FDA Label for Podofilox

Description

Podofilox is an antimitotic drug which can be chemically synthesized or purified from the plant families Coniferae and Berberidaceae (e.g. species of Juniperus and Podophyllum).Podofilox gel is formulated for topical administration. Each gram of gel contains 5 mg of podofilox in a buffered alcoholic gel containing alcohol (81% v/v), butylated hydroxytoluene, glycerin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, lactic acid, and sodium lactate.

Podofilox has a molecular weight of 414.4 daltons, and is soluble in alcohol and sparingly soluble in water. Its chemical name is [5R,-(5α, 5aβ, 8aα, 9α]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-9-hydroxy- 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho-[2,3,-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one.

Podofilox has the following structural formula:

podofilox-structure-07-19 - podofilox structure 07 19

Clinical Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Treatment of anogenital warts with podofilox results in necrosis of visible wart tissue. The exact mechanism of action is unknown.

Pharmacokinetics

In systemic absorption studies in 52 patients, topical application of 0.05 mL of an ethanolic solution containing 0.5% podofilox to external genitalia did not result in detectable serum levels. Applications of 0.1 to 1.5 mL resulted in peak serum levels of 1 to 17 ng/mL one to two hours after application. The elimination half-life ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 hours. The drug was not found to accumulate after multiple treatments¹.

Clinical Studies

In the first multicenter clinical study in 326 patients with anogenital warts, podofilox gel and its vehicle were applied in a double-blind fashion to comparable patient groups. Of the 260 patients with efficacy data, 176 were treated with podofilox gel. Patients applied podofilox gel twice daily for three consecutive days followed by a 4 day “rest” period.

At the end of 4 weeks, 38.4% of the patients had complete clearing of the wart tissue when treated with podofilox gel.

In the second multicenter clinical trial in 108 evaluable patients with anogenital warts, podofilox topical solution was compared with podofilox gel for efficacy. As in the first clinical trial, patients applied podofilox gel twice daily for three consecutive days followed by a four day “rest” period.

Similar clearance rates were observed. At the end of 4 weeks, 25.6% of the patients had complete clearing of the wart tissue when treated with podofilox gel.

Indications And Usage

Podofilox gel is indicated for the topical treatment of anogenital warts (external genital warts and perianal warts). This product is not indicated in the treatment of mucous membrane warts (see PRECAUTIONS).

Diagnosis

Although anogenital warts have a characteristic appearance, histopathologic confirmation should be obtained if there is any doubt of the diagnosis. Differentiating warts from squamous cell carcinoma and "Bowenoid papulosis" is of particular concern. Squamous cell carcinoma may also be associated with human papillomavirus which should not be treated with podofilox gel.

Contraindications

Podofilox gel is contraindicated for patients who develop hypersensitivity or intolerance to any components of the formulation.

Warnings

Correct diagnosis of the lesions to be treated is essential. See the Diagnosis subsection of the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section. Podofilox gel is intended for cutaneous use only. Avoid contact with the eyes. If contact with the eyes occurs, patients should immediately flush the eyes with copious quantities of water and seek medical advice.

Drug Product is Flammable.

Keep Away from Open Flame.

General

Data are not available on the safe and effective use of this product for treatment of warts occurring on mucous membranes of the genital area (including the urethra, rectum and vagina). The recommended method of application, frequency of application, and duration of usage should not be exceeded (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Information For Patients

Patients using podofilox gel should receive the following information and instructions. This information is intended to aid in the safe and effective use of this medication. It is not intended to disclose all possible adverse or intended effects.

1) This medication should be used only as directed by the health care provider. Patients should be instructed to wash their hands thoroughly before and after each application. It is for external use only. Avoid contact with the eyes.

2) Patients should be advised not to use this medication for any disorder other than for which it was prescribed.

3) Patients should report any signs of adverse reactions to the health care provider.

