Children 6 Months Through 8 Years of Age
Study 1 (NCT01240746, see http://clinicaltrials.gov) was a single-blind, randomized, active-controlled multi-center safety and immunogenicity study conducted in the US. In this study, children 6 months through 35 months of age received one or two 0.25 mL doses of either Fluzone Quadrivalent or one of two formulations of a comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV-1 or TIV-2), and children 3 years through 8 years of age received one or two 0.5 mL doses of either Fluzone Quadrivalent, TIV-1, or TIV-2. Each of the trivalent formulations contained an influenza type B virus that corresponded to one of the two type B viruses in Fluzone Quadrivalent (a type B virus of the Victoria lineage or a type B virus of the Yamagata lineage). For participants who received two doses, the doses were administered approximately 4 weeks apart. The safety analysis set included 1841 children 6 months through 35 months of age and 2506 children 3 years through 8 years of age. Among participants 6 months through 8 years of age in the three vaccine groups combined, 49.3% were female (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 49.2%; TIV-1, 49.8%; TIV-2, 49.4%), 58.4% Caucasian (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 58.4%; TIV-1, 58.9%; TIV-2, 57.8%), 20.2% Black (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 20.5%; TIV-1, 19.9%; TIV-2, 19.1%), 14.1% Hispanic (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 14.3%; TIV-1, 13.2%; TIV-2, 14.7%), and 7.3% were of other racial/ethnic groups (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 6.8%; TIV-1, 8.0%; TIV-2, 8.5%). Table 2 and Table 3 summarize solicited injection-site and systemic adverse reactions reported within 7 days post-vaccination via diary cards. Participants were monitored for unsolicited adverse events for 28 days after each dose and serious adverse events (SAEs) during the 6 months following the last dose.
Table 2: Study 1NCT01240746
: Percentage of Solicited Injection-site and Systemic Adverse Reactions Within 7 Days After Vaccination in Children 6 Months Through 35 Months of Age (Safety Analysis Set)The safety analysis set includes all persons who received at least one dose of study vaccine
| Fluzone Quadrivalent Fluzone Quadrivalent containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage) (NN is the number of participants in the safety analysis set =1223) | TIV-1 2010-2011 Fluzone TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), licensed (B Victoria) (N=310) | TIV-2 Investigational TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage), non-licensed (B Yamagata) (N=308) |
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Any (%) | Grade 2 Grade 2 - Injection-site pain: sufficiently discomforting to interfere with normal behavior or activities; Injection-site tenderness: cries and protests when injection-site is touched; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling: ≥2.5 cm to <5 cm; Fever: >101.3°F to ≤103.1°F (6 months through 23 months); ≥101.2°F to ≤102.0°F (24 months through 35 months); Malaise, Myalgia, and Headache: some interference with activity; Irritability: requiring increased attention; Crying abnormal: 1 to 3 hours; Drowsiness: not interested in surroundings or did not wake up for a feed/meal; Appetite loss: missed 1 or 2 feeds/meals completely; Vomiting: 2 to 5 episodes per 24 hours (%) | Grade 3 Grade 3 - Injection-site pain: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities; Injection-site tenderness: cries when injected limb is moved, or the movement of the injected limb is reduced; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling: ≥5 cm; Fever: >103.1°F (6 months through 23 months); ≥102.1°F (24 months through 35 months); Malaise, Myalgia, and Headache: Significant; prevents daily activity; Irritability: inconsolable; Crying abnormal: >3 hours; Drowsiness: sleeping most of the time or difficult to wake up; Appetite loss: refuses ≥3 feeds/meals or refuses most feeds/meals; Vomiting: ≥6 episodes per 24 hours or requiring parenteral hydration (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) |
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| Injection-site adverse reactions | |
| Pain Assessed in children 24 months through 35 months of age | 57.0 | 10.2 | 1.0 | 52.3 | 11.5 | 0.8 | 50.3 | 5.4 | 2.7 |
| Tenderness Assessed in children 6 months through 23 months of age | 54.1 | 11.3 | 1.9 | 48.4 | 8.2 | 1.9 | 49.7 | 10.3 | 0.0 |
