Adverse Reactions in the Clinical Trials of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pool of Two Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in Adults
The data in Table 1 are derived from 2 placebo-controlled trials [1 monotherapy trial (SURPASS-1) and 1 trial in combination with basal insulin with or without metformin (SURPASS-5)] in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14.2, 14.4)]. These data reflect exposure of 718 patients to MOUNJARO and a mean duration of exposure to MOUNJARO of 36.6 weeks. The mean age of patients was 58 years, 4% were 75 years or older and 54% were male. The population was 57% White, 27% Asian, 13% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 3% Black or African American; 25% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus for an average of 9.1 years with a mean HbA1c of 8.1%. As assessed by baseline fundoscopic examination, 13% of the population had retinopathy. At baseline, eGFR was ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 53%, 60 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 39%, 45 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 7%, and 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 1% of patients.
Pool of Seven Controlled Clinical Trials
Adverse reactions were also evaluated in a larger pool of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in seven controlled clinical trials which included two placebo-controlled trials (SURPASS-1 and -5), three trials of MOUNJARO in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or SGLT2 Inhibitors (SURPASS-2, -3, -4) [see Clinical Studies (14.3)] and two additional trials conducted in Japan. In this pool, a total of 5119 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were treated with MOUNJARO for a mean duration of 48.1 weeks. The mean age of patients was 58 years, 4% were 75 years or older and 58% were male. The population was 65% White, 24% Asian, 7% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 3% Black or African American; 38% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus for an average of 9.1 years with a mean HbA1c of 8.3%. As assessed by baseline fundoscopic examination, 15% of the population had retinopathy. At baseline, eGFR was ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 52%, 60 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 40%, 45 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 6%, and 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 1% of patients.
Common Adverse Reactions
Table 1 shows common adverse reactions, not including hypoglycemia, associated with the use of MOUNJARO in the pool of placebo-controlled trials in adults. These adverse reactions occurred more commonly on MOUNJARO than on placebo and occurred in at least 5% of patients treated with MOUNJARO.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions in Pool of Placebo-Controlled Trials Reported in ≥5% of MOUNJARO-treated Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Note: Percentages reflect the number of patients who reported at least 1 occurrence of the adverse reaction.
|
| Adverse Reaction | Placebo (N=235) % | MOUNJARO 5 mg (N=237) % | MOUNJARO 10 mg (N=240) % | MOUNJARO 15 mg (N=241) % |
| Nausea
| 4
| 12
| 15
| 18
|
| Diarrhea
| 9
| 12
| 13
| 17
|
| Decreased Appetite
| 1
| 5
| 10
| 11
|
| Vomiting
| 2
| 5
| 5
| 9
|
| Constipation
| 1
| 6
| 6
| 7
|
| Dyspepsia
| 3
| 8
| 8
| 5
|
| Abdominal Pain
| 4
| 6
| 5
| 5
|
In the pool of seven clinical trials in adults, the types and frequency of common adverse reactions, not including hypoglycemia, were similar to those listed in Table 1.
Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions
In the pool of placebo-controlled trials in adults, gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurred more frequently among patients receiving MOUNJARO than placebo (placebo 20.4%, MOUNJARO 5 mg 37.1%, MOUNJARO 10 mg 39.6%, MOUNJARO 15 mg 43.6%). More patients receiving MOUNJARO 5 mg (3.0%), MOUNJARO 10 mg (5.4%), and MOUNJARO 15 mg (6.6%) discontinued treatment due to gastrointestinal adverse reactions than patients receiving placebo (0.4%). The majority of reports of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea occurred during dose escalation and decreased over time.
The following gastrointestinal adverse reactions were reported more frequently in MOUNJARO-treated adult patients than placebo-treated patients (frequencies listed, respectively, as: placebo; 5 mg; 10 mg; 15 mg): eructation (0.4%, 3.0%, 2.5%, 3.3%), flatulence (0%, 1.3%, 2.5%, 2.9%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (0.4%, 1.7%, 2.5%, 1.7%), abdominal distension (0.4%, 0.4%, 2.9%, 0.8%).
