FDA Label for Tranylcypromine

Other

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric and young adult patients in short-term studies. Closely monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for clinical worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Tranylcypromine tablets are not approved for use in pediatric patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)] .

Hypertensive Crisis with Significant Tyramine Use

Excessive consumption of foods or beverages with significant tyramine content or the use of certain drugs with tranylcypromine tablets or after tranylcypromine tablets discontinuation can precipitate hypertensive crisis. Monitor blood pressure and allow for medication-free intervals between administration of tranylcypromine tablets and interacting drugs. Instruct patients to avoid ingestion of foods and beverages with high tyramine content [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)] .

Switching from Contraindicated Antidepressants to Tranylcypromine Tablets

After stopping treatment with contraindicated antidepressants, a time period of 4 to 5 half-lives of the other antidepressant or any active metabolite should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. After stopping treatment with an MAO inhibitor antidepressant, a time period of at least one week or 4 to 5 half-lives of the other MAO inhibitor (whichever is longer) should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets to reduce the risk of additive effects [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .

Switching from tranylcypromine tablets to Other MAOIs or Contraindicated Antidepressants

After stopping tranylcypromine tablets treatment, at least one week should elapse before starting another MAOI (intended to treat MDD) or other contraindicated antidepressants. Refer to the prescribing information of the subsequently used drug for product-specific advice on a medication-free interval [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .

Hypertensive Crisis

MAOIs, including tranylcypromine tablets, have been associated with hypertensive crises caused by the ingestion of foods or beverages with a high concentration of tyramine. In addition, hypertensive reactions and crises may occur with concomitant use of other drugs [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Patients with hyperthyroidism may be at greater risk of hypertensive crisis.

Signs, Symptoms, and Complications of Hypertensive Crisis: In some patients a hypertensive crisis constitutes a hypertensive emergency, which requires immediate attention to prevent serious complications or fatal outcome. These emergencies are characterized by severe hypertension (e.g., with a blood pressure of more than 180/120 mm Hg) and evidence of organ dysfunction. Symptoms may include occipital headache (which may radiate frontally), palpitations, neck stiffness or soreness, nausea or vomiting, sweating (sometimes with fever or cold, clammy skin), dilated pupils, photophobia, shortness of breath, or confusion. Either tachycardia or bradycardia may be present and may be associated with constricting chest pain. Seizures may also occur. Intracranial bleeding, sometimes fatal, has been reported in association with the increase in blood pressure.

Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Hypertensive Crisis: Instruct patients to avoid foods and beverages with high tyramine content while being treated with tranylcypromine tablets and for 2 weeks after stopping tranylcypromine tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.2)] . Careful evaluation of the benefits and risks of tranylcypromine tablets therapy is necessary in patients with:

• Hypertension or confirmed or suspected cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorders that constitute an increased risk for complications from severe hypertension, and
• A history of headaches that can mask the occurrence of headaches as prodromal of a hypertensive crisis.

In all patients taking tranylcypromine tablets, monitor blood pressure closely to detect evidence of increased blood pressure. Full reliance should not be placed on blood pressure readings. The patient should also be observed for other signs and symptoms of hypertensive crisis.

Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis: Therapy should be interrupted with symptoms that may be prodromal or a manifestation of a hypertensive crisis, such as palpitations or headaches, and patients should be evaluated immediately. Discontinue tranylcypromine tablets, other drugs, foods or beverages suspected to contribute to the hypertensive crisis immediately [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)] .

Patients with severe elevations in blood pressure (e.g., more than 180/120 mm Hg) with evidence of organ dysfunction require immediate blood pressure reduction. Fever should be managed by means of external cooling. However, additional measures to control the causes of hyperthermia (psychomotor agitation, increased neuromuscular activity, persistent seizures) may be required.

Hypertension

Clinically significant increases in blood pressure have also been reported after the administration of MAOIs, including tranylcypromine tablets, in patients not ingesting tyramine-rich foods or beverages. Assess blood pressure before prescribing tranylcypromine tablets and closely monitor blood pressure in all patients taking tranylcypromine tablets.