| Erythema | 37.3 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 32.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Swelling | 21.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 19.7 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Systemic adverse reactions | |
| Fever (≥100.4°F) Fever measured by any route | 14.3 | 5.5 | 2.1 | 16.0 | 6.6 | 1.7 | 13.0 | 4.1 | 2.0 |
| Malaise | 38.1 | 14.5 | 4.6 | 35.2 | 14.8 | 4.7 | 32.4 | 12.8 | 6.8 |
| Myalgia | 26.7 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 26.6 | 9.4 | 1.6 | 25.0 | 6.8 | 2.7 |
| Headache | 8.9 | 2.5 | 0.6 | 9.4 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 12.2 | 4.7 | 0.0 |
| Irritability | 54.0 | 26.4 | 3.2 | 52.8 | 20.1 | 3.1 | 53.5 | 22.9 | 2.8 |
| Crying abnormal | 41.2 | 12.3 | 3.3 | 36.5 | 8.2 | 1.9 | 29.9 | 10.4 | 2.1 |
| Drowsiness | 37.7 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 32.1 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 31.9 | 5.6 | 0.7 |
| Appetite loss | 32.3 | 9.1 | 1.8 | 33.3 | 5.7 | 1.9 | 25.0 | 8.3 | 0.7 |
| Vomiting | 14.8 | 6.2 | 1.0 | 11.3 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 13.9 | 6.3 | 0.0 |
Table 3: Study 1NCT01240746
: Percentage of Solicited Injection-site and Systemic Adverse Reactions Within 7 Days After Vaccination in Children 3 Years Through 8 Years of Age (Safety Analysis Set)The safety analysis set includes all persons who received at least one dose of study vaccine
| Fluzone Quadrivalent Fluzone Quadrivalent containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage) (NN is the number of participants in the safety analysis set =1669)
| TIV-1 2010-2011 Fluzone TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), licensed (B Victoria) (N=424)
| TIV-2 Investigational TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage), non-licensed (B Yamagata) (N=413)
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Any (%) | Grade 2 Grade 2 - Injection-site pain: sufficiently discomforting to interfere with normal behavior or activities; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling: ≥2.5 cm to <5 cm; Fever: ≥101.2°F to ≤102.0°F; Headache, Malaise, and Myalgia: some interference with activity (%) | Grade 3 Grade 3 - Injection-site pain: incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling: ≥5 cm; Fever: ≥102.1°F; Headache, Malaise, and Myalgia: Significant; prevents daily activity (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) |
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| Injection-site adverse reactions | |
| Pain | 66.6 | 15.8 | 2.1 | 64.6 | 9.5 | 2.0 | 63.8 | 11.6 | 2.8 |
| Erythema | 34.1 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 36.8 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 35.2 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
| Swelling | 24.8 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 25.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 25.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
| Systemic adverse reactions | |
Fever (≥100.4°F)Fever measured by any route | 7.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 7.6 | 2.8 | 0.8 |
| Headache | 23.1 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 21.2 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 24.4 | 7.5 | 2.0 |
| Malaise | 31.9 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 32.8 | 11.4 | 5.6 | 33.4 | 10.8 | 5.0 |
| Myalgia | 38.6 | 12.2 | 3.3 | 34.1 | 9.0 | 2.7 | 38.4 | 11.1 | 2.8 |
Among children 6 months through 8 years of age, unsolicited non-serious adverse events were reported in 1360 (47.0%) recipients in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group, 352 (48.0%) recipients in the TIV-1 group, and 346 (48.0%) recipients in the TIV-2 group. The most commonly reported unsolicited non-serious adverse events were cough, vomiting, and pyrexia. During the 28 days following vaccination, a total of 16 (0.6%) recipients in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group, 4 (0.5%) recipients in the TIV-1 group, and 4 (0.6%) recipients in the TIV-2 group, experienced at least one SAE; no deaths occurred. Throughout the study period, a total of 41 (1.4%) recipients in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group, 7 (1.0%) recipients in the TIV-1 group, and 14 (1.9%) recipients in the TIV-2 group, experienced at least one SAE. Three SAEs were considered to be possibly related to vaccination: croup in a Fluzone Quadrivalent recipient and 2 episodes of febrile seizure, 1 each in a TIV-1 recipient and a TIV-2 recipient. One death occurred in the TIV-1 group (a drowning 43 days post-vaccination).