Other Adverse Reactions in Adults
Hypoglycemia
Table 2 summarizes the incidence of hypoglycemic events in the placebo-controlled trials in adults.
Table 2: Hypoglycemia Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Trials in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Note: Percentages reflect the number of patients who reported at least 1 episode of hypoglycemia in respective categories.
|
* Reflects the study treatment period. Data include events occurring during 4 weeks of treatment-free safety follow up. Events after introduction of a new glucose-lowering treatment are excluded.
|
** Episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.
|
|
| Placebo
% | MOUNJARO 5 mg % | MOUNJARO 10 mg % | MOUNJARO 15 mg % |
| Monotherapy
| | | | |
| (40 weeks)*
| N=115
| N=121
| N=119
| N=120
|
| Blood glucose <54 mg/dL
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
| Severe hypoglycemia**
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
| Add-on to Basal Insulin with or without Metformin
| | | | |
| (40 weeks)*
| N=120
| N=116
| N=119
| N=120
|
| Blood glucose <54 mg/dL
| 13
| 16
| 19
| 14
|
| Severe hypoglycemia**
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 1
|
Hypoglycemia was more frequent when MOUNJARO was used in combination with a sulfonylurea [see Clinical Studies (14)]. In an adult clinical trial up to 104 weeks of treatment, when administered with a sulfonylurea, hypoglycemia (glucose level <54 mg/dL) occurred in 13.8%, 9.9%, and 12.8%, and severe hypoglycemia occurred in 0.5%, 0%, and 0.6% of patients treated with MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively.
Acute Pancreatitis
In clinical studies, 14 events of acute pancreatitis were confirmed by adjudication in 13 MOUNJARO-treated adult patients (0.23 patients per 100 years of exposure) versus 3 events in 3 comparator-treated patients (0.11 patients per 100 years of exposure).
Heart Rate Increase
In the pool of placebo-controlled trials, treatment of adults with MOUNJARO resulted in a mean increase in heart rate of 2 to 4 beats per minute compared to a mean increase of 1 beat per minute in placebo-treated patients. Episodes of sinus tachycardia, associated with a concomitant increase from baseline in heart rate of ≥15 beats per minute, also were reported in 4.3%, 4.6%, 5.9% and 10% of subjects treated with placebo, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. For patients enrolled in Japan, these episodes were reported in 7% (3/43), 7.1% (3/42), 9.3% (4/43), and 23% (10/43) of patients treated with placebo, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. The clinical relevance of heart rate increases is uncertain.
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with MOUNJARO in the pool of placebo-controlled trials in adults, sometimes severe (e.g., urticaria and eczema); hypersensitivity reactions were reported in 3.2% of MOUNJARO-treated patients compared to 1.7% of placebo-treated patients.
In the pool of seven clinical trials in adults, hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 106/2,570 (4.1%) of MOUNJARO-treated adult patients with anti-tirzepatide antibodies and in 73/2,455 (3.0%) of MOUNJARO-treated patients who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies. In the clinical trial in pediatric patients 10 years of age and older, hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 2/50 (4%) of MOUNJARO-treated pediatric patients with anti-tirzepatide antibodies and in 0/43 (0%) of MOUNJARO-treated pediatric patients who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.6)].
Injection Site Reactions
In the pool of placebo-controlled trials in adults, injection site reactions were reported in 3.2% of MOUNJARO-treated patients compared to 0.4% of placebo-treated patients.
In the pool of seven clinical trials, injection site reactions occurred in 119/2,570 (4.6%) of MOUNJARO-treated adult patients with anti-tirzepatide antibodies and in 18/2,455 (0.7%) of MOUNJARO-treated adult patients who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies. In the clinical trial in pediatric patients 10 years of age and older, injection site reactions occurred in 3/50 (6%) of MOUNJARO-treated pediatric patients with anti-tirzepatide antibodies and in 0/43 (0%) of MOUNJARO-treated pediatric patients who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.6)].
