Table 7 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in patients who received DARZALEX FASPRO with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) in PLEIADES.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients who received DARZALEX FASPRO. Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 5% of patients. Fatal adverse reactions occurring in more than 1 patient were general physical health deterioration, septic shock, and respiratory failure.
Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 10% of patients who received DARZALEX FASPRO. Adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of DARZALEX FASPRO in more than 2 patients were thrombocytopenia and hypercalcemia.
Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 26% of patients who received DARZALEX FASPRO. Adverse reactions requiring dosage interruption in >5% of patients included thrombocytopenia.
The most common adverse reaction (≥20%) was upper respiratory tract infection.
Table 8 summarizes the adverse reactions in COLUMBA.
Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients who received DARZALEX FASPRO include:
- General disorders and administration site conditions: injection site reaction, peripheral edema
- Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthralgia, musculoskeletal chest pain, muscle spasms
- Gastrointestinal disorders: constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain,
- Metabolism and nutrition disorders: decreased appetite, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, dehydration
- Psychiatric disorders: insomnia
- Vascular disorders: hypertension, hypotension
- Nervous system disorders: dizziness, peripheral sensory neuropathy, paresthesia
- Infections: bronchitis, influenza, urinary tract infection, herpes zoster, sepsis, hepatitis B reactivation
- Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: pruritus, rash
- Cardiac disorders: atrial fibrillation
- Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: pulmonary edema
Table 9 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in COLUMBA.
Table 9: Select Hematology Laboratory Abnormalities Worsening from Baseline in Patients Receiving DARZALEX FASPRO or Intravenous Daratumumab in COLUMBA| Laboratory Abnormality | DARZALEX FASPRO Denominator is based on the safety population treated with DARZALEX FASPRO (N=260) and Intravenous Daratumumab (N=258). | Intravenous Daratumumab |
|---|
All Grades (%) | Grades 3–4 (%) | All Grades (%) | Grades 3–4 (%) |
|---|
| Decreased leukocytes | 65 | 19 | 57 | 14 |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 59 | 36 | 56 | 36 |
| Decreased neutrophils | 55 | 19 | 43 | 11 |
| Decreased platelets | 43 | 16 | 45 | 14 |
| Decreased hemoglobin | 42 | 14 | 39 | 16 |
Interference with Indirect Antiglobulin Tests (Indirect Coombs Test)
Daratumumab binds to CD38 on RBCs and interferes with compatibility testing, including antibody screening and cross matching. Daratumumab interference mitigation methods include treating reagent RBCs with dithiothreitol (DTT) to disrupt daratumumab binding [see References (15)] or genotyping. Since the Kell blood group system is also sensitive to DTT treatment, supply K-negative units after ruling out or identifying alloantibodies using DTT-treated RBCs.
If an emergency transfusion is required, administer non-cross-matched ABO/RhD-compatible RBCs per local blood bank practices.
Interference with Serum Protein Electrophoresis and Immunofixation Tests
Daratumumab may be detected on serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation (IFE) assays used for monitoring disease monoclonal immunoglobulins (M protein). False positive SPE and IFE assay results may occur for patients with IgG kappa myeloma protein impacting initial assessment of complete responses by International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. In DARZALEX FASPRO-treated patients with persistent very good partial response, where daratumumab interference is suspected, consider using a FDA-approved daratumumab-specific IFE assay to distinguish daratumumab from any remaining endogenous M protein in the patient's serum, to facilitate determination of a complete response.
Risk Summary
DARZALEX FASPRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. The assessment of associated risks with daratumumab products is based on the mechanism of action and data from target antigen CD38 knockout animal models (see Data). There are no available data on the use of DARZALEX FASPRO in pregnant women to evaluate drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
The combination of DARZALEX FASPRO and lenalidomide is contraindicated in pregnant women, because lenalidomide may cause birth defects and death of the unborn child. Lenalidomide is only available through a REMS program. Refer to the lenalidomide prescribing information on use during pregnancy.
Clinical Considerations
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibodies are transferred across the placenta. Based on its mechanism of action, DARZALEX FASPRO may cause depletion of fetal CD38 positive immune cells and decreased bone density. Defer administering live vaccines to neonates and infants exposed to daratumumab in utero until a hematology evaluation is completed.
Data
Animal Data
DARZALEX FASPRO for subcutaneous injection contains daratumumab and hyaluronidase. Mice that were genetically modified to eliminate all CD38 expression (CD38 knockout mice) had reduced bone density at birth that recovered by 5 months of age. Data from studies using CD38 knockout animal models also suggest the involvement of CD38 in the regulation of humoral immune responses (mice), feto-maternal immune tolerance (mice), and early embryonic development (frogs).
No systemic exposure of hyaluronidase was detected in monkeys given 22,000 U/kg subcutaneously (12 times higher than the human dose) and there were no effects on embryo-fetal development in pregnant mice given 330,000 U/kg hyaluronidase subcutaneously daily during organogenesis, which is 45 times higher than the human dose.