Time to Start Tranylcypromine Tablets after Discontinuation of a Contraindicated Drug

For products that are contraindicated with tranylcypromine tablets, a time period of 4 to 5 half-lives of the other product or any active metabolite should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. After stopping treatment with an MAO inhibitor antidepressant, a time period of at least 1 week or 4 to 5 half-lives of the other MAO inhibitor (whichever is longer) should elapse before starting treatment with tranylcypromine tablets because of the risk for clinically significant adverse reactions after discontinuation due to persistent MAO inhibition [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] . This period can be several weeks long (e.g., a minimum of 5 weeks for fluoxetine given fluoxetine's long half-life). Refer to the prescribing information of the contraindicated product for relevant information.

Time to Start Contraindicated Drug after Discontinuation of Tranylcypromine Tablets

The potential for interactions persists after discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets until MAO activity has sufficiently recovered. Inhibition of MAO may persist up to 10 days following discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] . After stopping tranylcypromine tablets, at least 1 week should elapse before starting another MAOI (intended to treat MDD) or other contraindicated antidepressants. Refer to the prescribing information of any agent considered for subsequent use for recommendations on the duration of a waiting period after discontinuation of a MAO inhibitor.

If in the absence of therapeutic alternatives and emergency treatment with a contraindicated drug (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs such as epinephrine) becomes necessary and cannot be delayed, discontinue tranylcypromine tablets as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other agent, and monitor closely for adverse reactions.

Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Drug Classes

Some drugs in these groups may also be listed in Table 4 below.

Product	Clinical Comment on Concomitant Use [See Contraindications (4.1)] ;	Predominant Effect/Risk [Hypertensive Reaction (HR) [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] ; or Serotonin Syndrome (SS) [See Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] ]
Agents with blood pressure-reducing effects	Use with caution If not otherwise specified in this table, consider avoiding concomitant use (see also information on medication-free intervals, use agent at the lowest appropriate dosage, monitor for effects of the interaction, advise the patient to report potential effects).	Hypotension [See Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] ;
Non-selective H1 receptor antagonists	Contraindicated	Increased anticholinergic effects
Beta-adrenergic blockers (see also agents or procedures with blood pressure-reducing effects)	Use with caution	More pronounced bradycardia, postural hypotension
Blood glucose-lowering agents	Dosage reduction of such agents may be necessary. Monitor blood glucose.	Excessive reduction of blood glucose (additive effect) [See Warnings and Precautions (5.14)] ;
CNS depressant agents (including opioids, alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics)	Use with caution	Increased CNS depression
Dietary supplements containing sympathomimetics	Contraindicated
Antidepressants including but not limited to: Other MAOIs (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, selective MAOIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Tricyclic antidepressants Amoxapine, bupropion, maprotiline, nefazodone, trazodone, vilazodone, vortioxetine	Contraindicated	SS for all antidepressants For MAOIs, increased MAO inhibition and risk of adverse reactions, SS, and HR [See Overdosage (10.1)]
Amphetamines and methylphenidates and derivatives	Contraindicated	HR
Sympathomimetic drugs Sympathomimetic drugs include amphetamines as well as cold, hay fever or weight-reducing products that contain vasoconstrictors such as pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and ephedrine)	Contraindicated	HR; Including risk of intracerebral hemorrhage
Triptans	Contraindicated	SS

Table 4: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Individual Products

Some drugs in this table may also belong to groups listed in Table 3 above, and may be associated with additional interactions.

