Common Adverse Reactions
Clinical ADRs of moderate intensity or greater (greater than or equal to Grade 2) and reported in at least 2% of subjects treated with INTELENCE® and occurring at a higher rate compared to placebo (excess of 1%) are presented in Table 1. Laboratory abnormalities considered ADRs are included in Table 2.
Table 1: Treatment-Emergent Adverse ReactionsIncludes adverse reactions at least possibly, probably, or very likely related to the drug.
of at least Moderate IntensityIntensities are defined as follows: Moderate (discomfort enough to cause interference with usual activity); Severe (incapacitating with inability to work or do usual activity).
(Grades 2 to 4) in at least 2% of Adult Subjects in the INTELENCE® Treatment Groups and at a higher rate compared to placebo (excess of 1%)System Organ Class, Preferred Term, % | Pooled TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 Trials |
|---|
INTELENCE® + BR N=599 | Placebo + BR N=604 |
|---|
| N=total number of subjects per treatment group, BR=background regimen |
| Nervous System Disorders | |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 4% | 2% |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders | |
| Rash | 10% | 3% |
Less Common Adverse Reactions
Treatment-emergent ADRs occurring in less than 2% of subjects (599 subjects) receiving INTELENCE® and of at least moderate intensity (greater than or equal to Grade 2) are listed below by body system:
Cardiac Disorders: myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: vertigo
Eye Disorders: blurred vision
Gastrointestinal Disorders: gastroesophageal reflux disease, flatulence, gastritis, abdominal distension, pancreatitis, constipation, dry mouth, hematemesis, retching, stomatitis
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: sluggishness
Hematologic Disorders: hemolytic anemia
Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatic failure, hepatomegaly, cytolytic hepatitis, hepatic steatosis, hepatitis
Immune System Disorders: drug hypersensitivity, immune reconstitution syndrome
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: diabetes mellitus, anorexia, dyslipidemia
Nervous System Disorders: paraesthesia, somnolence, convulsion, hypoesthesia, amnesia, syncope, disturbance in attention, hypersomnia, tremor
Psychiatric Disorders: anxiety, sleep disorders, abnormal dreams, confusional state, disorientation, nervousness, nightmares
Renal and Urinary Disorders: acute renal failure
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: gynecomastia
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: exertional dyspnea, bronchospasm
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: night sweats, lipohypertrophy, prurigo, hyperhidrosis, dry skin, swelling face
Additional ADRs of at least moderate intensity observed in other trials were acquired lipodystrophy, angioneurotic edema, erythema multiforme and haemorrhagic stroke, each reported in no more than 0.5% of subjects.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Treatment-Experienced Patients
Selected Grade 2 to Grade 4 laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening from baseline observed in adult subjects treated with INTELENCE® are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Selected Grade 2 to 4 Laboratory Abnormalities Observed in Treatment-Experienced Subjects | | Pooled TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 Trials |
|---|
Laboratory Parameter Preferred Term, % | DAIDS Toxicity Range | INTELENCE® + BR N=599 | Placebo + BR N=604 |
|---|
| ULN=Upper Limit of Normal, BR=background regimen |
| GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY | | | |
| Pancreatic amylase | | | |
| Grade 2 | > 1.5–2 × ULN | 7% | 8% |
| Grade 3 | > 2–5 × ULN | 7% | 8% |
| Grade 4 | > 5 × ULN | 2% | 1% |
| Lipase | | | |
