Absorption
In clinical pharmacology studies in man, peak plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were reached 3 to 5 hours following oral dosing. Both Cmax and AUC increased in approximate proportion to rosuvastatin dose. The absolute bioavailability of rosuvastatin is approximately 20%.
Administration of rosuvastatin with food did not affect the AUC of rosuvastatin.
The AUC of rosuvastatin does not differ following evening or morning drug administration.
Distribution
Mean volume of distribution at steady-state of rosuvastatin is approximately 134 liters. Rosuvastatin is 88% bound to plasma proteins, mostly albumin. This binding is reversible and independent of plasma concentrations.
Elimination
Rosuvastatin is primarily eliminated by excretion in the feces. The elimination half-life of rosuvastatin is approximately 19 hours.
Metabolism
Rosuvastatin is not extensively metabolized; approximately 10% of a radiolabeled dose is recovered as metabolite. The major metabolite is N-desmethyl rosuvastatin, which is formed principally by cytochrome P450 \ 2C9, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that N-desmethyl rosuvastatin has approximately one-sixth to one-half the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the parent compound. Overall, greater than 90% of active plasma HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity is accounted for by the parent compound.
Excretion
Following oral administration, rosuvastatin and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the feces (90%). After an intravenous dose, approximately 28% of total body clearance was via the renal route, and 72% by the hepatic route.
Specific Populations
Racial or Ethnic Groups
A population pharmacokinetic analysis revealed no clinically relevant differences in pharmacokinetics among Caucasian, Hispanic, and Black or Afro-Caribbean groups. However, pharmacokinetic studies, including one conducted in the US, have demonstrated an approximate 2-fold elevation in median exposure (AUC and Cmax) in Asian subjects when compared with a Caucasian control group.
Male and Female Patients
There were no differences in plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin between men and women.
Pediatric use information for patients ages 8 to less than 10 years is approved for AstraZeneca’s CRESTOR (rosuvastatin calcium) tablets. However, due to AstraZeneca’s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.
GeriatricPatients
There were no differences in plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin between the nonelderly and elderly populations (age ≥65 years).
Patients with Renal Impairment
Mild to moderate renal impairment (CLcr ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) had no influence on plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin. However, plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin increased to a clinically significant extent (about 3-fold) in patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) not receiving hemodialysis compared with healthy subjects (CLcr > 80 mL/min/1.73 m2).
Hemodialysis
Steady-state plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin in patients on chronic hemodialysis were approximately 50% greater compared with healthy volunteer subjects with normal renal function.
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
In patients with chronic alcohol liver disease, plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were modestly increased.
In patients with Child-Pugh A disease, Cmax and AUC were increased by 60% and 5%, respectively, as compared with patients with normal liver function. In patients with Child-Pugh B disease, Cmax and AUC were increased 100% and 21%, respectively, compared with patients with normal liver function.
Drug Interactions Studies
Rosuvastatin clearance is not dependent on metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A4 to a clinically significant extent.
Rosuvastatin is a substrate for certain transporter proteins including the hepatic uptake transporter organic anion-transporting polyprotein 1B1 (OATP1B1) and efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Concomitant administration of rosuvastatin with medications that are inhibitors of these transporter proteins (e.g. cyclosporine, certain HIV protease inhibitors) may result in increased rosuvastatin plasma concentrations [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)] and Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.3)].
