Treating to New Targets Study (TNT)
In TNT,
[see
Clinical Studies (14.1)]
10,001 patients (age range 29 to 78 years, 19% female; 94% White, 3% Black or African American, 1% Asian, 2% other) with clinically evident CHD were treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg daily (n=5006) or atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg daily (n=4995). In the high- dose atorvastatin calcium tablets group, there were more patients with serious adverse reactions (1.8%) and discontinuations due to adverse reactions (9.9%) as compared to the low-dose group (1.4%; 8.1%, respectively) during a median follow-up of 4.9 years. Persistent transaminase elevations (≥3 x ULN twice within 4 to 10 days) occurred in 1.3% of individuals with atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg and in 0.2% of individuals with atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg. Elevations of CK (≥ 10 x ULN) were higher in the high-dose atorvastatin calcium tablets group (0.3%) compared to the low-dose atorvastatin calcium tablets group (0.1%).
Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL)
In SPARCL, 4,731 patients (age range 21 to 92 years, 40% female; 93% White, 3% Black or African American, 1% Asian, 3% other) without clinically evident CHD but with a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within the previous 6 months were treated with atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg (n=2365) or placebo (n=2366) for a median follow-up of 4.9 years. There was a higher incidence of persistent hepatic transaminase elevations (≥ 3 x ULN twice within 4 to 10 days) in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group (0.9%) compared to placebo (0.1%). Elevations of CK (>10 x ULN) were rare, but were higher in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group (0.1%) compared to placebo (0.0%). Diabetes was reported as an adverse reaction in 6.1% of subjects in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group and 3.8% of subjects in the placebo group.
In a post-hoc analysis, atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg reduced the incidence of ischemic stroke (9.2% vs. 11.6%) and increased the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke (2.3% vs. 1.4%) compared to placebo. The incidence of fatal hemorrhagic stroke was similar between groups (17 atorvastatin calcium tablets vs. 18 placebo). The incidence of non-fatal hemorrhagic strokes was significantly greater in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group (38 non- fatal hemorrhagic strokes) as compared to the placebo group (16 non-fatal hemorrhagic strokes). Patients who entered the trial with a hemorrhagic stroke appeared to be at increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke (16% atorvastatin calcium tablets vs. 4% placebo).
Adverse Reactions from Clinical Studies of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets in Pediatric Patients with HeFH
In a 26-week controlled study in pediatric patients with HeFH (ages 10 years to 17 years) (n=140, 31% female; 92% White, 1.6% Black or African American, 1.6% Asian, 4.8% other), the safety and tolerability profile of atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 to 20 mg daily, as an adjunct to diet to reduce total cholesterol, LDL-C, and apo B levels, was generally similar to that of placebo
[see
Use in Specific Populations (8.4)and Clinical Studies
(14.6)].
Absorption
Atorvastatin calcium tablets are rapidly absorbed after oral administration; maximum plasma concentrations occur within 1 to 2 hours. Extent of absorption increases in proportion to atorvastatin calcium tablets dose. The absolute bioavailability of atorvastatin (parent drug) is approximately 14% and the systemic availability of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity is approximately 30%. The low systemic availability is attributed to presystemic clearance in gastrointestinal mucosa and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism. Although food decreases the rate and extent of drug absorption by approximately 25% and 9%, respectively, as assessed by C
maxand AUC, LDL-C reduction is similar whether atorvastatin calcium tablets are given with or without food. Plasma atorvastatin calcium tablets concentrations are lower (approximately 30% for C
maxand AUC) following evening drug administration compared with morning. However, LDL-C reduction is the same regardless of the time of day of drug administration.
Distribution
Mean volume of distribution of atorvastatin calcium tablets are approximately 381 liters. Atorvastatin calcium tablets are ≥98% bound to plasma proteins. A blood/plasma ratio of approximately 0.25 indicates poor drug penetration into red blood cells.
Elimination
Metabolism
Atorvastatin is extensively metabolized to ortho- and parahydroxylated derivatives and various beta-oxidation products.
In vitroinhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by ortho- and parahydroxylated metabolites is equivalent to that of atorvastatin. Approximately 70% of circulating inhibitory activity for HMG-CoA reductase is attributed to active metabolites.