| Grade 2 | > 1.5–3 × ULN | 4% | 6% |
| Grade 3 | > 3–5 × ULN | 2% | 2% |
| Grade 4 | > 5×ULN | 1% | < 1% |
| Creatinine | | | |
| Grade 2 | > 1.4–1.8 × ULN | 6% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | > 1.9–3.4 × ULN | 2% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | > 3.4 × ULN | 0% | < 1% |
| HEMATOLOGY | | | |
| Decreased hemoglobin | | | |
| Grade 2 | 90–99 g/L | 2% | 4% |
| Grade 3 | 70–89 g/L | < 1% | < 1% |
| Grade 4 | < 70 g/L | < 1% | < 1% |
| White blood cell count | | | |
| Grade 2 | 1,500–1,999/mm3 | 2% | 3% |
| Grade 3 | 1,000–1,499/mm3 | 1% | 4% |
| Grade 4 | < 1,000/mm3 | 1% | < 1% |
| Neutrophils | | | |
| Grade 2 | 750–999/mm3 | 5% | 6% |
| Grade 3 | 500–749/mm3 | 4% | 4% |
| Grade 4 | < 500/mm3 | 2% | 3% |
| Platelet count | | | |
| Grade 2 | 50,000–99,999/mm3 | 3% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | 25,000–49,999/mm3 | 1% | 1% |
| Grade 4 | < 25,000/mm3 | < 1% | < 1% |
| LIPIDS AND GLUCOSE | | | |
| Total cholesterol | | | |
| Grade 2 | > 6.20–7.77 mmol/L 240–300 mg/dL | 20% | 17% |
| Grade 3 | > 7.77 mmol/L > 300 mg/dL | 8% | 5% |
| Low density lipoprotein | | | |
| Grade 2 | 4.13–4.9 mmol/L 160–190 mg/dL | 13% | 12% |
| Grade 3 | > 4.9 mmol/L > 190 mg/dL | 7% | 7% |
| Triglycerides | | | |
| Grade 2 | 5.65–8.48 mmol/L 500 –750 mg/dL | 9% | 7% |
| Grade 3 | 8.49–13.56 mmol/L 751 – 1200 mg/dL | 6% | 4% |
| Grade 4 | > 13.56 mmol/L > 1200 mg/dL | 4% | 2% |
| Elevated glucose levels | | | |
| Grade 2 | 6.95–13.88 mmol/L 161–250 mg/dL | 15% | 13% |
| Grade 3 | 13.89–27.75 mmol/L 251 – 500 mg/dL | 4% | 2% |
| Grade 4 | > 27.75 mmol/L > 500 mg/dL | 0% | < 1% |
| HEPATIC PARAMETERS | | | |
| Alanine amino transferase | | | |
| Grade 2 | 2.6–5 × ULN | 6% | 5% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1–10 × ULN | 3% | 2% |
| Grade 4 | > 10 × ULN | 1% | < 1% |
| Aspartate amino transferase | | | |
| Grade 2 | 2.6–5 × ULN | 6% | 8% |
| Grade 3 | 5.1–10 × ULN | 3% | 2% |
| Grade 4 | > 10 × ULN | < 1% | < 1% |
Patients co-infected with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus
In Phase 3 trials TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216, 139 subjects (12.3%) with chronic hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection out of 1129 subjects were permitted to enroll. AST and ALT abnormalities occurred more frequently in hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infected subjects for both treatment groups. Grade 2 or higher laboratory abnormalities that represent a worsening from baseline of AST, ALT or total bilirubin occurred in 27.8%, 25.0% and 7.1% respectively, of INTELENCE®-treated co-infected subjects as compared to 6.7%, 7.5% and 1.8% of non-co-infected INTELENCE®-treated subjects. In general, adverse events reported by INTELENCE®-treated subjects with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection were similar to INTELENCE®-treated subjects without hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus co-infection.
Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry
To monitor maternal-fetal outcomes of pregnant women exposed to INTELENCE®, an Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry has been established. Physicians are encouraged to register patients by calling 1-800-258-4263.
Animal Data
Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were performed in rabbits (at oral doses up to 375 mg per kg per day) and rats (at oral doses up to 1000 mg per kg per day). In both species, no treatment-related embryo-fetal effects including malformations were observed. In addition, no treatment-related effects were observed in a separate pre- and postnatal study performed in rats at oral doses up to 500 mg per kg per day. The systemic drug exposures achieved in these animal studies were equivalent to those at the recommended human dose (400 mg per day).