Product	Clinical Comment on Concomitant Use [See Contraindications (4.1)] ;	Predominant Effect/Risk [Hypertensive Reaction (HR) [See Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] ; or Serotonin Syndrome (SS) [See Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] ]
Altretamine	Use with caution If not otherwise specified in this table, consider avoiding concomitant use (see also information on medication-free intervals , use agent at the lowest appropriate dose, monitor for effects of the interaction, advise the patient to report potential effects, and be prepared to discontinue the agent and treat effects of the interaction	Orthostatic hypotension [See Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
Buspirone	Contraindicated	HR
Carbamazepine	Contraindicated	SS
Chlorpromazine	Use with caution	Hypotensive effects
Cyclobenzaprine	Contraindicated	SS
Dextromethorphan	Contraindicated	SS; Psychosis, bizarre behavior
Dopamine	Contraindicated	HR
Droperidol	Use with caution	QT interval prolongation
Entacapone	Use with caution	HR
Fentanyl	Use with caution	SS
Hydroxytryptophan	Contraindicated	SS
Levodopa	Contraindicated	HR
Lithium	Use with caution	SS
Meperidine	Contraindicated	SS
Methadone	Use with caution	SS
Methyldopa	Contraindicated	HR
Metoclopramide	Use with caution	HR/SS
Mirtazapine	Contraindicated	SS
Oxcarbazepine	Use with caution because of close structural relationship with tricyclic antidepressants	SS
Rasagiline	Contraindicated	HR
Reserpine	Contraindicated	HR
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e)	Contraindicated	SS
Tapentadol	Contraindicated	HR/SS
Tetrabenazine	Contraindicated	HR
Tolcapone	Use with caution	HR
Tramadol	Use with caution	SS; Increased seizure risk
Tryptophan	Contraindicated	SS

Risk Summary

There are limited published reports of placental infarction and congenital anomalies in association with use of tranylcypromine tablets during pregnancy; however, these reports may not adequately inform the presence or absence of drug-associated risk with the use of tranylcypromine tablets during pregnancy. In the U.S. general population, the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Animal embryo-fetal development studies were not conducted with tranylcypromine; however, published animal reproduction studies report placental transfer of tranylcypromine in rats and a dose-dependent decrease in uterine blood flow in pregnant sheep. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

Clinical Considerations

Labor or Delivery

During labor and delivery, the potential for interactions between tranylcypromine tablets and drugs or procedures (e.g., epidural anesthesia) should be taken into account in women who have received tranylcypromine tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .

Risk Summary

Tranylcypromine is present in human milk. There is no available information on the effects of tranylcypromine on milk production. There is no available information on the effects of tranylcypromine on a breastfed child; however, because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed infant, advise nursing women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with tranylcypromine tablets.

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors

Advise patients and caregivers to look for the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially early during treatment and when the dosage is adjusted up or down [see Box Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] .

Hypertensive Crisis

Advise the patient on possible symptoms and instruct the patient to seek immediate medical attention if related signs or symptoms are present [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]

Serotonin Syndrome

Advise the patient on possible symptoms, and explain the potentially fatal nature of serotonin syndrome and that it may result from an interaction with other serotonergic drugs. Instruct the patient to seek immediate medical attention if related signs or symptoms are present [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]

Interaction with Other Drugs and Dietary Supplements [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.1)]

• Warn the patient not to take concomitant medications, whether prescription or over-the-counter drugs, or dietary supplements without prior consultation with a health care provider able to provide advice on the potential for interactions.
• Explain to the patient that some other drugs may require a medication-free interval even after discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets.
• Advise the patient to inform other physicians, pharmacists, and dentists about the treatment with tranylcypromine tablets.

Interaction with Foods and Beverages [see Contraindications (4.1) and Drug Interactions (7.2)]

• Warn the patient to avoid tyramine-rich foods and beverages.
• Advise the patient to avoid eating foods if storage conditions or freshness is unknown and to be cautious of foods of unknown age or composition even if refrigerated.

Hypotension

Advise the patient to report any symptoms of hypotension in the initial phase of treatment to the healthcare provider, because occurrence of such symptoms may require discontinuation [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] .

Withdrawal Symptoms

Warn the patient not to stop tranylcypromine tablets treatment abruptly, as withdrawal symptoms may occur and that the effect of tranylcypromine tablets may continue even after discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8, 5.9)] .

Aggravation of Coexisting Symptoms of Depression

Inform the patient that tranylcypromine tablets may aggravate coexisting symptoms in depression, such as anxiety and agitation and instruct them to contact their healthcare provider if they experience such symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)] .