In vitrostudies suggest the importance of atorvastatin metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A4, consistent with increased plasma concentrations of atorvastatin in humans following co-administration with erythromycin, a known inhibitor of this isozyme
[see
Drug Interactions (7.1)].
In animals, the ortho-hydroxy metabolite undergoes further glucuronidation.
Excretion
Atorvastatin and its metabolites are eliminated primarily in bile following hepatic and/or extra-hepatic metabolism; however, the drug does not appear to undergo enterohepatic recirculation. Mean plasma elimination half-life of atorvastatin in humans is approximately 14 hours, but the half-life of inhibitory activity for HMG-CoA reductase is 20 to 30 hours due to the contribution of active metabolites. Less than 2% of a dose of atorvastatin is recovered in urine following oral administration.
Specific Populations
Geriatric
Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin are higher (approximately 40% for C
maxand 30% for AUC) in healthy elderly subjects (age ≥65 years) than in young adults.
Pediatric
Apparent oral clearance of atorvastatin in pediatric subjects appeared similar to that of adults when scaled allometrically by body weight as the body weight was the only significant covariate in atorvastatin population PK model with data including pediatric HeFH patients (ages 10 years to 17 years of age, n=29) in an open-label, 8-week study.
Gender
Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin in females differ from those in males (approximately 20% higher for C
maxand 10% lower for AUC); however, there is no clinically significant difference in LDL-C reduction with atorvastatin between males and females.
Renal Impairment
Renal disease has no influence on the plasma concentrations or LDL-C reduction of atorvastatin
[see
Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
While studies have not been conducted in patients with end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis is not expected to significantly enhance clearance of atorvastatin since the drug is extensively bound to plasma proteins.
Hepatic Impairment
In patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease, plasma concentrations of atorvastatin are markedly increased. C
maxand AUC are each 4-fold greater in patients with Childs-Pugh A disease. C
maxand AUC are approximately 16-fold and 11-fold increased, respectively, in patients with Childs-Pugh B disease
[see
Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Drug Interactions
Atorvastatin is a substrate of the hepatic transporters, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporter. Metabolites of atorvastatin are substrates of OATP1B1. Atorvastatin is also identified as a substrate of the efflux transporter BCRP, which may limit the intestinal absorption and biliary clearance of atorvastatin.
Table 5: Effect of Co-administered Drugs on the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Co-administered drug and dosage regimen | Atorvastatin |
| Dosage (mg) | Ratio of AUC
& | Ratio of Cmax& |
| #Cyclosporine 5.2 mg/kg/day, stable dose
| 10 mg QD
afor 28 days
| 8.69 | 10.66 |
| #Tipranavir 500 mg BID
b/ritonavir 200 mg BID
b, 7 days
| 10 mg, SD
c | 9.36 | 8.58 |
| #Glecaprevir 400 mg QD
a/pibrentasvir 120 mg QD
a, 7 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 7 days
| 8.28 | 22.00 |
| #Telaprevir 750 mg q8h
f, 10 days
| 20 mg, SD
c | 7.88 | 10.60 |
| #, ‡Saquinavir 400 mg BID
b/ ritonavir 400 mg BID
b, 15 days
| 40 mg QD
afor 4 days
| 3.93 | 4.31 |
| #Elbasvir 50 mg QD
a/grazoprevir 200 mg QD
a, 13 days
| 10 mg SD
c | 1.94 | 4.34 |
| #Simeprevir 150 mg QD
a, 10 days
| 40 mg SD
c | 2.12 | 1.70 |
| #Clarithromycin 500 mg BID
b, 9 days
| 80 mg QD
afor 8 days
| 4.54 | 5.38 |
| #Darunavir 300 mg BID
b/ritonavir 100 mg BID
b, 9 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 4 days