Acute Gallbladder Disease
In the pool of placebo-controlled clinical trials in adults, acute gallbladder disease (cholelithiasis, biliary colic and cholecystectomy) was reported by 0.6% of MOUNJARO-treated patients and 0% of placebo-treated patients.
Dysesthesia
In the pool of placebo-controlled clinical trials in adults, dysesthesia was reported by 0.4%, 0.4%, and 0.4% of patients treated with MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. No events were reported by patients receiving placebo.
Dysgeusia
In the pool of placebo-controlled clinical trials in adults, dysgeusia was reported by 0.1% of MOUNJARO-treated patients and 0% of placebo-treated patients.
Laboratory Abnormalities
Amylase and Lipase Increase
In the pool of placebo-controlled adult clinical trials, treatment with MOUNJARO resulted in mean increases from baseline in serum pancreatic amylase concentrations of 33% to 38% and serum lipase concentrations of 31% to 42%. Placebo-treated patients had a mean increase from baseline in pancreatic amylase of 4% and no changes were observed in lipase. The clinical significance of elevations in lipase or amylase with MOUNJARO is unknown in the absence of other signs and symptoms of pancreatitis.
Adverse Reactions in the Clinical Trial of Pediatric Patients 10 Years of Age and Older with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
MOUNJARO was administered to 97 pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus for a mean duration of 39.9 weeks [see Clinical Studies (14.5)]. The mean age was 15 years and 61% of patients were female. The population was 58% White, 11% Black or African American, 6% Asian, 20% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 5% were other races; 66% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, pediatric patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus for an average of 2.4 years with a mean HbA1c of 8.0%.
The incidences of adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients treated with MOUNJARO 5 mg and 10 mg subcutaneously once-weekly were consistent with those described above for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with the exception of a higher incidence of vomiting, abdominal pain, and hypoglycemia. During the 30-week placebo-controlled period of the study, vomiting occurred in 3%, 16%, and 12% of patients and abdominal pain occurred in 9%, 22%, and 15% of patients treated with placebo, MOUNJARO 5 mg, and 10 mg, respectively.
No severe hypoglycemia episodes were reported during the trial. Table 3 summarizes the incidence of hypoglycemic events with blood glucose <54 mg/dL in the trial.
Table 3: Hypoglycemia Adverse Reactions in the 30 Week Trial of MOUNJARO Added to Metformin or Basal Insulin, or Both in Pediatric Patients 10 Years of Age and Older with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Note: Percentages reflect the number of patients who reported at least 1 episode of blood glucose <54 mg/dL.
|
a Events after the introduction of a new glucose-lowering treatment are excluded.
|
| Placebo % | MOUNJARO 5 mg % | MOUNJARO 10 mg % |
| Add on to basal insulin with or without metformina | N=10
| N=10
| N=11
|
| Blood glucose <54 mg/dL
| 10
| 30
| 27
|
| Add on to metformin alonea | N=24
| N=22
| N=22
|
| Blood glucose <54 mg/dL
| 4
| 9
| 9
|
Risk Summary
Available data with MOUNJARO use in pregnant women are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-related risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). Based on animal reproduction studies, there may be risks to the fetus from exposure to tirzepatide during pregnancy. MOUNJARO should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
In pregnant rats administered tirzepatide during organogenesis, fetal growth reductions and fetal abnormalities occurred at clinical exposure in maternal rats based on AUC. In rabbits administered tirzepatide during organogenesis, fetal growth reductions were observed at clinically relevant exposures based on AUC. These adverse embryo/fetal effects in animals coincided with pharmacological effects on maternal weight and food consumption (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects is 6–10% in women with pre-gestational diabetes with an HbA1c >7% and has been reported to be as high as 20–25% in women with an HbA1c >10%. The estimated background risk of miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk
Poorly controlled diabetes in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for diabetic ketoacidosis, pre-eclampsia, spontaneous abortions, preterm delivery, and delivery complications. Poorly controlled diabetes increases the fetal risk for major birth defects, stillbirth, and macrosomia-related morbidity.