Adults
In study 2 (NCT00988143, see http://clinicaltrials.gov), a multi-centered randomized, open-label trial conducted in the US, adults 18 years of age and older received one dose of either Fluzone Quadrivalent or one of two formulations of comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV-1 or TIV-2). Each of the trivalent formulations contained an influenza type B virus that corresponded to one of the two type B viruses in Fluzone Quadrivalent (a type B virus of the Victoria lineage or a type B virus of the Yamagata lineage). The safety analysis set included 570 recipients, half aged 18-60 years and half aged 61 years or older. Among participants in the three vaccine groups combined, 67.2% were female (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 68.4%; TIV-1, 67.9%; TIV-2, 65.3%), 88.4% Caucasian (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 91.1%; TIV-1, 86.8%; TIV-2, 87.4%), 9.6% Black (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 6.8%; TIV-1, 12.1%; TIV-2, 10.0%), 0.4% Hispanic (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 0.0%; TIV-1, 0.5%; TIV-2, 0.5%), and 1.7% were of other racial/ethnic groups (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 2.1%; TIV-1, 0.5%; TIV-2, 2.2%). Table 4 summarizes solicited injection-site and systemic adverse reactions reported within 3 days post-vaccination via diary cards. Participants were monitored for unsolicited adverse events and SAEs during the 21 days following vaccination.
Table 4: Study 2NCT00988143
: Percentage of Solicited Injection-site and Systemic Adverse Reactions Within 3 Days After Vaccination in Adults 18 Years of Age and Older (Safety Analysis Set)The safety analysis set includes all persons who received study vaccine
| Fluzone Quadrivalent Fluzone Quadrivalent containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage) (NN is the number of participants in the safety analysis set =190) | TIV-1 2009-2010 Fluzone TIV containing A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), licensed (B Victoria) (N=190) | TIV-2 2008-2009 Fluzone TIV containing A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Uruguay/716/2007 (H3N2), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage), licensed (B Yamagata) (N=190) |
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| Any (%) | Grade 2 Grade 2 - Injection-site pain: Some interference with activity; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling, Injection-site induration, and Injection-site ecchymosis: ≥5.1 to ≤10 cm; Fever: ≥101.2°F to ≤102.0°F; Myalgia, Headache, Malaise, and Shivering: some interference with activity (%) | Grade 3 Grade 3 - Injection-site pain: Significant; prevents daily activity; Injection-site erythema, Injection-site swelling, Injection-site induration, and Injection-site ecchymosis: >10 cm; Fever: ≥102.1°F; Myalgia, Headache, Malaise, and Shivering: Significant; prevents daily activity (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) |
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| Injection-site adverse reactions | |
| Pain | 47.4 | 6.8 | 0.5 | 52.1 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 43.2 | 6.3 | 0.0 |
| Erythema | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
| Swelling | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Induration | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Ecchymosis | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Systemic adverse reactions | |
| Myalgia | 23.7 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 25.3 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 16.8 | 5.8 | 0.0 |
| Headache | 15.8 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 18.4 | 6.3 | 0.5 | 18.0 | 4.2 | 0.0 |
| Malaise | 10.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 14.7 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 12.1 | 4.7 | 0.5 |
| Shivering | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 5.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
Fever (≥100.4°F)Fever measured by any route | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
Unsolicited non-serious adverse events were reported in 33 (17.4%) recipients in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group, 45 (23.7%) recipients in the TIV-1 group, and 45 (23.7%) recipients in the TIV-2 group. The most commonly reported unsolicited non-serious adverse events were headache, cough, and oropharyngeal pain. In the follow-up period, there were two SAEs, 1 (0.5%) in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group and 1 (0.5%) in the TIV-2 group. No deaths were reported during the trial period.