Effects on Ability to Drive or Use Machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]

• Warn the patient about the possible adverse reactions that can impair the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery.
• Tell the patient not to operate hazardous machinery and automobiles until they are reasonably certain that their ability to engage in such activities is not impaired.

Manufactured by:
Rivopharm SA
6928, Manno, Switzerland

Distributed by:Lannett Company, Inc.Philadelphia, PA 19136

L7151

Rev. 03/2020

1 Indications And Usage

Tranylcypromine tablets are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adult patients who have not responded adequately to other antidepressants. Tranylcypromine tablets are not indicated for the initial treatment of MDD due to the potential for serious adverse reactions and drug interactions, and the need for dietary restrictions [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5), and Drug Interactions (7)] .

2.1 Recommended Dosage

Tranylcypromine tablets are for oral use. The recommended dosage is 30 mg per day (in divided doses). If patients do not have an adequate response, increase the dosage in increments of 10 mg per day every 1 to 3 weeks to a maximum 30 mg twice daily (60 mg per day). Dosage increases should be made more gradually in patients at risk for hypotension (e.g., geriatric patients) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] .

2.3 Discontinuing Treatment

Withdrawal effects, including delirium, have been reported with abrupt discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets therapy. Higher daily doses and longer duration of use appear to be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal effects. Consider discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets therapy by slow, gradual dosage reduction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .

2.4 Screen For Bipolar Disorder And Elevated Blood Pressure Prior To Starting Tranylcypromine Tablets

Prior to initiating treatment with tranylcypromine tablets:

• Screen patients for a history of mania [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] .
• Measure blood pressure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.5)] .

3 Dosage Forms And Strengths

Tablets containing tranylcypromine sulfate equivalent to 10 mg tranylcypromine are round, red, film-coated, and debossed on one side with "10" and plain on the other side.

4.1 Combination With Certain Drugs

Concomitant use of tranylcypromine tablets or use in rapid succession with the products in Table 1 is contraindicated. Such use may cause severe or life-threatening reactions such as hypertensive crises or serotonin syndrome [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Medication-free periods between administration of tranylcypromine tablets and contraindicated agents are recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] .

4.2 Pheochromocytoma And Catecholamine-Releasing Paragangliomas

Tranylcypromine tablets are contraindicated in the presence of pheochromocytoma or other catecholamine-releasing paragangliomas because such tumors secrete pressor substances and can lead to hypertensive crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] .

5.1 Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors In Adolescents And Young Adults

In pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and other antidepressant classes) that included approximately 77,000 adult patients and 4,500 pediatric patients, the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in antidepressant-treated patients age 24 years and younger was greater than in placebo-treated patients. There was considerable variation in risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among drugs, but there was an increased risk identified in young patients for most drugs studied. There were differences in absolute risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors across the different indications, with the highest incidence in patients with MDD. The drug-placebo differences in the number of cases of suicidal thoughts and behaviors per 1000 patients treated are provided in Table 2.

It is unknown whether the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond four months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with MDD that antidepressants delay the recurrence of depression and that depression itself is a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for any indication for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of drug therapy, and at times of dosage changes. Counsel family members or caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Consider changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

5.3 Serotonin Syndrome

The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome has been reported with MAOIs when used concomitantly with other serotonergic drugs. Such drugs include SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, triptans, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John's wort, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), and other MAOIs used to treat nonpsychiatric disorders (such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue).

Manifestations of the serotonin syndrome may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia; with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Fatal outcome of serotonin syndrome has been reported, including in patients who had been treated with tranylcypromine tablets. In some cases of an interaction between tranylcypromine tablets and SSRIs or SNRIs, the features of the syndrome resembled neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The concomitant use, or use in rapid succession, of tranylcypromine tablets with other serotonergic drugs is contraindicated. However, there may be circumstances when treatment with other serotonergic substances (such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue) is necessary and cannot be delayed. In such cases, tranylcypromine tablets must be discontinued as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other agent.

Treatment with tranylcypromine tablets and any concomitant serotonergic agents should be discontinued immediately if the above events occur, and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.

