QT study. At a dose two times the maximum recommended dose, lenalidomide did not prolong the QTc interval. The largest upper bound of the two-sided 90% CI for the mean differences between lenalidomide and placebo was below 10 ms.

Absorption

Following single and multiple doses of lenalidomide capsules in patients with MM or MDS, the maximum plasma concentrations occurred between 0.5 and 6 hours post-dose. The single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic disposition of lenalidomide is linear with AUC and C_max values increasing proportionally with dose. Multiple doses of lenalidomide capsules at the recommended dosage does not result in drug accumulation.

Administration of a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide capsules with a high-fat meal in healthy subjects reduces the extent of absorption, with an approximate 20% decrease in AUC and 50% decrease in C_max. In the trials where the efficacy and safety were established for lenalidomide capsules, the drug was administered without regard to food intake. Lenalidomide capsules can be administered with or without food.

The oral absorption rate of lenalidomide in patients with MCL is similar to that observed in patients with MM or MDS.

Distribution

In vitro [¹⁴C]-lenalidomide binding to plasma proteins is approximately 30%.

Lenalidomide is present in semen at 2 hours (1379 ng/ejaculate) and 24 hours (35 ng/ejaculate) after the administration of lenalidomide capsules 25 mg daily.

Elimination

The mean half-life of lenalidomide is 3 hours in healthy subjects and 3 to 5 hours in patients with MM, MDS or MCL.

Metabolism

Lenalidomide undergoes limited metabolism. Unchanged lenalidomide is the predominant circulating component in humans. Two identified metabolites are 5-hydroxy-lenalidomide and N-acetyl-lenalidomide; each constitutes less than 5% of parent levels in circulation.

Excretion

Elimination is primarily renal. Following a single oral administration of [¹⁴C]-lenalidomide 25 mg to healthy subjects, approximately 90% and 4% of the radioactive dose was eliminated within ten days in urine and feces, respectively. Approximately 82% of the radioactive dose was excreted as lenalidomide in the urine within 24 hours. Hydroxy-lenalidomide and N-acetyl-lenalidomide represented 4.6% and 1.8% of the excreted dose, respectively. The renal clearance of lenalidomide exceeds the glomerular filtration rate.

Renal Impairment

Eight subjects with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CLcr) 50 to 79 mL/min calculated using Cockcroft-Gault), 9 subjects with moderate renal impairment (CLcr 30 to 49 mL/min), 4 subjects with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 mL/min), and 6 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis were administered a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide capsules. Three healthy subjects of similar age with normal renal function (CLcr > 80 mL/min) were also administered a single 25 mg dose of lenalidomide capsules. As CLcr decreased, half-life increased and drug clearance decreased linearly. Patients with moderate and severe impairment had a 3-fold increase in half-life and a 66% to 75% decrease in drug clearance compared to healthy subjects. Patients on hemodialysis (n = 6) had an approximate 4.5-fold increase in half-life and an 80% decrease in drug clearance compared to healthy subjects. Approximately 30% of the drug in body was removed during a 4-hour hemodialysis session.

Adjust the starting dose of lenalidomide capsules in patients with renal impairment based on the CLcr value [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

Hepatic Impairment

Mild hepatic impairment (defined as total bilirubin > 1 to 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) or any aspartate transaminase greater than ULN) did not influence the disposition of lenalidomide. No pharmacokinetic data is available for patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment.

Other Intrinsic Factors

Age (39 to 85 years), body weight (33 to 135 kg), sex, race, and type of hematological malignancies (MM, MDS or MCL) did not have a clinically relevant effect on lenalidomide clearance in adult patients.

Drug Interactions

Co-administration of a single dose or multiple doses of dexamethasone (40 mg) had no clinically relevant effect on the multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide capsules (25 mg).

Co-administration of lenalidomide capsules (25 mg) after multiple doses of a P-gp inhibitor such as quinidine (600 mg twice daily) did not significantly increase the C_max or AUC of lenalidomide.

Co-administration of the P-gp inhibitor and substrate temsirolimus (25 mg) with lenalidomide capsules (25 mg) did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide, temsirolimus, or sirolimus (metabolite of temsirolimus).

In vitro studies demonstrated that lenalidomide capsules are a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Lenalidomide capsules are not a substrate of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporters MRP1, MRP2, or MRP3, organic anion transporters (OAT) OAT1 and OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), organic cation transporters (OCT) OCT1 and OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) MATE1, and organic cation transporters novel (OCTN) OCTN1 and OCTN2. Lenalidomide is not an inhibitor of P-gp, bile salt export pump (BSEP), BCRP, MRP2, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OCT2. Lenalidomide does not inhibit or induce CYP450 isoenzymes. Also, lenalidomide does not inhibit bilirubin glucuronidation formation in human liver microsomes with UGT1A1 genotyped as UGT1A1*1/*1, UGT1A1*1/*28, and UGT1A1*28/*28.

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies with lenalidomide have not been conducted.