| 3.45 | 2.25 |
| #Itraconazole 200 mg QD
a, 4 days
| 40 mg SD
c | 3.32 | 1.20 |
| #Letermovir 480 mg QD
a, 10 days
| 20 mg SD
c | 3.29 | 2.17 |
| #Fosamprenavir 700 mg BID
b/ritonavir 100 mg BID
b, 14 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 4 days
| 2.53 | 2.84 |
| #Fosamprenavir 1400 mg BID
b, 14 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 4 days
| 2.30 | 4.04 |
| #Nelfinavir 1250 mg BID
b, 14 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 28 days
| 1.74 | 2.22 |
| #Grapefruit Juice, 240 mL QD
a,* | 40 mg, SD
c | 1.37 | 1.16 |
| Diltiazem 240 mg QD
a, 28 days
| 40 mg, SD
c | 1.51 | 1.00 |
| Erythromycin 500 mg QID
e, 7 days
| 10 mg, SD
c | 1.33 | 1.38 |
| Amlodipine 10 mg, single dose | 80 mg, SD
c | 1.18 | 0.91 |
| Cimetidine 300 mg QID
e, 2 weeks
| 10 mg QD
afor 2 weeks
| 1.00 | 0.89 |
| Colestipol 10 g BID
b, 24 weeks
| 40 mg QD
afor 8 weeks
| NA | 0.74
** |
| Maalox TC
®30 mL QID
e, 17 days
| 10 mg QD
afor 15 days
| 0.66 | 0.67 |
| Efavirenz 600 mg QD
a, 14 days
| 10 mg for 3 days | 0.59 | 1.01 |
| #Rifampin 600 mg QD
a, 7 days (co-administered)
† | 40 mg SD
c | 1.12 | 2.90 |
| #Rifampin 600 mg QD
a, 5 days (doses separated)
† | 40 mg SD
c | 0.20 | 0.60 |
| #Gemfibrozil 600 mg BID
b, 7 days
| 40 mg SD
c | 1.35 | 1.00 |
| #Fenofibrate 160 mg QD
a, 7 days
| 40 mg SD
c | 1.03 | 1.02 |
| Boceprevir 800 mg TID
d, 7 days
| 40 mg SD
c | 2.32 | 2.66 |
Table 6: Effect of Atorvastatin on the Pharmacokinetics of Co-administered Drugs |
|
|
|
| Atorvastatin | Co-administered drug and dosage regimen |
| Drug/Dosage (mg) | Ratio of AUC | Ratio of C
max |
| 80 mg QD
afor 15 days
| Antipyrine, 600 mg SD
c | 1.03 | 0.89 |
| 80 mg QD
afor 10 days
| #Digoxin 0.25 mg QD
a, 20 days
| 1.15 | 1.20 |
| 40 mg QD
afor 22 days
| Oral contraceptive QD
a, 2 months
-norethindrone 1 mg
-ethinyl estradiol 35 μg
| 1.28
1.19
| 1.23
1.30
|
| 10 mg SD
c | Tipranavir 500 mg BID
b/ritonavir 200 mg BID
b, 7 days
| 1.08 | 0.96 |
| 10 mg QD
afor 4 days
| Fosamprenavir 1400 mg BID
b, 14 days
| 0.73 | 0.82 |
| 10 mg QD
afor 4 days
| Fosamprenavir 700 mg BID
b/ritonavir 100 mg BID
b, 14 days
| 0.99 | 0.94 |
Atorvastatin calcium tablets had no clinically significant effect on prothrombin time when administered to patients receiving chronic warfarin treatment.
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
In the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT), the effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets on fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease was assessed in 10,305 patients with hypertension, 40 to 80 years of age (mean of 63 years; 19% female; 95% White, 3% Black or African American, 1% South Asian, 1% other), without a previous myocardial infarction and with total cholesterol (TC) levels ≤251 mg/dL. Additionally, all patients had at least 3 of the following cardiovascular risk factors: male gender (81%), age >55 years (85%), smoking (33%), diabetes (24%), history of CHD in a first-degree relative (26%), TC:HDL >6 (14%), peripheral vascular disease (5%), left ventricular hypertrophy (14%), prior cerebrovascular event (10%), specific ECG abnormality (14%), proteinuria/albuminuria (62%). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients were treated with anti-hypertensive therapy (goal BP <140/90 mm Hg for patients without diabetes; <130/80 mm Hg for patients with diabetes) and allocated to either atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg daily (n=5,168) or placebo (n=5,137), using a covariate adaptive method which took into account the distribution of nine baseline characteristics of patients already enrolled and minimized the imbalance of those characteristics across the groups. Patients were followed for a median duration of 3.3 years.
The effect of 10 mg/day of atorvastatin calcium tablets on lipid levels was similar to that seen in previous clinical trials.