Effects on Electrocardiogram
In a randomized, double-blind, active, and placebo-controlled crossover study, 41 healthy subjects were administered INTELENCE® 200 mg twice daily, INTELENCE® 400 mg once daily, placebo, and moxifloxacin 400 mg. After 8 days of dosing, etravirine did not prolong the QT interval. The maximum mean (upper 1-sided 95% CI) baseline and placebo-adjusted QTcF were 0.6 ms (3.3 ms) for 200 mg twice daily and -1.0 ms (2.5 ms) for 400 mg once daily dosing regimens.
Pharmacokinetics in Adults
The pharmacokinetic properties of INTELENCE® were determined in healthy adult subjects and in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected adult and pediatric subjects. The systemic exposures (AUC) to etravirine were lower in HIV-1-infected subjects than in healthy subjects.
Table 4: Population Pharmacokinetic Estimates of Etravirine 200 mg twice daily in HIV-1-Infected Adult Subjects (Integrated Data from Phase 3 Trials at Week 48)All HIV-1-infected subjects enrolled in Phase 3 clinical trials received darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice daily as part of their background regimen. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic parameter estimates shown in Table 4 account for reductions in the pharmacokinetic parameters of etravirine due to co-administration of INTELENCE® with darunavir/ritonavir.
| Parameter | Etravirine 200 mg twice daily N = 575 |
|---|
| AUC12h (ng∙h/mL) | |
| Geometric Mean ± Standard Deviation | 4522 ± 4710 |
| Median (Range) | 4380 (458 – 59084) |
| C0h (ng/mL) | |
| Geometric Mean ± Standard Deviation | 297 ± 391 |
| Median (Range) | 298 (2 – 4852) |
Note: The median protein binding adjusted EC50 for MT4 cells infected with HIV-1/IIIB in vitro equals 4 ng per mL.
Absorption and Bioavailability
Following oral administration, etravirine was absorbed with a Tmax of about 2.5 to 4 hours. The absolute oral bioavailability of INTELENCE® is unknown.
In healthy subjects, the absorption of etravirine is not affected by co-administration of oral ranitidine or omeprazole, drugs that increase gastric pH.
Effects of Food on Oral Absorption
The systemic exposure (AUC) to etravirine was decreased by about 50% when INTELENCE® was administered under fasting conditions, as compared to when INTELENCE® was administered following a meal. Therefore, INTELENCE® should always be taken following a meal. Within the range of meals studied, the systemic exposures to etravirine were similar. The total caloric content of the various meals evaluated ranged from 345 kilocalories (17 grams fat) to 1160 kilocalories (70 grams fat) [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
Distribution
Etravirine is about 99.9% bound to plasma proteins, primarily to albumin (99.6%) and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (97.66% to 99.02%) in vitro. The distribution of etravirine into compartments other than plasma (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid, genital tract secretions) has not been evaluated in humans.
Metabolism
In vitro experiments with human liver microsomes (HLMs) indicate that etravirine primarily undergoes metabolism by CYP3A, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 enzymes. The major metabolites, formed by methyl hydroxylation of the dimethylbenzonitrile moiety, were at least 90% less active than etravirine against wild-type HIV in cell culture.
Elimination
After single dose oral administration of 800 mg 14C-etravirine, 93.7% and 1.2% of the administered dose of 14C-etravirine was recovered in the feces and urine, respectively. Unchanged etravirine accounted for 81.2% to 86.4% of the administered dose in feces. Unchanged etravirine was not detected in urine. The mean (± standard deviation) terminal elimination half-life of etravirine was about 41 (± 20) hours.
Special Populations
Hepatic Impairment
Etravirine is primarily metabolized by the liver. The steady state pharmacokinetic parameters of etravirine were similar after multiple dose administration of INTELENCE® to subjects with normal hepatic function (16 subjects), mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A, 8 subjects), and moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B, 8 subjects). The effect of severe hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of etravirine has not been evaluated.
Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus Co-infection
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of the TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 trials showed reduced clearance for etravirine in HIV-1-infected subjects with hepatitis B and/or C virus co-infection. Based upon the safety profile of INTELENCE® [see Adverse Reactions (6)], no dose adjustment is necessary in patients co-infected with hepatitis B and/or C virus.
Renal Impairment
The pharmacokinetics of etravirine have not been studied in patients with renal impairment. The results from a mass balance study with 14C-etravirine showed that less than 1.2% of the administered dose of etravirine is excreted in the urine as metabolites. No unchanged drug was detected in the urine. As etravirine is highly bound to plasma proteins, it is unlikely that it will be significantly removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Gender
No significant pharmacokinetic differences have been observed between males and females.
Race
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of etravirine in HIV-infected subjects did not show an effect of race on exposure to etravirine.
Geriatric Patients
Population pharmacokinetic analysis in HIV-infected subjects showed that etravirine pharmacokinetics are not considerably different within the age range (18 to 77 years) evaluated [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Pediatric Patients
The pharmacokinetics of etravirine in 101 treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects, 6 years to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 16 kg showed that the administered weight-based dosages (approximately 5.2 mg per kg twice daily up to the adult recommended doses) resulted in etravirine exposure comparable to that in adults receiving INTELENCE® 200 mg twice daily [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)] when administered at a dose corresponding to 5.2 mg per kg twice daily. The population pharmacokinetic estimates for etravirine AUC12h and C0h are summarized in the table below.
Population pharmacokinetic estimates for etravirine (all doses combined) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects 6 years to less than 18 years of age (TMC125-C213)| Parameter | N = 101 |
|---|
| AUC12h (ng•h/mL) | |
| Geometric Mean ± Standard Deviation | 3742 ± 4314 |
| Median (Range) | 4499 (62 – 28865) |
| C0h (ng•h/mL) | |
| Geometric Mean ± Standard Deviation | 205 ± 342 |
| Median (Range) | 287 (2 – 2276) |
The pharmacokinetics of etravirine in pediatric subjects less than 6 years of age have not been established.
Mechanism of Action
Etravirine is an NNRTI of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Etravirine binds directly to reverse transcriptase (RT) and blocks the RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities by causing a disruption of the enzyme's catalytic site. Etravirine does not inhibit the human DNA polymerases α, β, and γ.
Antiviral Activity in Cell Culture
Etravirine exhibited activity against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of wild-type HIV-1 in acutely infected T-cell lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human monocytes/macrophages with median EC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 5.5 nM (i.e., 0.4 to 2.4 ng per mL). Etravirine demonstrated antiviral activity in cell culture against a broad panel of HIV-1 group M isolates (subtype A, B, C, D, E, F, G) with EC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 1.65 nM and EC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 21.7 nM against group O primary isolates. Etravirine did not show antagonism when studied in combination with the following antiretroviral drugs—the NNRTIs delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine; the N(t)RTIs abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine; the PIs amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and tipranavir; the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide; the integrase strand transfer inhibitor raltegravir and the CCR5 co-receptor antagonist maraviroc.
Resistance
In Cell Culture
Etravirine-resistant strains were selected in cell culture originating from wild-type HIV-1 of different origins and subtypes, as well as NNRTI resistant HIV-1. Development of reduced susceptibility to etravirine typically required more than one substitution in reverse transcriptase of which the following were observed most frequently: L100I, E138K, E138G, V179I, Y181C, and M230I.
In Treatment-Experienced Subjects
In the Phase 3 trials TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216, substitutions that developed most commonly in subjects with virologic failure at Week 48 to the INTELENCE®-containing regimen were V179F, V179I, and Y181C which usually emerged in a background of multiple other NNRTI resistance-associated substitutions. In all the trials conducted with INTELENCE® in HIV-1 infected subjects, the following substitutions emerged most commonly: L100I, E138G, V179F, V179I, Y181C and H221Y. Other NNRTI-resistance associated substitutions which emerged on etravirine treatment in less than 10% of the virologic failure isolates included K101E/H/P, K103N/R, V106I/M, V108I, Y181I, Y188L, V189I, G190S/C, N348I and R356K. The emergence of NNRTI substitutions on etravirine treatment contributed to decreased susceptibility to etravirine with a median fold-change in etravirine susceptibility of 40-fold from reference and a median fold-change of 6-fold from baseline.