4) If no improvement is observed after 4 weeks of treatment, discontinue the medication and consult the health care provider.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis And Impairment Of Fertility

An 80-week carcinogenicity study in the mouse was performed using a 0.5% podofilox solution applied dermally at 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day. There were no differences between the podofilox treated mice at any dose level and vehicle control in the incidence of neoplasia. Published animal studies, in general, have not shown the drug substance, podofilox, to be carcinogenic.^2,3,4,5,6 There are published reports that, in mouse studies, crude podophyllin resin (containing podofilox) applied topically to the cervix produced changes resembling carcinoma in situ.⁷ These changes were reversible at five weeks after cessation of treatment. In one reported experiment, epidermal carcinoma of the vagina and cervix was found in 1 out of 18 mice after 120 applications of podophyllin⁸ (the drug was applied twice weekly over a 15-month period).

Podofilox was not mutagenic in the Ames plate reverse mutation assay at concentrations up to 5 mg/plate, with and without metabolic activation. No cell transformation related to potential oncogenicity was observed in BALB/3T3 cells after exposure to podofilox at concentrations up to 0.008 mcg/mL, without metabolic activation and 12 mcg/mL podofilox with metabolic activation. Results from the mouse micronucleus in vivo assay using podofilox 0.5% solution at doses up to 25 mg/kg (75 mg/m²), indicate that podofilox should be considered a potential clastogen (a chemical that induces disruption and breakage of chromosomes).

Daily topical application of 0.5% podofilox solution at doses up to the equivalent of 0.2 mg/kg (1.18 mg/m², approximately equivalent to the human daily dose) to rats throughout gametogenesis, mating, gestation, parturition and lactation for two generations demonstrated no impairment of fertility.

Pregnancy

0.5% podofilox solution was not teratogenic in the rabbit following topical application of up to 0.21 mg/kg (2.85 mg/m², approximately 2 times the maximum human dose) once daily for 13 days. The scientific literature contains references that podofilox is embryotoxic in rats when administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg (29.5 mg/m², approximately 19 times the recommended maximum human dose.)⁹ Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity have not been studied with intravaginal application. Many antimitotic drug products are known to be embryotoxic. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Podofilox gel should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from podofilox, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Adverse Reactions

In clinical trials with podofilox gel, the following local adverse reactions were reported during the treatment of anogenital warts. The severity of local adverse reactions were predominantly mild or moderate and did not increase during the treatment period. Severe reactions were most frequent within the first 2 weeks of treatment.

Other local adverse reactions reported included stinging (7%), and erythema (5%); less commonly reported local adverse events included desquamation, scabbing, discoloration, tenderness, dryness, crusting, fissures, soreness, ulceration, swelling/edema, tingling, rash, and blisters.

The most common systemic adverse event reported during the clinical studies was headache (7%).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Padagis at 1-866-634-9120 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Overdosage

Topically applied podofilox may be absorbed systemically (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY section). Toxicity reported following systemic administration of podofilox in investigational use for cancer treatment included: nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, bone marrow depression, and oral ulcers. Following 5 to 10 daily intravenous doses of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day, significant hematological toxicity occurred but was reversible.¹⁰ Other toxicities occurred at lower doses. Toxicity reported following systemic administration of podophyllum resin included: nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, altered mental status, lethargy, coma, tachypnea, respiratory failure, leukocytosis, pancytosis, hematuria, renal failure and seizures.¹¹ Treatment of topical overdosage should include washing the skin free of any remaining drug and symptomatic and supportive therapy.

Dosage And Administration

The prescriber should ensure that the patient is fully aware of the correct method of therapy and identify which specific warts should be treated.

Apply twice daily for 3 consecutive days, then discontinue for 4 consecutive days. This one-week cycle of treatment may be repeated until there is no visible wart tissue or for a maximum of four cycles. If there is incomplete response after four treatment cycles, discontinue treatment and consider alternative treatment. Safety and effectiveness of more than four treatment cycles has not been established. There is no evidence to suggest that more frequent application will increase efficacy, but additional applications would be expected to increase the rate of local adverse reactions and systemic absorption.