Data
Animal Data
In pregnant rats given twice weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg tirzepatide (0.03-, 0.07-, and 0.5-fold the MRHD of 15 mg once weekly based on AUC) during organogenesis, increased incidences of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations, increased incidences of visceral and skeletal developmental variations, and decreased fetal weights coincided with pharmacologically-mediated reductions in maternal body weights and food consumption at 0.5 mg/kg. In pregnant rabbits given once weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg tirzepatide (0.01-, 0.06-, and 0.2-fold the MRHD) during organogenesis, pharmacologically-mediated effects on the gastrointestinal system resulting in maternal mortality or abortion in a few rabbits occurred at all dose levels. Reduced fetal weights associated with decreased maternal food consumption and body weights were observed at 0.1 mg/kg. In a pre- and post-natal study in rats administered subcutaneous doses of 0.02, 0.10, or 0.25 mg/kg tirzepatide twice weekly from implantation through lactation, F1 pups from F0 maternal rats given 0.25 mg/kg tirzepatide had statistically significant lower mean body weight when compared to controls from post-natal day 7 through post-natal day 126 for males and post-natal day 56 for females.
Risk Summary
In a single-dose clinical lactation study, the concentration of tirzepatide in breast milk was found to be either undetectable or low compared to the maternal administered dose (see Data). There are no available data on the effects of tirzepatide on the breastfed infant or on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for MOUNJARO and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from MOUNJARO or from the underlying maternal condition.
Data
Following subcutaneous administration of a single 5 mg dose to 11 healthy lactating adult females, the concentration of tirzepatide in breast milk was found to be undetectable (limit of detection in breast milk 4 ng/mL) in 164/171 samples assayed. The cumulative amount of tirzepatide detected in the remaining 7 breast milk samples over the 28-day sampling window was equivalent to less than 0.02% of the maternal administered dose, with the last measurable concentrations occurring 5 days post-dose. The AUC of tirzepatide in breast milk could not be calculated, due to insufficient quantifiable concentrations.
Contraception
Use of MOUNJARO may reduce the efficacy of oral hormonal contraceptives due to delayed gastric emptying. This delay is largest after the first dose and diminishes over time. Advise patients using oral hormonal contraceptives to switch to a non-oral contraceptive method or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after initiation and for 4 weeks after each dose escalation with MOUNJARO [see Drug Interactions (7.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.2, 12.3)].
First and Second-Phase Insulin Secretion
Tirzepatide enhances the first- and second-phase insulin secretion. (Figure 1)
Figure 1: Mean insulin concentration at 0-120 minutes during hyperglycemic clamp at baseline and Week 28
Figure 1 (Moun Uspi F1 V1)
Insulin Sensitivity
Tirzepatide increases insulin sensitivity, as demonstrated in a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study after 28 weeks of treatment.
Glucagon Secretion
Tirzepatide reduces fasting and postprandial glucagon concentrations. Tirzepatide 15 mg reduced fasting glucagon concentration by 28% and glucagon AUC after a mixed meal by 43%, compared with no change for placebo after 28 weeks of treatment.
Gastric Emptying
Tirzepatide delays gastric emptying. The delay is largest after the first dose and this effect diminishes over time. Tirzepatide slows post-meal glucose absorption, reducing postprandial glucose.
Absorption
Following subcutaneous administration, the time to maximum plasma concentration of tirzepatide ranges from 8 to 72 hours. The mean absolute bioavailability of tirzepatide following subcutaneous administration is 80%. Similar exposure was achieved with subcutaneous administration of tirzepatide in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm.
Distribution
The mean apparent steady-state volume of distribution of tirzepatide following subcutaneous administration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is approximately 10.3 L. Tirzepatide is highly bound to plasma albumin (99%).
Elimination
The apparent population mean clearance of tirzepatide is 0.061 L/h with an elimination half-life of approximately 5 days, enabling once-weekly dosing.