Table 4. Effect of Coadministered Drugs on Rosuvastatin Systemic Exposure
Coadministered drug and dosing regimen | Rosuvastatin |
| | Mean Ratio (ratio with/without coadministered drug) No Effect = 1 |
| Dose (mg)1 | Change in AUC | Change in Cmax |
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (400 mg-100 mg-100 mg) + Voxilaprevir (100 mg) once daily for 15 days | 10mg single dose | 7.392 (6.68 to 8.18)3 | 18.882 (16.23 to 21.96)3 |
Cyclosporine – stable dose required (75 mg to 200 mg BID) | 10 mg QD for 10 days | 7.12 | 112 |
Darolutamide 600 mg BID, 5 days | 5mg, single dose | 5.22 | ~52 |
Regorafenib 160mg OD, 14 days | 5 mg single dose | 3.82 | 4.62 |
Atazanavir/ritonavir combination 300 mg/100 mg QD for 8 days | 10 mg | 3.12 | 72 |
Simeprevir 150 mg QD, 7 days | 10 mg, single dose | 2.82 (2.3 to 3.4)3 | 3.22 (2.6 to 3.9)3 |
Velpatasvir 100mg once daily | 10 mg single dose | 2.692 (2.46-2.94)3 | 2.612 (2.32-2.92)3 |
Ombitasvir 25mg/paritaprevir 150mg/ ritonavir 100mg + dasabuvir 400mg BID | 5mg single dose | 2.592 (2.09-3.21)3 | 7.132 (5.11-9.96)3 |
Elbasvir 50mg/grazoprevir 200mg once daily | 10mg single dose | 2.262 (1.89-2.69)3 | 5.492 (4.29-7.04)3 |
Glecaprevir 400mg/pibrentasvir 120mg once daily | 5mg once daily | 2.152 (1.88-2.46)3 | 5.622 (4.80-6.59)3 |
Lopinavir/ritonavir combination 400 mg/100 mg BID for 17 days | 20 mg QD for 7 days | 2.12 (1.7 to 2.6)3 | 52 (3.4 to 6.4)3 |
Gemfibrozil 600 mg BID for 7 days | 80 mg | 1.92 (1.6 to 2.2)3 | 2.22 (1.8 to 2.7)3 |
Eltrombopag 75 mg QD, 5 days | 10 mg | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.7)3 | 2 (1.8 to 2.3)3 |
Darunavir 600 mg/ritonavir 100 mg BID, 7 days | 10 mg QD for 7 days | 1.5 (1 to 2.1)3 | 2.4 (1.6 to 3.6)3 |
Tipranavir/ritonavir combination 500 mg/200mg BID for 11 days | 10 mg | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)3 | 2.2 (1.8 to 2.7)3 |
Dronedarone 400 mg BID | 10 mg | 1.4 | |
Itraconazole 200 mg QD, 5 days | 10 mg or 80 mg | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6)3 1.3 (1.1 to 1.4)3 | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.5)3 1.2 (0.9 to 1.4)3 |
Ezetimibe 10 mg QD, 14 days | 10 mg QD for 14 days | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)3 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.6)3 |
Fosamprenavir/ritonavir 700 mg/100 mg BID for 7 days | 10 mg | 1.1 | 1.5 |
Fenofibrate 67 mg TID for 7 days | 10 mg | ↔ | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)3 |
Rifampicin 450 mg QD, 7 days | 20 mg | ↔ | |
Aluminum & magnesium hydroxide combination antacid Administered simultaneously Administered 2 hours apart | 40 mg 40 mg | 0.52 (0.4 to 0.5)3 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)3 | 0.52 (0.4 to 0.6)3 0.8 (0.7 to 1)3 |
Ketoconazole 200 mg BID for 7 days | 80 mg | 1 (0.8 to 1.2)3 | 1 (0.7 to 1.3)3 |
Fluconazole 200 mg QD for 11 days | 80 mg | 1.1 (1 to 1.3)3 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4)3 |
Erythromycin 500 mg QID for 7 days | 80 mg | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)3 | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)3 |
QD= Once daily, BID= Twice daily, TID= Three times daily, QID= Four times daily
1Single dose unless otherwise noted.
2Clinically significant [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Warnings and Precautions (5)]
3Mean ratio with 90% CI (with/without coadministered drug, e.g., 1= no change, 0.7 = 30% decrease, 11=11 fold increase in exposure)
Table 5. Effect of Rosuvastatin Coadministration on Systemic Exposure to Other Drugs
Rosuvastatin Dosage Regimen | Coadministered Drug |
| | Mean Ratio (ratio with/without coadministered drug) No Effect = 1 |
| Name and Dose | Change in AUC | Change in Cmax |
40 mg QD for 10 days | Warfarin1 25 mg single dose | R-Warfarin 1 (1 to 1.1)2 S-Warfarin 1.1 (1 to 1.1)2 | R-Warfarin 1 (0.9 to 1)2 S-Warfarin 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)2 |
40 mg QD for 12 days | Digoxin 0.5 mg single dose | 1 (0.9 to 1.2)2 | 1 (0.9 to 1.2)2 |
40 mg QD for 28 days | Oral Contraceptive (ethinyl estradiol 0.035 mg & norgestrel 0.180, 0.215 and 0.250 mg) QD for 21 Days | EE 1.3 (1.2 to 1.3)2 NG 1.3 (1.3 to 1.4)2 | EE 1.3 (1.2 to 1.3)2 NG 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3)2 |
EE = ethinyl estradiol, NG = norgestrel, QD= Once daily
1Clinically significant pharmacodynamic effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
2Mean ratio with 90% CI (with/without coadministered drug, e.g., 1= no change, 0.7=30% decrease, 11=11-fold increase in exposure)