Doxylamine Succinate And Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Tablet, Delayed Release
FDA Label NDC 0591-2132

Warnings and Precautions, Interference with Urine Screen for Methadone, Opiates and Phencyclidine Phosphate (PCP) (5.3)                       06/2018

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women who do not respond to conservative management.

Limitations of Use

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets have not been studied in women with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Initially, take two doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets orally at bedtime (Day 1). If this dose adequately controls symptoms the next day, continue taking two tablets daily at bedtime. However, if symptoms persist into the afternoon of Day 2, take the usual dose of two tablets at bedtime that night then take three tablets starting on Day 3 (one tablet in the morning and two tablets at bedtime). If these three tablets adequately control symptoms on Day 4, continue taking three tablets daily. Otherwise take four tablets starting on Day 4 (one tablet in the morning, one tablet mid-afternoon and two tablets at bedtime).

The maximum recommended dose is four tablets (one in the morning, one in the mid-afternoon and two at bedtime) daily.

Take on an empty stomach with a glass of water [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Swallow tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or split doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets.

Take as a daily prescription and not on an as needed basis. Reassess the woman for continued need for doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets as her pregnancy progresses.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are white to off white, unscored, round, biconvex film coated tablets, plain on both sides containing 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride. The tablets are printed with “2132” on one side with black ink and plain on the other.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions:

• Known hypersensitivity to doxylamine succinate, other ethanolamine derivative antihistamines, pyridoxine hydrochloride or any inactive ingredient in the formulation
  
• Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors intensify and prolong the adverse central nervous system effects of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets may cause somnolence due to the anticholinergic properties of doxylamine succinate, an antihistamine. Women should avoid engaging in activities requiring complete mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, while using doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets until cleared to do so by their healthcare provider.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets use is not recommended if a woman is concurrently using central nervous system (CNS) depressants including alcohol. The combination may result in severe drowsiness leading to falls or accidents [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets have anticholinergic properties and, therefore, should be used with caution in women with: asthma, increased intraocular pressure, narrow angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction and urinary bladder-neck obstruction.

There have been reports of false positive urine screening tests for methadone, opiates, and PCP with doxylamine succinate/pyridoxine hydrochloride use [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].

The following adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:

• Somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Falls or other accidents resulting from the effect of the combined use of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets with CNS depressants including alcohol [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

The safety and efficacy of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets were compared to placebo in a double-blind, randomized, multi-center trial in 261 women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. The mean gestational age at enrollment was 9.3 weeks, range 7 to 14 weeks gestation [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Adverse reactions for doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets that occurred at an incidence ≥5 percent and exceeded the incidence for placebo are summarized in Table 1.

The following adverse events, listed alphabetically, have been identified during post-approval use of the combination of 10 mg doxylamine succinate and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Cardiac disorders: dyspnea, palpitation, tachycardia
Ear and labyrinth disorders: vertigo
Eye disorders: vision blurred, visual disturbances
Gastrointestinal disorders: abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea
General disorders and administration site conditions: chest discomfort, fatigue, irritability, malaise
Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity
Nervous system disorders: dizziness, headache, migraines, paresthesia, psychomotor hyperactivity
Psychiatric disorders: anxiety, disorientation, insomnia, nightmares
Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, urinary retention
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: hyperhidrosis, pruritus, rash, rash maculo-papular

Use of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets is contraindicated in women who are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which prolong and intensify the anticholinergic (drying) effects of antihistamines. Concurrent use of alcohol and other CNS depressants (such as hypnotic sedatives and tranquilizers) with doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets is not recommended.

A food-effect study demonstrated that the delay in the onset of action of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets may be further delayed, and a reduction in absorption may occur when tablets are taken with food [see Dosage and Administration (2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Therefore, doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets should be taken on an empty stomach with a glass of water [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

False positive drug screens for methadone, opiates, and PCP can occur with doxylamine succinate/pyridoxine hydrochloride use. Confirmatory tests, such as Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), should be used to confirm the identity of the substance in the event of a positive immunoassay result.

Risk Summary

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are intended for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy in women who do not respond to conservative management. Maternal risks are discussed throughout the labeling. No increased risk for congenital malformations has been reported in epidemiologic studies in pregnant women.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risks for major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies are 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Human Data

The combination of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride has been the subject of many epidemiological studies (cohort, case control and meta-analyses) designed to detect possible teratogenicity. A meta-analysis of 16 cohort and 11 case-control studies published between 1963 and 1991 reported no increased risk for malformations from first trimester exposures to doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride, with or without dicyclomine hydrochloride. A second meta-analysis of 12 cohort and 5 case-control studies published between 1963 and 1985 reported no statistically significant relationships between fetal abnormalities and the first trimester use of the combination doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride with or without dicyclomine hydrochloride.