Atorvastatin calcium tablets significantly reduced the rate of coronary events [either fatal coronary heart disease (46 events in the placebo group vs. 40 events in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group) or non-fatal MI (108 events in the placebo group vs. 60 events in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group)] with a relative risk reduction of 36% [(based on incidences of 1.9% for atorvastatin calcium tablets vs. 3.0% for placebo), p=0.0005 (see Figure 1)]. The risk reduction was consistent regardless of age, smoking status, obesity, or presence of renal dysfunction. The effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets was seen regardless of baseline LDL levels.
Figure 1: Effect of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 10 mg/day on Cumulative Incidence of Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction or Coronary Heart Disease Death (in ASCOT-LLA)
Figure (Atorvastatin Calcium Figure 1)
Atorvastatin calcium tablets also significantly decreased the relative risk for revascularization procedures by 42% (incidences of 1.4% for atorvastatin calcium tablets and 2.5% for placebo). Although the reduction of fatal and non-fatal strokes did not reach a pre-defined significance level (p=0.01), a favorable trend was observed with a 26% relative risk reduction (incidences of 1.7% for atorvastatin calcium tablets and 2.3% for placebo). There was no significant difference between the treatment groups for death due to cardiovascular causes (p=0.51) or noncardiovascular causes (p=0.17).
In the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS), the effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets on cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints was assessed in 2,838 subjects (94% White, 2% Black or African American, 2% South Asian, 1% other; 68% male), ages 40 to 75 with type 2 diabetes based on WHO criteria, without prior history of cardiovascular disease and with LDL ≤160 mg/dL and triglycerides (TG) ≤600 mg/dL. In addition to diabetes, subjects had 1 or more of the following risk factors: current smoking (23%), hypertension (80%), retinopathy (30%), or microalbuminuria (9%) or macroalbuminuria (3%). No subjects on hemodialysis were enrolled in the trial. In this multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, subjects were randomly allocated to either atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg daily (1429) or placebo (1411) in a 1:1 ratio and were followed for a median duration of 3.9 years. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of any of the major cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction, acute CHD death, unstable angina, coronary revascularization, or stroke. The primary analysis was the time to first occurrence of the primary endpoint.
Baseline characteristics of subjects were: mean age of 62 years, mean HbA1c 7.7%; median LDL-C 120 mg/dL; median TC 207 mg/dL; median TG 151 mg/dL; median HDL-C 52 mg/dL.
The effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg/day on lipid levels was similar to that seen in previous clinical trials.
Atorvastatin calcium tablets significantly reduced the rate of major cardiovascular events (primary endpoint events) (83 events in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group vs. 127 events in the placebo group) with a relative risk reduction of 37%, HR 0.63, 95% CI (0.48, 0.83) (p=0.001) (see
Figure 2). An effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets was seen regardless of age, sex, or baseline lipid levels.
Atorvastatin calcium tablets significantly reduced the risk of stroke by 48% (21 events in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group vs. 39 events in the placebo group), HR 0.52, 95% CI (0.31, 0.89) (p=0.016) and reduced the risk of MI by 42% (38 events in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group vs. 64 events in the placebo group), HR 0.58, 95.1% CI (0.39, 0.86) (p=0.007). There was no significant difference between the treatment groups for angina, revascularization procedures, and acute CHD death.
There were 61 deaths in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group vs. 82 deaths in the placebo group (HR 0.73, p=0.059).
Figure 2: Effect of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 10 mg/day on Time to Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Event (myocardial infarction, acute CHD death, unstable angina, coronary revascularization, or stroke) in CARDS
Figure (Atorvastatin Calcium Figure 2)
In the Treating to New Targets Study (TNT), the effect of atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg/day vs. atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg/day on the reduction in cardiovascular events was assessed in 10,001 subjects (94% White, 81% male, 38% ≥65 years) with clinically evident coronary heart disease who had achieved a target LDL-C level <130 mg/dL after completing an 8-week, open-label, run-in period with atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg/day. Subjects were randomly assigned to either 10 mg/day or 80 mg/day of atorvastatin calcium tablets and followed for a median duration of 4.9 years. The primary endpoint was the time-to-first occurrence of any of the following major cardiovascular events (MCVE): death due to CHD, non-fatal myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, and fatal and non-fatal stroke. The mean LDL-C, TC, TG, non- HDL, and HDL cholesterol levels at 12 weeks were 73, 145, 128, 98, and 47 mg/dL during treatment with 80 mg of atorvastatin calcium tablets and 99, 177, 152, 129, and 48 mg/dL during treatment with 10 mg of atorvastatin calcium tablets.