Podofilox gel should be applied to the warts with the applicator tip or finger. Application on the surrounding normal tissue should be minimized. Treatment should be limited to 10 cm² or less of wart tissue and to no more than 0.5 gram of the gel per day.

Care should be taken to allow the gel to dry before allowing the return of opposing skin surfaces to their normal positions. Patients should be instructed to wash their hands thoroughly before and after each application.

How Supplied

Podofilox Gel 0.5% is supplied as 3.5 grams of clear gel in aluminum tubes with an applicator tip. NDC 0574-0621-05. Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F). [See USP controlled room temperature.] Avoid excessive heat. Do not freeze.

Keep out of reach of children.

Rx only

References

• 1.Von Krogh G. Podophyllotoxin in serum: Absorption subsequent to three day repeated applications of a 0.5% ethanolic preparation on condylomata acuminata. Sex Trans Disease 1982: 9: 26-33.
• 2.Berenblum I. The effect of podophyllotoxin on the skin of the mouse, with reference to carcinogenic, cocarcinogenic, and anticarcinogenic action. J Cancer Inst 11:839-841, 1951.
• 3.Kaminetzky HA, Swerdlow M. Podophyllin and the mouse cervix: assessment of carcinogenic potential. Am J Obst Gyn 95:486-490, 1965.
• 4.McGrew EA, Kaminetzky HA. The genesis of experimental cervical epithelial dysplasia. Am J Clin Path 35:538-545, 1961.
• 5.Roe FJC, Salaman MH. Further studies on incomplete carcinogenesis: triethylene melamine (T.E.M.) 1,2 benxanthracene and beta-propiolactone as initiators of skin tumor formation in the mouse. Brit J Cancer, 9:177-203, 1955.
• 6.Taper HS. Induction of the deficient acid DNAase activity in mouse interfollicular epidermis by croton oil as a possible tumor promoting mechanism. Zeitschrift fur Krebsforschung and Klinisch Onkologie (Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Berlin) 90:197-210, 1977.
• 7.Kaminetzky HA, McGrew EA, Phillips RL. Experimental cervical epithelial dysplasia. J Obst Gyn 14:1-10, 1959.
• 8.Kaminetzky HA, McGrew EA: Podophyllin and mouse cervix: Effect of long term application. Arch Path 73:481-485, 1962.
• 9.Thiersch JB. Effect of podophyllin (P) and podophylotoxine (PT.) on the rat litter in utero. Soc Exptl Biol Med Proc. 113:124-127, 1963.
• 10.Savel H.: Clinical experience with intravenous podophyllotoxin. Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, 1964; 5: 56.
• 11.Cassidy DE, Dewry J and Fanning JP: Podophyllum toxicity: A report of a fatal case and a review of the literature. J Toxicol Clinic Toxicol 1982: 19: 35-44.

For all medical inquiries contact:

Padagis

Minneapolis, MN 55427

1-866-634-9120

Manufactured by:

Padagis

Minneapolis, MN 55427

Patient Information

Podofilox (poe dof′ il ox) Gel 0.5%

Rx only

Podofilox Gel and Anogenital Warts

• 1.APPLY PODOFILOX GEL ONLY ON THE WARTS POINTED OUT BY YOUR DOCTOR.
• 2.YOU MAY FEEL SOME MILD TO MODERATE DISCOMFORT DURING TREATMENT.
• 3.STOP TREATMENT AND CALL YOUR DOCTOR IF YOU HAVE BLEEDING, SWELLING, OR EXCESSIVE PAIN, BURNING, OR ITCHING.
• 4.DO NOT USE MORE THAN TWO TIMES A DAY.
• 5.DO NOT USE FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS IN A ROW.
• 6.DO NOT HAVE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE ON THE DAYS YOU ARE APPLYING PODOFILOX GEL.
• 7.WASH HANDS AFTER EVERY USE.