Women should not breastfeed while using doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets.

The molecular weight of doxylamine succinate is low enough that passage into breast milk can be expected. Excitement, irritability and sedation have been reported in nursing infants presumably exposed to doxylamine succinate through breast milk. Infants with apnea or other respiratory syndromes may be particularly vulnerable to the sedative effects of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets resulting in worsening of their apnea or respiratory conditions.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride is excreted into breast milk. There have been no reports of adverse events in infants presumably exposed to pyridoxine hydrochloride through breast milk.

The safety and effectiveness of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets in children under 18 years of age have not been established.

Fatalities have been reported from doxylamine overdose in children. The overdose cases have been characterized by coma, grand mal seizures and cardiorespiratory arrest. Children appear to be at a high risk for cardiorespiratory arrest. A toxic dose for children of more than 1.8 mg/kg has been reported. A 3 year old child died 18 hours after ingesting 1,000 mg doxylamine succinate. However, there is no correlation between the amount of doxylamine ingested, the doxylamine plasma level and clinical symptomatology.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets is a delayed-release formulation, therefore, signs and symptoms of intoxication may not be apparent immediately.

Signs and symptoms of overdose may include restlessness, dryness of mouth, dilated pupils, sleepiness, vertigo, mental confusion and tachycardia.

At toxic doses, doxylamine exhibits anticholinergic effects, including seizures, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and death.

If treatment is needed, it consists of gastric lavage or activated charcoal, whole bowel irrigation and symptomatic treatment. For additional information about overdose treatment, call a poison control center (1-800-222-1222).

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are round, unscored, white to off white, biconvex film-coated, delayed-release tablets containing 10 mg of doxylamine succinate, USP and 10 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, USP. Tablets are printed with “2132” on one side with black ink and plain on the other.

Inactive ingredients are as follows: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose, iron oxide black, magnesium stearate, magnesium trisilicate, methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, propylene glycol, talc, titanium dioxide.

Doxylamine Succinate

Doxylamine succinate, USP is classified as an antihistamine. The chemical name for doxylamine succinate, USP is ethanamine, N,N-dimethyl-2-[1-phenyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]-, butanedioate (1:1). The empirical formula is C₁₇H₂₂N₂O • C₄H₆O₄ and the molecular mass is 388.46. The structural formula is:

Structural Formula (Doxylamine Succinate And Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 1)

Doxylamine succinate, USP is a white to creamy white powder that is very soluble in water and alcohol, freely soluble in chloroform and very slightly soluble in ether and benzene.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

Pyridoxine hydrochloride, USP is a vitamin B6 analog. The chemical name for pyridoxine hydrochloride, USP is 3,4-pyridinedimethanol, 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-, hydrochloride. The empirical formula is C₈H₁₁NO₃ • HCl and the molecular mass is 205.64. The structural formula is^.

Structural Formula (Doxylamine Succinate And Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 2)

Pyridoxine hydrochloride, USP is a white or practically white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether.

The mechanism of action of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets is unknown.

The pharmacokinetics of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets has been characterized in healthy non-pregnant adult women. Pharmacokinetic results for doxylamine and pyridoxine, including its vitamin B6 metabolites, pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, pyridoxamine and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate, are summarized in Tables 2 to 5.

Absorption

A single-dose (two tablets) and multiple-dose (four tablets daily), open-label study was conducted to assess the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets administered in healthy non-pregnant adult women. Single-doses (two tablets at bedtime) were administered on Days 1 and 2. Multiple-doses (one tablet in the morning, one tablet in the afternoon and two tablets at bedtime) were administered on Days 3 to 18.

Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected pre-and post-dose on Days 2 and 18 as well as pre-dose prior to bedtime dose only (trough) on Days 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, and 18.

Doxylamine and pyridoxine are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the jejunum.

The C_max of doxylamine and pyridoxine are achieved within 7.5 and 5.5 hours, respectively (see Table 2).

Multiple-dose administration of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets results in increased concentrations of doxylamine as well as increases in doxylamine C_max and AUC_0-last of absorption. The time to reach the maximum concentration is not affected by multiple doses. The mean accumulation index is more than 1.0 suggesting that doxylamine accumulates following multiple dosing (see Table 3).

Although no accumulation was observed for pyridoxine, the mean accumulation index for each metabolite (pyridoxal, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate) is more than 1.0 following multiple-dose administration of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets. The time to reach the maximum concentration is not affected by multiple doses (see Table 2).

Food Effect

The administration of food delays the absorption of both doxylamine and pyridoxine. This delay is associated with a lower peak concentration of doxylamine, but the extent of absorption is not affected (see Table 4).