Treatment with atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg/day significantly reduced the rate of MCVE (434 events in the 80 mg/day group vs. 548 events in the 10 mg/day group) with a relative risk reduction of 22%, HR 0.78, 95% CI (0.69, 0.89), p=0.0002 (see
Figure 3and
Table 7). The overall risk reduction was consistent regardless of age (<65, ≥65) or sex.
Figure 3: Effect of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 80 mg/day vs. 10 mg/day on Time to Occurrence of Major Cardiovascular Events (TNT)
Figure (Atorvastatin Calcium Figure 3)
Table 7: Overview of Efficacy Results in TNT| Endpoint | Atorvastatin
10 mg
(N=5,006)
| Atorvastatin
80 mg
(N=4,995)
| HR
Atorvastatin 80 mg: atorvastatin 10 mg (95%CI)
|
|---|
| PRIMARY ENDPOINT | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| First major cardiovascular endpoint | 548 | (10.9) | 434 | (8.7) | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89) |
| Components of the Primary Endpoint | | | | | |
| CHD death | 127 | (2.5) | 101 | (2.0) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.03) |
| Non-fatal, non-procedure related MI | 308 | (6.2) | 243 | (4.9) | 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) |
| Resuscitated cardiac arrest | 26 | (0.5) | 25 | (0.5) | 0.96 (0.56, 1.67) |
| Stroke (fatal and non-fatal) | 155 | (3.1) | 117 | (2.3) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) |
| SECONDARY ENDPOINTS
Component of other secondary endpoints | | | | | |
| First CHF with hospitalization | 164 | (3.3) | 122 | (2.4) | 0.74 (0.59, 0.94) |
| First PVD endpoint | 282 | (5.6) | 275 | (5.5) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.15) |
| First CABG or other coronary revascularization procedure
Secondary endpoints not included in primary endpoint
HR=hazard ratio; CHD=coronary heart disease; CI=confidence interval; MI=myocardial infarction; CHF=congestive heart failure; CV=cardiovascular; PVD=peripheral vascular disease; CABG=coronary artery bypass graft Confidence intervals for the Secondary Endpoints were not adjusted for multiple comparisons
| 904 | (18.1) | 667 | (13.4) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) |
| First documented angina endpoint
| 615 | (12.3) | 545 | (10.9) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) |
| All-cause mortality | 282 | (5.6) | 284 | (5.7) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) |
| Components of All-Cause Mortality | | | | | |
| Cardiovascular death | 155 | (3.1) | 126 | (2.5) | 0.81 (0.64, 1.03) |
| Noncardiovascular death | 127 | (2.5) | 158 | (3.2) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.57) |
| Cancer death | 75 | (1.5) | 85 | (1.7) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) |
| Other non-CV death | 43 | (0.9) | 58 | (1.2) | 1.35 (0.91, 2.00) |
| Suicide, homicide, and other traumatic non-CV death | 9 | (0.2) | 15 | (0.3) | 1.67 (0.73, 3.82) |
Of the events that comprised the primary efficacy endpoint, treatment with atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg/day significantly reduced the rate of non-fatal, non-procedure related MI and fatal and non-fatal stroke, but not CHD death or resuscitated cardiac arrest (
Table 7). Of the predefined secondary endpoints, treatment with atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg/day significantly reduced the rate of coronary revascularization, angina, and hospitalization for heart failure, but not peripheral vascular disease. The reduction in the rate of CHF with hospitalization was only observed in the 8% of patients with a prior history of CHF.
There was no significant difference between the treatment groups for all-cause mortality (
Table 7). The proportions of subjects who experienced cardiovascular death, including the components of CHD death and fatal stroke, were numerically smaller in the atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg group than in the atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg treatment group. The proportions of subjects who experienced noncardiovascular death were numerically larger in the atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg group than in the atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg treatment group.
Primary Hyperlipidemia in Adults
Atorvastatin calcium tablets reduces total-C, LDL-C, apo B, and TG, and increases HDL-C in patients with hyperlipidemia (heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia. Therapeutic response is seen within 2 weeks, and maximum response is usually achieved within 4 weeks and maintained during chronic therapy.
In two multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-response trials in patients with hyperlipidemia, atorvastatin calcium tablets given as a single dose over 6 weeks, significantly reduced total-C, LDL-C, apo B, and TG. (Pooled results are provided in
Table 8.)