Metabolism
Tirzepatide is metabolized by proteolytic cleavage of the peptide backbone, beta-oxidation of the C20 fatty diacid and amide hydrolysis.
Excretion
The primary excretion routes of tirzepatide metabolites are via urine and feces. Intact tirzepatide is not observed in urine or feces.
Specific Populations
The intrinsic factors of age, gender, race, ethnicity, or body weight do not have a clinically relevant effect on the PK of tirzepatide.
Pediatric Patients
A population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted for tirzepatide 5 mg and 10 mg using data from 93 pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The tirzepatide exposure in pediatric patients was within the range observed in adult patients.
Patients with Renal Impairment
Renal impairment does not impact the pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide. The pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide after a single 5 mg dose was evaluated in patients with different degrees of renal impairment (mild, moderate, severe, ESRD) compared with subjects with normal renal function. This was also shown for patients with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment based on data from clinical studies [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Hepatic impairment does not impact the pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide. The pharmacokinetics of tirzepatide after a single 5 mg dose was evaluated in patients with different degrees of hepatic impairment (mild, moderate, severe) compared with subjects with normal hepatic function [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Drug Interactions Studies
Potential for Tirzepatide to Influence the Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugs
In vitro studies have shown low potential for tirzepatide to inhibit or induce CYP enzymes, and to inhibit drug transporters.
MOUNJARO delays gastric emptying and thereby has the potential to impact the absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
The impact of tirzepatide on gastric emptying was greatest after a single dose of 5 mg and diminished after subsequent doses.
Following a first dose of tirzepatide 5 mg, acetaminophen maximum concentration (Cmax) was reduced by 50%, and the median peak plasma concentration (tmax) occurred 1 hour later. After coadministration at week 4, there was no meaningful impact on acetaminophen Cmax and tmax. Overall acetaminophen exposure (AUC0-24hr) was not influenced.
Following administration of a combined oral contraceptive (0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.25 mg norgestimate) in the presence of a single dose of tirzepatide 5 mg, mean Cmax of ethinyl estradiol, norgestimate, and norelgestromin was reduced by 59%,66%, and 55%, while mean AUC was reduced by 20%, 21%, and 23%, respectively. A delay in tmax of 2.5 to 4.5 hours was observed.
Add-on to metformin
SURPASS-2 (NCT03987919) was a 40-week open-label trial (double-blind with respect to MOUNJARO dose assignment) that randomized 1879 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on stable doses of metformin alone to the addition of subcutaneous MOUNJARO 5 mg, MOUNJARO 10 mg, or MOUNJARO 15 mg once weekly or subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg once weekly.
Patients had a mean age of 57 years and 47% were men. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 8.6 years, and the mean BMI was 34 kg/m2. Overall, 83% were White, 4% were Black or African American, and 1% were Asian; 70% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
Treatment with MOUNJARO 10 mg and 15 mg once weekly for 40 weeks resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared with semaglutide 1 mg once weekly (see Table 5 and Figure 2).
Table 5: Results at Week 40 in a Trial of MOUNJARO versus Semaglutide 1 mg in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Added to Metformin
a The modified intent-to-treat population consists of all randomly assigned participants who were exposed to at least 1 dose of study drug. Patients who discontinued study treatment because they did not meet study enrollment criteria were excluded. During the trial, rescue medication (additional antihyperglycemic medication) was initiated by 3%, 2%, 1%, and 1% of patients randomized to semaglutide 1 mg, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. At Week 40 the HbA1c endpoint was missing for 5%, 4%, 5%, and 5% of patients randomized to semaglutide 1 mg, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. Missing Week 40 data were imputed using multiple imputation with retrieved dropout.
|
b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
c p<0.05 (two-sided) for superiority versus semaglutide, adjusted for multiplicity.
|
d p<0.001 (two-sided) for superiority versus semaglutide, adjusted for multiplicity.
|
e Analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
f p<0.01 (two-sided) for superiority versus semaglutide, adjusted for multiplicity.