Cross-Resistance
Site-Directed NNRTI Mutant Virus
Etravirine showed antiviral activity against 55 of 65 HIV-1 strains (85%) with single amino acid substitutions at RT positions associated with NNRTI resistance, including the most commonly found K103N. The single amino acid substitutions associated with an etravirine reduction in susceptibility greater than 3-fold were K101A, K101P, K101Q, E138G, E138Q, Y181C, Y181I, Y181T, Y181V, and M230L, and of these, the greatest reductions were Y181I (13-fold change in EC50 value) and Y181V (17-fold change in EC50 value). Mutant strains containing a single NNRTI resistance associated substitution (K101P, K101Q, E138Q, or M230L) had cross-resistance between etravirine and efavirenz. The majority (39 of 61; 64%) of the NNRTI mutant viruses with 2 or 3 amino acid substitutions associated with NNRTI resistance had decreased susceptibility to etravirine (fold-change greater than 3). The highest levels of resistance to etravirine were observed for HIV-1 harboring a combination of substitutions V179F + Y181C (187 fold-change), V179F + Y181I (123 fold-change), or V179F + Y181C + F227C (888 fold-change).
Clinical Isolates
Etravirine retained a fold-change less than or equal to 3 against 60% of 6171 NNRTI-resistant clinical isolates. In the same panel, the proportion of clinical isolates resistant to delavirdine, efavirenz and/or nevirapine (defined as a fold-change above their respective biological cutoff values in the assay) was 79%, 87%, and 95%, respectively. In TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216, 34% of the baseline isolates had decreased susceptibility to etravirine (fold-change greater than 3) and 60%, 69%, and 78% of all baseline isolates were resistant to delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, respectively. Of subjects who received etravirine and were virologic failures in TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216, 90%, 84%, and 96% of viral isolates obtained at the time of treatment failure were resistant to delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, respectively. Therefore, cross-resistance to delavirdine, efavirenz, and/or nevirapine is expected after virologic failure with an etravirine-containing regimen for the virologic failure isolates.
Treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects in the Phase 3 trials for EDURANT (rilpivirine)
There are currently no clinical data available on the use of etravirine in subjects who experienced virologic failure on a rilpivirine-containing regimen. However, in the rilpivirine adult clinical development program, there was evidence of phenotypic cross-resistance between rilpivirine and etravirine. In the pooled analyses of the Phase 3 clinical trials for rilpivirine, 38 rilpivirine virologic failure subjects had evidence of HIV-1 strains with genotypic and phenotypic resistance to rilpivirine. Of these subjects, 89% (34 subjects) of virologic failure isolates were cross-resistant to etravirine based on phenotype data. Consequently, it can be inferred that cross-resistance to etravirine is likely after virologic failure and development of rilpivirine resistance. Refer to the prescribing information for EDURANT (rilpivirine) for further information.
Baseline Genotype/Phenotype and Virologic Outcome Analyses
In TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216, the presence at baseline of the substitutions L100I, E138A, I167V, V179D, V179F, Y181I, Y181V, or G190S was associated with a decreased virologic response to etravirine. Additional substitutions associated with a decreased virologic response to etravirine when in the presence of 3 or more additional 2008 IAS-USA defined NNRTI substitutions include A98G, K101H, K103R, V106I, V179T, and Y181C. The presence of K103N, which was the most prevalent NNRTI substitution in TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 at baseline, did not affect the response in the INTELENCE® arm. Overall, response rates to etravirine decreased as the number of baseline NNRTI substitutions increased (shown as the proportion of subjects achieving viral load less than 50 plasma HIV RNA copies per mL at Week 48) (Table 7).