Table 8: Dose Response in Patients with Primary Hyperlipidemia (Adjusted Mean % Change From Baseline)
a| Dose | N | TC | LDL-C | Apo B | TG | HDL-C |
| aResults are pooled from 2 dose-response trials.
|
| Placebo | 21 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 10 | -3 |
| 10 | 22 | -29 | -39 | -32 | -19 | 6 |
| 20 | 20 | -33 | -43 | -35 | -26 | 9 |
| 40 | 21 | -37 | -50 | -42 | -29 | 6 |
| 80 | 23 | -45 | -60 | -50 | -37 | 5 |
In three multicenter, double-blind trials in patients with hyperlipidemia, atorvastatin calcium tablets was compared to other statins. After randomization, patients were treated for 16 weeks with either atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg per day or a fixed dose of the comparative agent (
Table 9).
Table 9: Mean Percentage Change From Baseline at Endpoint (Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled Trials)Treatment (Daily Dosage)
| N | Total-C | LDL-C | Apo B | TG | HDL-C |
| Trial 1 | | | | | | |
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg | 707 | -27
A negative value for the 95% CI for the difference between treatments favors atorvastatin calcium tablets for all except HDL-C, for which a positive value favors atorvastatin calcium tablets. If the range does not include 0, this indicates a statistically significant difference. | -36
| -28
| -17
| +7 |
| Lovastatin 20 mg | 191 | -19 | -27 | -20 | -6 | +7 |
| 95% CI for Diff
Significantly different from lovastatin, ANCOVA, p ≤0.05 | | -9.2, -6.5 | -10.7, -7.1 | -10.0, -6.5 | -15.2, -7.1 | -1.7, 2.0 |
| Trial 2 | | | | | | |
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg | 222 | -25
Significantly different from pravastatin, ANCOVA, p ≤0.05 | -35
| -27
| -17
| +6 |
| Pravastatin 20 mg | 77 | -17 | -23 | -17 | -9 | +8 |
| 95% CI for Diff
| | -10.8, -6.1 | -14.5, -8.2 | -13.4, -7.4 | -14.1, -0.7 | -4.9, 1.6 |
| Trial 3 | | | | | | |
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg | 132 | -29
Significantly different from simvastatin, ANCOVA, p ≤0.05 | -37
| -34
| -23
| +7 |
| Simvastatin 10 mg | 45 | -24 | -30 | -30 | -15 | +7 |
| 95% CI for Diff
| | -8.7, -2.7 | -10.1, -2.6 | -8.0, -1.1 | -15.1, -0.7 | -4.3, 3.9 |
Table 9does not contain data comparing the effects of atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg and higher doses of lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin. The drugs compared in the trials summarized in the table are not necessarily exchangeable.
Hypertriglyceridemia in Adults
The response to atorvastatin calcium tablets in 64 patients with isolated hypertriglyceridemia treated across several clinical trials is shown in the table below (Table 10). For the atorvastatin calcium tablets -treated patients, median (min, max) baseline TG level was 565 (267-1502).
Table 10: Combined Patients with Isolated Elevated TG: Median (min, max) Percentage Change From Baseline | Placebo
(N=12)
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg
(N=37)
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 20 mg
(N=13)
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg
(N=14)
|
| TG | -12.4 (36.6, 82.7) | -41.0 (-76.2, 49.4) | -38.7 (-62.7, 29.5) | -51.8 (82.8, 41.3) |
| Total-C | -2.3 (-15.5, 24.4) | -28.2 (-44.9, -6.8) | -34.9 (-49.6, -15.2) | -44.4 (-63.5, -3.8) |
| LDL-C | 3.6 (-31.3, 31.6) | -26.5 (-57.7, 9.8) | -30.4 (-53.9, 0.3) | -40.5 (-60.6, -13.8) |
| HDL-C | 3.8 (-18.6, 13.4) | 13.8 (-9.7, 61.5) | 11.0 (-3.2, 25.2) | 7.5 (-10.8, 37.2) |
| non-HDL-C | -2.8 (-17.6, 30.0) | -33.0 (-52.1, -13.3) | -42.7 (-53.7, -17.4) | -51.5 (-72.9, -4.3) |
Dysbetalipoproteinemia in Adults
The results of an open-label crossover trial of 16 patients (genotypes: 14 apo E2/E2 and 2 apo E3/E2) with dysbetalipoproteinemia are shown in the table below (Table 11).