Geriatric Adults
In Study 3 (NCT01218646, see http://clinicaltrials.gov), a multi-center, randomized, double-blind trial conducted in the US, adults 65 years of age and older received one dose of either Fluzone Quadrivalent, or one of two formulations of comparator trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV-1 or TIV-2). Each of the trivalent formulations contained an influenza type B virus that corresponded to one of the two type B viruses in Fluzone Quadrivalent (a type B virus of the Victoria lineage or a type B virus of the Yamagata lineage). The safety analysis set included 675 recipients. Among participants in the three vaccine groups combined, 55.7% were female (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 57.3%; TIV-1, 56.0%; TIV-2, 53.8%), 89.5% Caucasian (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 87.6%; TIV-1, 89.8%; TIV-2, 91.1%), 2.2% Black (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 4.0%; TIV-1, 1.8%; TIV-2, 0.9%), 7.4% Hispanic (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 8.4%; TIV-1, 7.6%; TIV-2, 6.2%) and 0.9% were of other racial/ethnic groups (Fluzone Quadrivalent, 0.0%; TIV-1, 0.9%; TIV-2, 1.8%).
Table 5 summarizes solicited injection-site and systemic adverse reactions reported within 7 days post-vaccination via diary cards. Participants were monitored for unsolicited adverse events and SAEs during the 21 days following vaccination.
Table 5: Study 3NCT01218646
: Percentage of Solicited Injection-site and Systemic Adverse Reactions Within 7 Days After Vaccination in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older (Safety Analysis Set)The safety analysis set includes all persons who received study vaccine
| Fluzone Quadrivalent Fluzone Quadrivalent containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage) (NN is the number of participants in the safety analysis set =225) | TIV-1 2010-2011 Fluzone TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (Victoria lineage), licensed (B Victoria) (N=225) | TIV-2 Investigational TIV containing A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/Victoria/210/2009 (H3N2), and B/Florida/04/2006 (Yamagata lineage), non-licensed (B Yamagata) (N=225) |
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| Any (%) | Grade 2 Grade 2 - Injection-site pain: some interference with activity; Injection-site erythema and Injection-site swelling: ≥5.1 to ≤10 cm; Fever: ≥101.2°F to ≤102.0°F; Myalgia, Headache, and Malaise: some interference with activity (%) | Grade 3 Grade 3 - Injection-site pain: Significant; prevents daily activity; Injection-site erythema and Injection-site swelling: >10 cm; Fever: ≥102.1°F; Myalgia, Headache, and Malaise: Significant; prevents daily activity (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) | Any (%) | Grade 2 (%) | Grade 3 (%) |
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| Injection-site adverse reactions | |
| Pain | 32.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 28.6 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 23.1 | 0.9 | 0.0 |
| Erythema | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Swelling | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Systemic adverse reactions | |
| Myalgia | 18.3 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 18.3 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 14.2 | 2.7 | 0.4 |
| Headache | 13.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 11.6 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 11.6 | 1.8 | 0.4 |
| Malaise | 10.7 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 6.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 11.6 | 2.7 | 0.9 |
Fever (≥100.4°F)Fever measured by any route | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Unsolicited non-serious adverse events were reported in 28 (12.4%) recipients in the Fluzone Quadrivalent group, 22 (9.8%) recipients in the TIV-1 group, and 22 (9.8%) recipients in the TIV-2 group. The most commonly reported adverse events were oropharyngeal pain, rhinorrhea, injection-site induration, and headache. Three SAEs were reported during the follow-up period, 2 (0.9%) in the TIV-1 group and 1 (0.4%) in the TIV-2 group. No deaths were reported during the trial period.
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