There were no effects on pre- and post-natal development through sexual maturity in offspring of mice treated daily from implantation through lactation with 990,000 U/kg hyaluronidase subcutaneously, which is 134 times higher than the human doses.
Risk Summary
There is no data on the presence of daratumumab and hyaluronidase in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Maternal immunoglobulin G is known to be present in human milk. Published data suggest that antibodies in breast milk do not enter the neonatal and infant circulations in substantial amounts. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed child when DARZALEX FASPRO is administered with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with DARZALEX FASPRO. Refer to lenalidomide prescribing information for additional information.
Data
Animal Data
No systemic exposure of hyaluronidase was detected in monkeys given 22,000 U/kg subcutaneously (12 times higher than the human dose) and there were no effects on post-natal development through sexual maturity in offspring of mice treated daily during lactation with 990,000 U/kg hyaluronidase subcutaneously, which is 134 times higher than the human doses.
Pregnancy Testing
With the combination of DARZALEX FASPRO with lenalidomide, refer to the lenalidomide labeling for pregnancy testing requirements prior to initiating treatment in females of reproductive potential.
Contraception
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with DARZALEX FASPRO and for 3 months after the last dose. Additionally, refer to the lenalidomide labeling for additional recommendations for contraception.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
DARZALEX FASPRO as a large protein has a low likelihood of direct ion channel interactions. There is no evidence from non-clinical or clinical data to suggest that DARZALEX FASPRO has the potential to delay ventricular repolarization.
Exposure-Response Relationship
The exposure-response relationship and time course of pharmacodynamics of DARZALEX FASPRO have not been fully characterized.
Absorption
At the recommended dose of DARZALEX FASPRO 1,800 mg/30,000 units, the absolute bioavailability is 69%, with peak concentrations occurring around 3 days (Tmax).
Distribution
The estimated mean (coefficient of variation, CV) volume of distribution for the central compartment is 5.2 L (37%) and peripheral compartment was 3.8 L.
Elimination
Daratumumab is cleared by parallel linear and nonlinear saturable target mediated clearances. The estimated mean (CV%) linear clearance of daratumumab is 119 mL/day. The estimated mean (CV%) elimination half-life associated with linear clearance is 20 days (22%).
Specific Populations
The following population characteristics have no clinically meaningful effect on the pharmacokinetics of daratumumab in patients administered DARZALEX FASPRO as monotherapy or as combination therapy: sex, age (33 to 92 years), race, renal impairment [Creatinine clearance (CLcr) 15 to 89 mL/min as determined by the Cockcroft-Gault formula], and mild hepatic impairment (total bilirubin 1 to 1.5 times ULN and AST>ULN). The effect of moderate and severe hepatic impairment on daratumumab pharmacokinetics is unknown.
Body Weight
After administration of DARZALEX FASPRO 1,800 mg/30,000 units as monotherapy, the mean maximum Ctrough after the 8th dose was 12% lower in the higher body weight (BW) group (>85 kg) while the mean maximum Ctrough was 81% higher in the lower BW group (≤50 kg) compared to the corresponding BW groups in the intravenous daratumumab arm.
In Combination with Bortezomib, Melphalan and Prednisone
The efficacy of DARZALEX FASPRO with bortezomib, melphalan and prednisone (D-VMP) was evaluated in a single-arm cohort of PLEIADES (NCT03412565), a multi-cohort, open-label trial. Eligible patients were required to have newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for transplant. Patients received DARZALEX FASPRO 1,800 mg/30,000 units administered subcutaneously once weekly from weeks 1 to 6, once every 3 weeks from weeks 7 to 54 and once every 4 weeks starting with week 55 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 subcutaneously twice weekly on Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 for the first 6-week cycle (Cycle 1; 8 doses), followed by once weekly on Weeks 1, 2, 4 and 5 for eight more 6-week cycles (Cycles 2–9; 4 doses per cycle); and melphalan 9 mg/m2 and prednisone 60 mg/m2 orally on Days 1 to 4 of the nine 6-week cycles (Cycles 1–9). The major efficacy outcome measure was overall response rate (ORR).
A total of 67 patients received DARZALEX FASPRO with VMP. The median age was 75 years (range: 66 to 86); 46% were male; 69% were White, 8% Asian, and 2% Black or African American; and 33% had ISS Stage I, 45% had ISS Stage II, and 22% had ISS Stage III disease.
Efficacy results are summarized in Table 10
Table 10: Efficacy Results from PLEIADES in Patients Who Received D-VMP | D-VMP (N=67) |
|---|
| CI=confidence interval |
| Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR), n (%) Based on treated patients | 59 (88%) |
| 95% CI (%) | (78%, 95%) |
| Stringent complete response (sCR) | 5 (8%) |
| Complete response (CR) | 7 (10%) |
| Very good partial response (VGPR) | 31 (46%) |
| Partial response (PR) | 16 (24%) |
In Combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone
The efficacy of DARZALEX FASPRO with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) was evaluated in a single-arm cohort of PLEIADES (NCT03412565), a multi-cohort, open-label trial. Patients received DARZALEX FASPRO 1,800 mg/30,000 units administered subcutaneously once weekly from weeks 1 to 8, once every 2 weeks from weeks 9 to 24 and once every 4 weeks starting with week 25 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity with lenalidomide 25 mg once daily orally on Days 1–21 of each 28-day cycle; and dexamethasone 40 mg per week (or a reduced dose of 20 mg per week for patients >75 years or BMI <18.5). The major efficacy outcome measure was ORR.