5.4 Activation Of Mania Or Hypomania

In patients with bipolar disorder, treating a depressive episode with tranylcypromine tablets or another antidepressant may precipitate a mixed/manic episode. Prior to initiating treatment with tranylcypromine tablets, screen patients for any personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania.

5.5 Hypotension

Hypotension, including postural hypotension, has been observed during therapy with tranylcypromine tablets. At doses above 30 mg daily, postural hypotension is a major adverse reaction and may result in syncope. Symptoms of postural hypotension are seen most commonly, but not exclusively, in patients with pre-existing hypertension. Blood pressure usually returns rapidly to pretreatment levels upon discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets.

Dosage increases should be made more gradually in patients with a tendency toward hypotension and/or postural hypotension (e.g., elderly patients) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)] . Such patients should be closely observed for postural changes in blood pressure throughout treatment. Also, when tranylcypromine tablets are used concomitantly with other agents known to cause hypotension, the possibility of additive hypotensive effects should be considered [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] . Postural hypotension may be relieved by having patients lie down until blood pressure returns to normal.

5.6 Hypotension And Hypertension During Anesthesia And Perioperative Care

It is recommended that tranylcypromine tablets be discontinued at least 10 days prior to elective surgery. If this is not possible, for general anesthesia, regional and local anesthesia, and perioperative care avoid the use of agents that are contraindicated for concomitant use with tranylcypromine tablets. Carefully consider the risk of agents and techniques that increase the risk for hypotension (e.g., epidural or spinal anesthesia) or other adverse reactions to tranylcypromine tablets (e.g., hypertension associated with the use of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetics).

5.7 Need For Emergency Treatment With Contraindicated Drugs

If in the absence of therapeutic alternatives emergency treatment with a contraindicated product (e.g., linezolid, intravenous methylene blue, direct-acting sympathomimetic drugs such as epinephrine) becomes necessary and cannot be delayed, discontinue tranylcypromine tablets as soon as possible before initiating treatment with the other product and monitor closely for adverse reactions [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] .

5.8 Discontinuation Syndrome

Abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction of tranylcypromine tablets has been associated with the appearance of new symptoms that include dizziness, nausea, headache, irritability, insomnia, diarrhea, anxiety, fatigue, abnormal dreams, and hyperhidrosis. In general, discontinuation events occurred more frequently with longer duration of therapy.

There have been spontaneous reports of adverse reactions occurring upon discontinuation of MAOIs, particularly when abrupt, including dysphoric mood, irritability, agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances (e.g. paresthesia, such as electric shock sensations), anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia, hypomania, tinnitus, and seizures. While these reactions are generally self-limiting, there have been reports of prolonged discontinuation symptoms.

Patients should be monitored for these symptoms when discontinuing treatment with tranylcypromine tablets. A gradual reduction in the dose rather than abrupt cessation is recommended whenever possible [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Adverse Reactions (6)] .

5.9 Risk Of Clinically Significant Adverse Reactions Due To Persistence Of Mao Inhibition After Discontinuation

Although excretion of tranylcypromine tablets are rapid, inhibition of MAO may persist up to 10 days following discontinuation. This should be taken into account when considering the use of potentially interacting substances or the consumption of tyramine-rich food or beverages [see Drug Interactions (7.2)] , or when interpreting adverse reactions observed after discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets. Care should be taken to differentiate symptoms of persistent MAO inhibition from withdrawal symptoms [see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .

5.10 Hepatotoxicity

Hepatitis and elevated aminotransferases have been reported in association with tranylcypromine tablets administration. Patients should be monitored accordingly. Tranylcypromine tablets should be discontinued in patients who develop signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity.

Sedation has occurred in tranylcypromine tablets-treated patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis receiving tranylcypromine tablets should be monitored for possible increased risks of central nervous system adverse reactions, such as excessive drowsiness.

5.11 Seizures

Seizures have been reported with tranylcypromine tablets withdrawal after abuse, and with overdose. Patients at risk for seizures should be monitored accordingly.