Lenalidomide was not mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) and did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, or mutations at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. Lenalidomide did not increase morphological transformation in Syrian Hamster Embryo assay or induce micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of male rats.

A fertility and early embryonic development study in rats, with administration of lenalidomide up to 500 mg/kg (approximately 200 times the human dose of 25 mg, based on body surface area) produced no parental toxicity and no adverse effects on fertility.

Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial In Patients With Newly Diagnosed Mm

A randomized multicenter, open-label, 3-arm trial of 1,623 patients, was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide capsules and low-dose dexamethasone (Rd) given for 2 different durations of time to that of melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) in newly diagnosed MM patients who were not a candidate for stem cell transplant. In the first arm of the study, Rd was given continuously until progressive disease [Arm Rd Continuous]. In the second arm, Rd was given for up to eighteen 28-day cycles [72 weeks, Arm Rd18]). In the third arm, melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) was given for a maximum of twelve 42-day cycles (72 weeks). For the purposes of this study, a patient who was < 65 years of age was not a candidate for SCT if the patient refused to undergo SCT therapy or the patient did not have access to SCT due to cost or other reasons. Patients were stratified at randomization by age (≤ 75 versus > 75 years), stage (ISS Stages I and II versus Stage III), and country.

Patients in the Rd Continuous and Rd18 arms received lenalidomide capsules 25 mg once daily on Days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycles. Dexamethasone was dosed 40 mg once daily on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each 28-day cycle. For patients over > 75 years old, the starting dose of dexamethasone was 20 mg orally once daily on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of repeated 28-day cycles. Initial dose and regimens for Rd Continuous and Rd18 were adjusted according to age and renal function. All patients received prophylactic anticoagulation with the most commonly used being aspirin.

The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were balanced among the 3 arms. In general, study subjects had advanced-stage disease. Of the total study population, the median age was 73 in the 3 arms with 35% of total patients > 75 years of age; 59% had ISS Stage I/II; 41% had ISS stage III; 9% had severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLcr] < 30 mL/min); 23% had moderate renal impairment (CLcr > 30 to 50 mL/min; 44% had mild renal impairment (CLcr > 50 to 80 mL/min). For ECOG Performance Status, 29% were Grade 0, 49% Grade 1, 21% Grade 2, 0.4% ≥ Grade 3.

The primary efficacy endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was defined as the time from randomization to the first documentation of disease progression as determined by Independent Response Adjudication Committee (IRAC), based on International Myeloma Working Group [IMWG] criteria or death due to any cause, whichever occurred first during the study until the end of the PFS follow-up phase. For the efficacy analysis of all endpoints, the primary comparison was between Rd Continuous and MPT arms. The efficacy results are summarized in the table below. PFS was significantly longer with Rd Continuous than MPT: HR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61-0.85 p < 0.0001). A lower percentage of subjects in the Rd Continuous arm compared with the MPT arm had PFS events (52% versus 61%, respectively). The improvement in median PFS time in the Rd Continuous arm compared with the MPT arm was 4.3 months. The myeloma response rate was higher with Rd Continuous compared with MPT (75.1% versus 62.3%); with a complete response in 15.1% of Rd Continuous arm patients versus 9.3% in the MPT arm. The median time to first response was 1.8 months in the Rd Continuous arm versus 2.8 months in the MPT arm.

For the interim OS analysis with 03 March 2014 data cutoff, the median follow-up time for all surviving patients is 45.5 months, with 697 death events, representing 78% of prespecified events required for the planned final OS analysis (697/896 of the final OS events). The observed OS HR was 0.75 for Rd Continuous versus MPT (95% CI = 0.62, 0.90).

Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival Based on IRAC Assessment (ITT MM Population) Between Arms Rd Continuous, Rd18 and MPT Cutoff date: 24 May 2013 - image 08

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials - Maintenance Following Auto-Hsct

Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide capsule maintenance therapy in the treatment of MM patients after auto-HSCT. In Maintenance Study 1, patients between 18 and 70 years of age who had undergone induction therapy followed by auto-HSCT were eligible. Induction therapy must have occurred within 12 months. Within 90-100 days after auto-HSCT, patients with at least a stable disease response were randomized 1:1 to receive either lenalidomide capsules or placebo maintenance. In Maintenance Study 2, patients aged < 65 years at diagnosis who had undergone induction therapy followed by auto-HSCT and had achieved at least a stable disease response at the time of hematologic recovery were eligible. Within 6 months after auto-HSCT, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either lenalidomide capsules or placebo maintenance. Patients eligible for both trials had to have CLcr ≥ 30 mL/minute.

In both studies, the lenalidomide capsule maintenance dose was 10 mg once daily on days 1-28 of repeated 28-day cycles, could be increased to 15 mg once daily after 3 months in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity, and treatment was to be continued until disease progression or patient withdrawal for another reason. The dose was reduced, or treatment was temporarily interrupted or stopped, as needed to manage toxicity. A dose increase to 15 mg once daily occurred in 135 patients (58%) in Maintenance Study 1, and in 185 patients (60%) in Maintenance Study 2.