Table 11: Open-Label Crossover Trial of 16 Patients with Dysbetalipoproteinemia | | Median % Change (min, max) |
| Median (min, max) at Baseline (mg/dL) | Atorvastatin calcium tablets 10 mg | Atorvastatin calcium tablets 80 mg |
| Total-C | 442 (225, 1320) | -37 (-85, 17) | -58 (-90, -31) |
| TG | 678 (273, 5990) | -39 (-92, -8) | -53 (-95, -30) |
| IDL-C + VLDL-C | 215 (111, 613) | -32 (-76, 9) | -63 (-90, -8) |
| non-HDL-C | 411 (218, 1272) | -43 (-87, -19) | -64 (-92, -36) |
HoFH in Adults and Pediatric Patients
In a trial without a concurrent control group, 29 patients (mean age of 22 years, median age of 24 years, 31% <18 years) with HoFH received maximum daily doses of 20 to 80 mg of atorvastatin calcium tablets. The mean LDL-C reduction in this trial was 18%. Twenty-five patients with a reduction in LDL-C had a mean response of 20% (range of 7% to 53%, median of 24%); the remaining 4 patients had 7% to 24% increases in LDL-C. Five of the 29 patients had absent LDL-receptor function. Of these, 2 patients also had a portacaval shunt and had no significant reduction in LDL-C. The remaining 3 receptor-negative patients had a mean LDL-C reduction of 22%.
HeFH in Pediatric Patients
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial followed by an open-label phase, 187 males and post-menarchal females 10 years to 17 years of age (mean age 14.1 years; 31% female; 92% White, 1.6% Black or African American, 1.6% Asian, 4.8% other) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) or severe hypercholesterolemia, were randomized to atorvastatin calcium tablets (n=140) or placebo (n=47) for 26 weeks and then all received atorvastatin calcium tablets for 26 weeks. Inclusion in the trial required 1) a baseline LDL-C level ≥190 mg/dL or 2) a baseline LDL-C level ≥160 mg/dL and positive family history of FH or documented premature cardiovascular disease in a first or second- degree relative. The mean baseline LDL-C value was 219 mg/dL (range: 139 to 385 mg/dL) in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group compared to 230 mg/dL (range: 160 to 325 mg/dL) in the placebo group. The dosage of atorvastatin calcium tablets (once daily) was 10 mg for the first 4 weeks and uptitrated to 20 mg if the LDL-C level was >130 mg/dL. The number of atorvastatin calcium tablets-treated patients who required uptitration to 20 mg after Week 4 during the double-blind phase was 78 (56%).
Atorvastatin calcium tablets significantly decreased plasma levels of total-C, LDL-C, TG, and apolipoprotein B during the 26-week double-blind phase (see
Table 12).
Table 12: Lipid-altering Effects of Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets in Adolescent Males and Females with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Severe Hypercholesterolemia (Mean Percentage Change From Baseline at Endpoint in Intention-to-Treat Population)| DOSAGE | N | Total-C | LDL-C | HDL-C | TG | Apolipoprotein B |
| Placebo | 47 | -1.5 | -0.4 | -1.9 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
| Atorvastatin calcium tablets | 140 | -31.4 | -39.6 | 2.8 | -12.0 | -34.0 |
The mean achieved LDL-C value was 130.7 mg/dL (range: 70.0 to 242.0 mg/dL) in the atorvastatin calcium tablets group compared to 228.5 mg/dL (range: 152.0 to 385.0 mg/dL) in the placebo group during the 26-week double-blind phase.
Atorvastatin was also studied in a three year open-label, uncontrolled trial that included 163 patients with HeFH who were 10 years to 15 years old (82 males and 81 females). All patients had a clinical diagnosis of HeFH confirmed by genetic analysis (if not already confirmed by family history). Approximately 98% were White, and less than 1% were Black, African American or Asian. Mean LDL-C at baseline was 232 mg/dL. The starting atorvastatin dosage was 10 mg once daily and doses were adjusted to achieve a target of <130 mg/dL LDL-C. The reductions in LDL-C from baseline were generally consistent across age groups within the trial as well as with previous clinical trials in both adult and pediatric placebo-controlled trials.