5.12 Hypoglycemia In Diabetic Patients

Some MAOIs have contributed to hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients receiving insulin or other blood-glucose-lowering agents. Monitor blood glucose in patients receiving both tranylcypromine tablets and blood-glucose-lowering agents. A reduction of the dosage of such agents may be necessary [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

5.13 Aggravation Of Coexisting Symptoms Of Depression

Tranylcypromine tablets may aggravate coexisting symptoms in depression, such as anxiety and agitation.

5.14 Adverse Effects On The Ability To Drive And Operate Machinery

Some tranylcypromine tablets adverse reactions (e.g., hypotension, faintness, drowsiness, confusion, disorientation) can impair a patient's ability to operate machinery or use an automobile. Patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that tranylcypromine tablets therapy does not impair their ability to engage in such activities.

6 Adverse Reactions

The following adverse reactions are described in greater detail in other sections:

• Suicidal thoughts and behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Hypertensive crisis and hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
• Serotonin syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
• Activation of mania/hypomania [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
• Hypotension and hypertension during anesthesia and perioperative care [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]
• Discontinuation syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]
• Persistence of MAO inhibition after discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)]
• Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)]
• Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)]
• Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12)]
• Aggravation of coexisting symptoms of depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13)]
• Adverse effects on the ability to drive and operate machinery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)]

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Based on clinical trial data, the most common adverse reactions to tranylcypromine were dry mouth, dizziness, insomnia, sedation, and headache (>30%) and overexcitement, constipation, blurred vision, and tremor (>10%).

The following adverse reactions have been identified in clinical trials or during postapproval use of tranylcypromine tablets:

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

Endocrine disorders: impaired water excretion compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: significant anorexia, weight gain

Psychiatric disorders: excessive stimulation/overexcitement, manic symptoms/hypomania, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, loss of libido

Nervous system disorders: dizziness, restlessness/akathisia, akinesia, ataxia, myoclonic jerks, tremor, hyperreflexia, muscle spasm, paresthesia, numbness, memory loss, sedation, drowsiness, dysgeusia, headaches (without blood pressure elevation)

Eye disorders: blurred vision, nystagmus

Ear and labyrinth disorders: tinnitus

Cardiac disorders: tachycardia, palpitations

Vascular disorders: hypertensive crisis, hypertension, hypotension (including postural hypotension with syncope)

Gastrointestinal disorders: diarrhea, constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, fissuring in corner of mouth

Hepatobiliary disorders: hepatitis, elevated aminotransferases

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: localized scleroderma, flare-up of cystic acne, urticaria, rash, alopecia, sweating

Renal and urinary disorders: urinary retention, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency

Reproductive system and breast disorders: impotence, delayed ejaculation

General disorders and administration site conditions: edema, chills, weakness, fatigue/lethargy

7.1 Clinically-Significant Drug Interactions

Tables 3 and 4 lists drug classes and individual products, respectively, with a potential for interaction with tranylcypromine tablets, describes the predominant observed or anticipated risks, and provides advice on concomitant use. Given serious adverse reactions with multiple agents, patients should avoid taking over-the-counter medications or dietary supplements without prior consultation with a healthcare provider able to provide advice on the potential for interactions.

7.2 Tyramine-Containing Foods And Beverages

Tranylcypromine tablets inhibits intestinal MAO, which is responsible for the catabolism of tyramine in food and beverages. As a result of this inhibition, large amounts of tyramine may enter the systemic circulation and precipitate a sudden elevation in blood pressure or hypertensive crisis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] . Instruct tranylcypromine tablets-treated patients to avoid foods and beverages with significant tyramine content during treatment with tranylcypromine tablets or within 2 weeks of stopping treatment (see Table 5 for a list of food and beverages containing significant amounts of tyramine).

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of tranylcypromine tablets in the pediatric population have not been established. All risks associated with the use of tranylcypromine tablets, including the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior, apply to adults and pediatric patients [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5)] .

8.5 Geriatric Use

Older patients may be at greater risk of postural hypotension and other serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5)] . In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

9.2 Abuse

Abuse of tranylcypromine tablets has been reported. Some of these patients had a history of previous substance abuse.