The demographics and disease-related baseline characteristics of the patients were similar across the two studies and reflected a typical MM population after auto-HSCT (see Table 14).

The major efficacy endpoint of both studies was PFS defined from randomization to the date of progression or death, whichever occurred first; the individual studies were not powered for an overall survival endpoint. Both studies were unblinded upon the recommendations of their respective data monitoring committees and after surpassing the respective thresholds for preplanned interim analyses of PFS. After unblinding, patients continued to be followed as before. Patients in the placebo arm of Maintenance Study 1 were allowed to cross over to receive lenalidomide capsules before disease progression (76 patients [33%] crossed over to lenalidomide capsules); patients in Maintenance Study 2 were not recommended to cross over. The efficacy results are summarized in the following table. In both studies, the primary analysis of PFS at unblinding was significantly longer with lenalidomide capsules compared to placebo: Maintenance Study 1 HR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.27-0.54 p < 0.001) and Maintenance Study 2 HR 0.50 (95% CI: 0.39-0.64 p < 0.001). For both studies, PFS was updated with a cutoff date of 1 March 2015 as shown in the table and the following Kaplan Meier graphs. With longer follow-up (median 72.4 and 86.0 months, respectively), the updated PFS analyses for both studies continue to show a PFS advantage for lenalidomide capsules compared to placebo: Maintenance Study 1 HR 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28-0.50) with median PFS of 68.6 months and Maintenance Study 2 HR 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44-0.64) with median PFS of 46.3 months.

Descriptive analysis of OS data with a cutoff date of 1 February 2016 are provided in Table 15. Median follow-up time was 81.6 and 96.7 months for Maintenance Study 1 and Maintenance Study 2, respectively. Median OS was 111.0 and 84.2 months for lenalidomide capsules and placebo, respectively, for Maintenance Study 1, and 105.9 and 88.1 months, for lenalidomide capsules and placebo, respectively, for Maintenance Study 2.

Kaplan-Meier Curves of Progression-free Survival from Randomization (ITT Post-Auto-HSCT Population) in MM Maintenance Study 1 Between Lenalidomide Capsules and Placebo Arms (Updated Cutoff Date 1 March 2015) - image 12

Auto-HSCT = autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; ITT = intent-to-treat; KM = Kaplan-Meier; PFS = progression-free survival; vs = versus.

Auto-HSCT = autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; ITT = intent-to-treat; KM = Kaplan-Meier; NE = not estimable; PFS = progression-free survival; vs = versus.

Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Studies In Patients With Mm After At Least One Prior Therapy

Two randomized studies (Studies 1 and 2) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide capsules. These multicenter, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies compared lenalidomide capsules plus oral pulse high-dose dexamethasone therapy to dexamethasone therapy alone in patients with MM who had received at least one prior treatment. These studies enrolled patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) ≥ 1,000/mm³, platelet counts ≥ 75,000/mm³, serum creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL, serum SGOT/AST or SGPT/ALT ≤ 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and serum direct bilirubin ≤ 2 mg/dL.

In both studies, patients in the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group took 25 mg of lenalidomide capsules orally once daily on Days 1 to 21 and a matching placebo capsule once daily on Days 22 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in the placebo/dexamethasone group took 1 placebo capsule on Days 1 to 28 of each 28-day cycle. Patients in both treatment groups took 40 mg of dexamethasone orally once daily on Days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 of each 28-day cycle for the first 4 cycles of therapy.

The dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 40 mg orally once daily on Days 1 to 4 of each 28-day cycle after the first 4 cycles of therapy. In both studies, treatment was to continue until disease progression.

In both studies, dose adjustments were allowed based on clinical and laboratory findings. Sequential dose reductions to 15 mg daily, 10 mg daily and 5 mg daily were allowed for toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

Table 16 summarizes the baseline patient and disease characteristics in the two studies. In both studies, baseline demographic and disease-related characteristics were comparable between the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone and placebo/dexamethasone groups.

The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies was time to progression (TTP). TTP was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of progressive disease.

Preplanned interim analyses of both studies showed that the combination of lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone was significantly superior to dexamethasone alone for TTP. The studies were unblinded to allow patients in the placebo/dexamethasone group to receive treatment with the lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone combination. For both studies, the extended follow-up survival data with crossovers were analyzed. In study 1, the median survival time was 39.4 months (95% CI: 32.9, 47.4) in lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group and 31.6 months (95% CI: 24.1, 40.9) in placebo/dexamethasone group, with a hazard ratio of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61-1.03). In study 2, the median survival time was 37.5 months (95% CI: 29.9, 46.6) in lenalidomide capsules/dexamethasone group and 30.8 months (95% CI: 23.5, 40.3) in placebo/dexamethasone group, with a hazard ratio of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.65-1.14).