|
| Semaglutide 1 mg | MOUNJARO 5 mg | MOUNJARO 10 mg | MOUNJARO 15 mg |
| Modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) Population (N)a | 468
| 470
| 469
| 469
|
| HbA1c (%)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 8.3
| 8.3
| 8.3
| 8.3
|
| Change at Week 40b | -1.9
| -2.0
| -2.2
| -2.3
|
| Difference from semaglutideb (95% CI)
| --
| -0.2c (-0.3, -0.0)
| -0.4d
(-0.5, -0.3)
| -0.5d (-0.6, -0.3)
|
| Patients (%) achieving HbA1c <7%e | 79
| 82
| 86f | 86f |
| Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 171
| 174
| 174
| 172
|
| Change at Week 40b | -49
| -55
| -59
| -60
|
| Body Weight (kg)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 93.7
| 92.5
| 94.8
| 93.8
|
| Change at Week 40b | -5.7
| -7.6
| -9.3
| -11.2
|
| Difference from semaglutideb (95% CI)
| --
| -1.9c
(-2.8, -1.0)
| -3.6d
(-4.5, -2.7)
| -5.5d (-6.4, -4.6)
|
Figure 2: Mean HbA1c (%) Over Time - Baseline to Week 40
Figure 2 (Moun Uspi F2 V1)
| Number of patients | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| MOUNJARO 5mg | 470
| | | | | | | | | 451
| 470
| |
| MOUNJARO 10mg | 469
| | | | | | | | | 445
| 469
| |
| MOUNJARO 15mg | 469
| | | | | | | | | 447
| 469
| |
| Semaglutide 1mg | 468
| | | | | | | | | 443
| 468
| |
Note: Displayed results are from modified Intent-to-Treat Full Analysis Set. (1) Observed mean value from Week 0 to Week 40, and (2) least-squares mean ± standard error at Week 40 multiple imputation (MI).
Add-on to metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitor
SURPASS-3 (NCT03882970) was a 52-week open-label trial that randomized 1444 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on stable doses of metformin with or without SGLT2 inhibitor to the addition of subcutaneous MOUNJARO 5 mg, MOUNJARO 10 mg, MOUNJARO 15 mg once weekly, or insulin degludec 100 units/mL once daily. In this trial, 32% of patients were on SGLT2 inhibitor. Insulin degludec was initiated at 10 units once daily and adjusted weekly throughout the trial using a treat-to-target algorithm based on self-measured fasting blood glucose values. At Week 52, 26% of patients randomized to insulin degludec achieved the fasting serum glucose target of <90 mg/dL, and the mean daily insulin degludec dose was 49 U (0.5 U per kilogram).
Patients had a mean age of 57 years, and 56% were men. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 8.4 years, and the mean baseline BMI was 34 kg/m2. Overall, 91% were White, 3% were Black or African American, and 5% were Asian; 29% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
Treatment with MOUNJARO 10 mg and 15 mg once weekly for 52 weeks resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared with daily insulin degludec (see Table 6).
Table 6: Results at Week 52 in a Trial of MOUNJARO versus Insulin Degludec in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Added to Metformin with or without SGLT2 Inhibitor
a The modified intent-to-treat population consists of all randomly assigned participants who were exposed to at least 1 dose of study drug. Patients who discontinued study treatment because they did not meet study enrollment criteria were excluded. During the trial, rescue medication (additional antihyperglycemic medication) was initiated by 1%,1%, 1%, and 2% of patients randomized to insulin degludec, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. At Week 52 the HbA1c endpoint was missing for 9%, 6%, 10%, and 5% of patients randomized to insulin degludec, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. Missing Week 52 data were imputed using multiple imputation with retrieved dropout.
|
b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
c p<0.001 (two-sided) for superiority versus insulin degludec, adjusted for multiplicity.