The effect of food on the peak concentration and the extent of absorption of the pyridoxine component is more complex because the pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate metabolites also contribute to the biological activity. Food significantly reduces the bioavailability of pyridoxine, lowering its C_max and AUC by approximately 50% compared to fasting conditions. Similarly, food significantly reduces pyridoxal AUC and reduces its C_max by 50% compared to fasting conditions. In contrast, food slightly increases pyridoxal 5’-phosphate C_max and extent of absorption. As for pyridoxamine and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate, the rate and extent of absorption seem to decrease under fed conditions.

^aN=37; ^bN=18; ^cN=31

Distribution

Pyridoxine is highly protein bound, primarily to albumin. Its main active metabolite, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP) accounts for at least 60% of circulating vitamin B6 concentrations.

Metabolism

Doxylamine is biotransformed in the liver by N-dealkylation to its principle metabolites N-desmethyl-doxylamine and N, N-didesmethyldoxylamine.

Pyridoxine is a prodrug primarily metabolized in the liver.

Excretion

The principle metabolites of doxylamine, N-desmethyl-doxylamine and N, N-didesmethyldoxylamine, are excreted by the kidney.

The terminal elimination half-life of doxylamine and pyridoxine are 12.5 hours and 0.5 hours, respectively (see Table 5).

Use in Specific Populations

Race: No pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted related to race.

Hepatic Impairment: No pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted in hepatic impaired patients.

Renal Impairment: No pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted in renal impaired patients.

Carcinogenicity

Two-year carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice have been conducted with doxylamine succinate. Doxylamine succinate is not likely to have human carcinogenic potential. The carcinogenic potential of pyridoxine hydrochloride has not been evaluated.

A double-blind, randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled study was conducted to support the safety and efficacy of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Adult women 18 years of age or older and 7 to 14 weeks gestation (median 9 weeks of gestation) with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were randomized to 14 days of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets or placebo. Two tablets of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets were administered at bedtime on Day 1. If symptoms of nausea and vomiting persisted into the afternoon hours of Day 2, the woman was directed to take her usual dose of two tablets at bedtime that night and, beginning on Day 3, to take one tablet in the morning and two tablets at bedtime. Based upon assessment of remaining symptoms at her clinic visit on Day 4 (± 1 day), the woman may have been directed to take an additional tablet mid-afternoon. A maximum of four tablets (one in the morning, one in the mid-afternoon and two at bedtime) were taken daily.

Over the treatment period, 19% of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets-treated patients remained on 2 tablets daily, 21% received 3 tablets daily, and 60% received 4 tablets daily.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline at Day 15 in the Pregnancy Unique-Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) score. The PUQE score incorporates the number of daily vomiting episodes, number of daily heaves, and length of daily nausea in hours, for an overall score of symptoms rated from 3 (no symptoms) to 15 (most severe).

At baseline, the mean PUQE score was 9.0 in the doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets arm and 8.8 in the placebo arm. There was a 0.7 (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 1.2 with p-value 0.006) mean decrease (improvement in nausea and vomiting symptoms) from baseline in PUQE score at Day 15 with doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets compared to placebo (see Table 6).

*The Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) score incorporated the number of daily vomiting episodes, number of daily heaves, and length of daily nausea in hours, for an overall score of symptoms rated from 3 (no symptoms) to 15 (most severe). Baseline was defined as the PUQE score completed at the enrollment visit.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets 100 bottle count is supplied in a high-density polyethylene bottle with a polypropylene child-resistant cap and a silica gel desiccant canister. Each white to off white, unscored, round, biconvex film-coated, delayed-release tablet contains 10 mg doxylamine succinate, USP and 10 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride, USP and is printed with “2132” on one side with black ink and plain on the other.

Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets are provided as follows:

NDC 0591-2132-01 Bottles of 100.

Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep bottle tightly closed and protect from moisture. Do not remove desiccant canister from bottle.

See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information)

Inform women to avoid engaging in activities requiring complete mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, while using doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets until cleared to do so.

Inform women of the importance of not taking doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets with alcohol or sedating medications, including other antihistamines (present in some cough and cold medications), opiates and sleep aids because somnolence could worsen leading to falls or other accidents.

Inform women that use of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride delayed-release tablets may result in false positive urine drug screening for methadone, opiates and PCP.

Manufactured by:
Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc.
Fort Lauderdale, FL. 33314 USA

Distributed by:
Actavis Pharma, Inc.
Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA

Rev: A 1/2019

NDC 0591-2132-01

Doxylamine Succinate and Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Delayed-Release Tablets

10 mg/10 mg

PHARMACIST: Dispense with the accompany Patient Information to each patient.

WARNING: Swallow tablets whole.
Do not crush, chew, or split the tablets.

100 Tablets
Rx Only

Updated Lbl (Doxylamine Succinate And Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 3)