The potential for abuse and the increased risk of serious adverse reactions with higher doses should be taken into account when considering the use of tranylcypromine tablets for patients at increased risk for substance abuse.

9.3 Dependence

Dependence, evidenced by precipitation of withdrawal effects following abrupt discontinuation of tranylcypromine tablets has been reported. Reported withdrawal effects included delirium (even with low daily doses), restlessness, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, headache, weakness, diarrhea, and/or rapid relapse into depression. Thrombocytopenia and liver enzyme increases have also been observed in association with tranylcypromine tablets withdrawal from high doses [see Overdosage (10.1)]

Withdrawal effects have appeared within 1 to 3 days of discontinuation and have persisted for several weeks after discontinuation. The use of daily doses greater than recommended and longer duration of use appear to be associated with a higher risk of withdrawal effects.

Monitor for withdrawal effects for at least 1 week after discontinuation. Consider discontinuing tranylcypromine tablets therapy by slow, gradual dose reduction [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)] .

10.1 Overdosage Symptoms, Signs, And Laboratory Abnormalities

Overdose of tranylcypromine tablets can cause the adverse reactions generally associated with tranylcypromine tablets administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5), Adverse Reactions (6) and Drug Interactions (7.1)] . However, these reactions may be more severe, including fatal reactions. Effects reported with overdosage of tranylcypromine tablets and/or other MAOIs include:

• Insomnia, restlessness, and anxiety, progressing in severe cases to agitation, mental confusion, and incoherence; delirium; seizures
• Hypotension, dizziness, weakness, and drowsiness, progressing in severe cases to extreme dizziness and shock
• Hypertension with severe headache and other symptoms/complications
• Twitching or myoclonic fibrillation of skeletal muscles, with hyperpyrexia, sometimes progressing to generalized rigidity and coma

10.2 Overdosage Management

There are no specific antidotes for tranylcypromine tablets. For current information on the management of poisoning or overdosage, contact a poison control center at 1-800-222-1222.

Abrupt withdrawal of tranylcypromine tablets following overdosage can precipitate withdrawal symptoms, including delirium [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) and Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3)] .

Medical management should normally consist of general supportive measures, close observation of vital signs, and steps to counteract specific manifestations as they occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5)] .The toxic effects of tranylcypromine tablets may be delayed or prolonged following the last dose of the drug [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)] . Therefore, the patient should be closely observed for at least 1 week.

Data on the dialyzability of tranylcypromine are lacking.

11 Description

Tranylcypromine sulfate, the active ingredient of Tranylcypromine Tablets, USP, is a non-hydrazine MAOI. The chemical name is (±)- trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine sulfate (2:1). The molecular formula is (C ₉H ₁₁N) ₂∙H ₂SO ₄ and its molecular weight is 364.46. The structural formula is:

Chemical Structure - tranylcypromine 01

Tranylcypromine film-coated tablets are intended for oral administration. Each round, red tablet is debossed on one side with "10" and plain on the other side, and contains tranylcypromine sulfate equivalent to 10 mg of tranylcypromine.

Inactive ingredients consist of microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, talc, FD&C Red No. 40-Aluminum Lake, titanium dioxide, and carmine.

12.1 Mechanism Of Action

The mechanism of action of tranylcypromine tablets as an antidepressant is not fully understood, but is presumed to be linked to potentiation of monoamine neurotransmitter activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its irreversible inhibition of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Although tranylcypromine is eliminated in 24 hours, recovery MAO activity takes up to 3 to 5 days [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] .

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

No carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or fertility impairment studies were conducted.

16 How Supplied/Storage And Handling

Tranylcypromine Tablets, USP are available as round, red, film-coated tablets debossed with "10" on one side and plain on the other side, containing tranylcypromine sulfate equivalent to 10 mg of tranylcypromine. They are supplied in bottles of 100 tablets with a desiccant.

• 10 mg, bottles of 100 tablets: NDC 0527-3010-37

Storage And Handling

Store between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F).  [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container.

17 Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).

Spl Medguide