|
d Analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
| Insulin Degludec | MOUNJARO 5 mg | MOUNJARO 10 mg | MOUNJARO 15 mg |
| Modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT)a Population (N)
| 359
| 358
| 360
| 358
|
| HbA1c (%)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 8.1
| 8.2
| 8.2
| 8.2
|
| Change at Week 52b | -1.3
| -1.9
| -2.0
| -2.1
|
| Difference from insulin degludecb (95% CI)
| --
| -0.6c
(-0.7, -0.5)
| -0.8c
(-0.9, -0.6)
| -0.9c
(-1.0, -0.7)
|
| Patients (%) achieving HbA1c <7%d | 58
| 79c | 82c | 83c |
| Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 167
| 172
| 170
| 168
|
| Change at Week 52b | -51
| -47
| -50
| -54
|
| Body Weight (kg)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 94.0
| 94.4
| 93.8
| 94.9
|
| Change at Week 52b | 1.9
| -7.0
| -9.6
| -11.3
|
| Difference from insulin degludecb (95% CI)
| --
| -8.9c
(-10.0, -7.8)
| -11.5c
(-12.6, -10.4)
| -13.2c
(-14.3, -12.1)
|
Add-on to 1-3 oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (metformin, sulfonylurea, or SGLT-2 inhibitor)
SURPASS-4 (NCT03730662) was a 104-week open-label trial (52-week primary endpoint) that randomized 2002 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with increased cardiovascular risk to subcutaneous MOUNJARO 5 mg, MOUNJARO 10 mg, MOUNJARO 15 mg once weekly, or insulin glargine 100 units/mL once daily (1:1:1:3 ratio) on a background of metformin (95%) and/or sulfonylureas (54%) and/or SGLT2 inhibitors (25%).
Patients had a mean age of 64 years, and 63% were men. The mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 11.8 years, and the mean baseline BMI was 33 kg/m2. Overall, 82% were White, 4% were Black or African American, and 4% were Asian; 48% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Across all treatment groups, 87% had a history of cardiovascular disease. At baseline, eGFR was ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 43%, 60 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 40%, 45 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 10%, and 30 to 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 6% of patients.
Insulin glargine was initiated at 10 U once daily and adjusted weekly throughout the trial using a treat-to-target algorithm based on self-measured fasting blood glucose values. At Week 52, 30% of patients randomized to insulin glargine achieved the fasting serum glucose target of <100 mg/dL, and the mean daily insulin glargine dose was 44 U (0.5 U per kilogram).
Treatment with MOUNJARO 10 mg and 15 mg once weekly for 52 weeks resulted in a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c compared with insulin glargine once daily (see Table 7).
Table 7: Results at Week 52 in a Trial of MOUNJARO versus Insulin Glargine in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Added to Metformin and/or Sulfonylurea and/or SGLT2 Inhibitor
a The modified intent-to-treat population consists of all randomly assigned participants who were exposed to at least 1 dose of study drug. Patients who discontinued study treatment because they did not meet study enrollment criteria were excluded. During the trial, rescue medication (additional antihyperglycemic medication) was initiated by 1%, 0%, 0%, and 1% of patients randomized to insulin glargine, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. At Week 52 the HbA1c endpoint was missing for 9%, 9%, 6%, and 4% of patients randomized to insulin glargine, MOUNJARO 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. Missing Week 52 data were imputed using multiple imputation with retrieved dropout.
|
b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
c p<0.001 (two-sided) for superiority versus insulin glargine, adjusted for multiplicity.
|
d Analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors.