A total of 65 patients received DARZALEX FASPRO with Rd. The median age was 69 years (range: 33 to 82); 69% were male; 69% were White, and 3% Black or African American; and 42% had ISS Stage I, 30% had ISS Stage II, and 28% had ISS Stage III disease. Patients had received a median of 1 prior line of therapy. A total of 52% of patients had a prior ASCT; 95% of patients received a prior PI; 59% received a prior immunomodulatory agent, including 22% who received prior lenalidomide; and 54% of patients received both a prior PI and immunomodulatory agent.
Efficacy results are summarized in Table 11.
Table 11: Efficacy Results from PLEIADES in Patients Who Received D-Rd | D-Rd (N=65) |
|---|
| CI=confidence interval |
| Overall response rate (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR), n (%) Based on treated patients | 59 (91%) |
| 95% CI (%) | (81%, 97%) |
| Stringent complete response (sCR) | 4 (6%) |
| Complete response (CR) | 8 (12%) |
| Very good partial response (VGPR) | 30 (46%) |
| Partial response (PR) | 17 (26%) |
Monotherapy
The efficacy of DARZALEX FASPRO as monotherapy was evaluated in COLUMBA (NCT03277105), an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority study. Eligible patients were required to have relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had received at least 3 prior lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent or who were double-refractory to a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent. Patients were randomized to receive DARZALEX FASPRO (1,800 mg/30,000 units) administered subcutaneously or daratumumab 16 mg/kg administered intravenously; each administered once weekly from weeks 1 to 8, once every 2 weeks from weeks 9 to 24 and once every 4 weeks starting with week 25 until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. The major efficacy outcome measures were ORR by the IMWG response criteria and maximum Ctrough at pre-dose Cycle 3 Day 1 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Randomization was stratified by body weight, myeloma type, and number of prior lines of therapy.
A total of 522 patients were randomized: 263 to the DARZALEX FASPRO arm and 259 to the intravenous daratumumab arm. The median age was 67 years (range: 33 to 92); 55% were male; and 78% were White, 14% Asian, and 3% Black or African American. The median weight was 73 kg (range: 29 to 138). Patients had received a median of 4 prior lines of therapy. A total of 51% of patients had a prior ASCT; 100% of patients received both a PI and an immunomodulatory agent. Forty-nine percent of patients were refractory both a PI and an immunomodulatory agent. Eighty-two percent of patients were refractory to their last line of prior systemic therapy.
The results show that DARZALEX FASPRO 1,800 mg/30,000 units administered subcutaneously is non-inferior to daratumumab 16 mg/kg administered intravenously in terms of ORR and maximum trough concentration [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Median progression-free survival was 5.6 months in the DARZALEX FASPRO arm and 6.1 months in the intravenous daratumumab arm. ORR results are provided in Table 12.
Table 12: Efficacy Results from COLUMBA | DARZALEX FASPRO (N=263) | Intravenous Daratumumab (N=259) |
|---|
| Overall response (sCR+CR+VGPR+PR), n (%) Based on intent-to-treat population. | 108 (41%) | 96 (37%) |
| 95% CI (%) | (35%, 47%) | (31%, 43%) |
| Ratio of response rates (95% CI)b | | 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) |
| CR or better, n (%) | 5 (1.9%) | 7 (2.7%) |
| Very good partial response (VGPR) | 45 (17%) | 37 (14%) |
| Partial response (PR) | 58 (22%) | 52 (20%) |
Hypersensitivity and Other Administration Reactions
Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention for any of the following signs and symptoms of systemic administration-related reactions: itchy, runny or blocked nose; chills, nausea, throat irritation, cough, headache, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Neutropenia
Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they have a fever [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Thrombocytopenia
Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they have bruising or bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Advise pregnant women of the potential hazard to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Advise females of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant during treatment with DARZALEX FASPRO and for at least 3 months after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Advise patients that lenalidomide has the potential to cause fetal harm and has specific requirements regarding contraception, pregnancy testing, blood and sperm donation, and transmission in sperm. Lenalidomide is only available through a REMS program [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Interference with Laboratory Tests
Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider, including personnel at blood transfusion centers, that they are taking DARZALEX FASPRO, in the event of a planned transfusion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Advise patients that DARZALEX FASPRO can affect the results of some tests used to determine complete response in some patients and additional tests may be needed to evaluate response [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation
Advise patients to inform healthcare providers if they have ever had or might have a hepatitis B infection and that DARZALEX FASPRO could cause hepatitis B virus to become active again [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
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Janssen Biotech, Inc.
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