INTRODUCTION

Podofilox gel slowly kills external anogenital warts. The warts will change from a fleshy skin color to a dry, crusted, dead look, then disappear. Three out of four patients feel some burning or pain after they apply podofilox gel. Other side effects may include redness, soreness, tenderness, and small sores. These usually go away within a week after podofilox gel is stopped. If pain or other side effects bother you too much, stop applying podofilox gel and contact your doctor.

HOW TO USE PODOFILOX GEL

Follow these and your doctor’s instructions carefully. Apply podofilox gel only on the warts pointed out by your doctor. Do not use it on any other warts on or inside your body, or for any other skin growth.

• 1.Unscrew the entire applicator cap. Invert the cap and puncture the tube seal. Replace the applicator cap. To apply podofilox gel, remove the protective cap on the applicator tip and apply to the warts using the applicator tip or finger. Make sure to replace the applicator cap tightly after use.

APPLY PODOFILOX GEL ONLY WHERE YOUR DOCTOR HAS INSTRUCTED YOU.

• 2.Apply a small amount of podofilox gel to the wart(s). Do not get it on normal skin. If a wart is in a skin fold, spread the skin apart so you can reach the wart. A hand mirror can help sometimes. Let podofilox gel dry before letting the skin folds return to their normal position. Wash your hands well with soap and water after you use podofilox gel.
• 3.Apply podofilox gel once in the morning and once in the evening for three days in a row. Then stop applying podofilox gel and wait four days. Using podofilox gel like this is called a treatment week. You should not wash podofilox gel off the wart area unless you experience excessive pain, burning, or itching.

DO NOT APPLY PODOFILOX GEL MORE THAN TWICE EACH DAY OR FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS IN A ROW. USING PODOFILOX GEL MORE OFTEN WILL NOT MAKE IT WORK BETTER BUT MAY INCREASE SIDE EFFECTS.

• 4.If the warts do not go away, repeat the podofilox gel treatment for another week. You can use podofilox gel up to four treatment weeks (REMEMBER: a treatment week is twice a day for three days, then four days with no treatment). Your doctor may ask you to come back for a check-up visit during treatment. If the warts have not gone away after four treatment weeks, stop applying podofilox gel and contact your doctor.

IF THE AREA YOU ARE PUTTING PODOFILOX GEL ON IS BLEEDING OR SWOLLEN, OR IF THERE IS EXCESSIVE PAIN, BURNING OR ITCHING, STOP APPLYING PODOFILOX GEL AND CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR.

• 5.Anogenital warts can come back. If your warts come back, contact your doctor.

SPECIAL CAUTIONS

• •Anogenital warts are contagious. You can give them to or get them from your sexual partner. Make sure your sexual partner has been checked for anogenital warts. Condoms may help prevent giving anogenital warts to your sexual partner. Do not have sexual intercourse for the three days you are applying podofilox gel.
• •Women should make sure to use birth control so they will not get pregnant while on podofilox gel. The effects on the unborn baby are not known. Women can use podofilox gel during their menstrual period.
• •Podofilox gel is prescribed only for your external anogenital warts. Do not let anyone else use it.
• •Drug Product is Flammable. Keep Away from Open Flame.

REMEMBER

• •Always wash your hands after using podofilox gel.
• •Do not get it in your eyes. If you do, immediately flush your eyes with water and contact your doctor.
• •Keep the tube cap tightly closed.
• •Be sure to keep this and all medications out of the reach of children.

CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS ABOUT PODOFILOX GEL.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F). [See USP controlled room temperature.]

Keep out of reach of children.

Rx only

For all medical inquiries contact:

Padagis

Minneapolis, MN 55427

1-866-634-9120

Manufactured by:

Padagis

Minneapolis, MN 55427

Content Updated: May 2023

2204597

8Q700 RC PH2

Rev 05-23

Package/Label Principal Display Panel

Rx Only

NDC 0574-0621-05

Podofilox Gel 0.5%

FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY

3.5 g

carton - carton