|
| Insulin Glargine | MOUNJARO 5 mg | MOUNJARO 10 mg | MOUNJARO 15 mg |
| Modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) Population (N)a | 998
| 328
| 326
| 337
|
| HbA1c (%)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 8.5
| 8.5
| 8.6
| 8.5
|
| Change at Week 52b | -1.4
| -2.1
| -2.3
| -2.4
|
| Difference from insulin glargineb (95% CI)
| --
| -0.7c
(-0.9, -0.6)
| -0.9c
(-1.1, -0.8)
| -1.0c
(-1.2, -0.9)
|
| Patients (%) achieving HbA1c <7%d | 49
| 75c | 83c | 85c |
| Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dL)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 168
| 172
| 176
| 174
|
| Change at Week 52b | -49
| -44
| -50
| -55
|
| Body Weight (kg)
| | | | |
| Baseline (mean)
| 90.2
| 90.3
| 90.6
| 90.0
|
| Change at Week 52b | 1.7
| -6.4
| -8.9
| -10.6
|
| Difference from insulin glargineb (95% CI)
| --
| -8.1c
(-8.9, -7.3)
| -10.6c (-11.4, -9.8)
| -12.2c
(-13.0, -11.5)
|
Risk of Thyroid C-Cell Tumors
Inform patients that MOUNJARO causes thyroid C-cell tumors in rats and that the human relevance of this finding has not been determined. Counsel patients to report symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., a lump in the neck, persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, or dyspnea) to their healthcare provider [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Acute Pancreatitis
Inform patients of the potential risk for acute pancreatitis and its symptoms: severe abdominal pain that sometimes radiates to the back, and which may or may not be accompanied by nausea or vomiting. Instruct patients to discontinue MOUNJARO promptly and contact their physician if pancreatitis is suspected [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Hypoglycemia with Concomitant Use of Insulin Secretagogues or Insulin
Inform patients that the risk of hypoglycemia is increased when MOUNJARO is used with an insulin secretagogue (such as a sulfonylurea) or insulin. Educate patients on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with use of MOUNJARO. Advise patients on the symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct them to stop taking MOUNJARO and seek medical advice promptly if such symptoms occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion
Inform patients of the potential risk of acute kidney injury due to dehydration associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Advise patients to take precautions to avoid fluid depletion. Inform patients of the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury and instruct them to promptly report any of these signs or symptoms or persistent (or extended) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions
Inform patients of the potential risk of severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider if they have severe or persistent gastrointestinal symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Diabetic Retinopathy Complications in Patients with a History of Diabetic Retinopathy
Inform patients to contact their healthcare provider if changes in vision are experienced during treatment with MOUNJARO [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
Acute Gallbladder Disease
Inform patients of the risk of acute gallbladder disease. Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider for appropriate clinical follow-up if gallbladder disease is suspected [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Pulmonary Aspiration During General Anesthesia or Deep Sedation
Inform patients that MOUNJARO may cause their stomach to empty more slowly which may lead to complications with anesthesia or deep sedation during planned surgeries or procedures. Instruct patients to inform healthcare providers prior to any planned surgeries or procedures if they are taking MOUNJARO [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Never Share a MOUNJARO KwikPen Between Patients
Advise patients that they must never share a MOUNJARO KwikPen with another person, even if the pen needle is changed, because doing so carries a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].
Pregnancy
Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise women to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant or intend to become pregnant [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Contraception
Use of MOUNJARO may reduce the efficacy of oral hormonal contraceptives. Advise patients using oral hormonal contraceptives to switch to a non-oral contraceptive method or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after initiation and for 4 weeks after each dose escalation with MOUNJARO [see Drug Interactions (7.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.3), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Administration
Instruct patients how to prepare and administer the correct dose of MOUNJARO and assess their ability to inject subcutaneously to ensure the proper administration of MOUNJARO. Instruct patients using MOUNJARO vials to always use a new syringe and needle for each injection. Use a syringe appropriate for dose administration (e.g., a 1 mL syringe capable of measuring a 0.5 mL or 0.6 mL dose). Notify the patient of which MOUNJARO presentation they will be receiving and ensure training is appropriate for the specific MOUNJARO presentation. Advise patients to refer to the IFU in case of any change in the presentation. Advise caregivers that MOUNJARO KwikPen is not recommended for self-administration by pediatric patients or those with visual impairment unless their healthcare provider determines the patient can properly administer. [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].
Missed Doses
Inform patients if a dose is missed, it should be administered as soon as possible within 4 days after the missed dose. If more than 4 days have passed, the missed dose should be skipped and the next dose should be administered on the regularly scheduled day. In each case, inform patients to resume their regular once weekly dosing schedule [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
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MOU-0011-USPI-20260422