Table 7: Proportion of Subjects with less than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL at Week 48 by Baseline Number of IAS-USA-Defined NNRTI Substitutions in the Non-VF Excluded Population of the Pooled TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 Trials| # IAS-USA-Defined NNRTI substitutions 2008 IAS-USA defined substitutions = V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, K103N, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, G190A/S, P225H, M230L | Etravirine Arms N = 561 |
|---|
| Re-Used/Not Used Enfuvirtide | De Novo Enfuvirtide |
|---|
| All ranges | 61% (254/418) | 76% (109/143) |
| 0 | 68% (52/76) | 95% (20/21) |
| 1 | 67% (72/107) | 77% (24/31) |
| 2 | 64% (75/118) | 86% (38/44) |
| 3 | 55% (36/65) | 62% (16/26) |
| ≥ 4 | 37% (19/52) | 52% (11/21) |
| Placebo Arms N = 592 |
| All ranges | 34% (147/435) | 59% (93/157) |
Response rates assessed by baseline etravirine phenotype are shown in Table 8. These baseline phenotype groups are based on the select subject populations in TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 and are not meant to represent definitive clinical susceptibility breakpoints for INTELENCE®. The data are provided to give clinicians information on the likelihood of virologic success based on pre-treatment susceptibility to etravirine in treatment-experienced patients.
Table 8: Proportion of Subjects with less than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL at Week 48 by Baseline Phenotype and Enfuvirtide Use in the Pooled TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 TrialsNon-VF excluded analysis
| Etravirine Fold Change | Etravirine Arms N = 559 |
|---|
| Re-Used/Not Used Enfuvirtide | De Novo Enfuvirtide | Clinical Response Range |
|---|
| All ranges | 61% (253/416) | 76% (109/143) | Overall Response |
| 0 – 3 | 69% (188/274) | 83% (75/90) | Higher than Overall Response |
| > 3 – 13 | 50% (39/78) | 66% (25/38) | Lower than Overall Response |
| > 13 | 41% (26/64) | 60% (9/15) | Lower than Overall Response |
| Placebo Arms N = 583 |
| All ranges | 34% (145/429) | 60% (92/154) | |
The proportion of virologic responders (viral load less than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL) by the phenotypic susceptibility score (PSS) of the background therapy, including enfuvirtide, is shown in Table 9.
Table 9: Virologic Response (Viral Load less than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL) at Week 48 by Phenotypic Susceptibility Score in the Non-VF Excluded Population of TMC125-C206 and TMC125-C216 Trials (Pooled Analysis) | INTELENCE® + BR N=559 | Placebo + BR N=586 |
|---|
| PSS The phenotypic susceptibility score (PSS) was defined as the total number of active antiretroviral drugs in the background therapy to which a subject's baseline viral isolate showed sensitivity in phenotypic resistance tests. Each drug in the background therapy was scored as a '1' or '0' based on whether the viral isolate was considered susceptible or resistant to that drug, respectively. In the calculation of the PSS, darunavir was counted as a sensitive antiretroviral if the FC was less than or equal to 10; enfuvirtide was counted as a sensitive antiretroviral if it had not been used previously. INTELENCE® was not included in this calculation. | | |
| 0 | 43% (40/93) | 5% (5/95) |
| 1 | 61% (125/206) | 28% (64/226) |
| 2 | 77% (114/149) | 59% (97/165) |
| ≥ 3 | 75% (83/111) | 72% (72/100) |
Carcinogenesis
Etravirine was evaluated for carcinogenic potential by oral gavage administration to mice and rats for up to approximately 104 weeks. Daily doses of 50, 200 and 400 mg per kg were administered to mice and doses of 70, 200 and 600 mg per kg were administered to rats in the initial period of approximately 41 to 52 weeks. The high and middle doses were subsequently adjusted due to tolerability and reduced by 50% in mice and by 50 to 66% in rats to allow for completion of the studies. In the mouse study, statistically significant increases in the incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and incidences of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas combined were observed in treated females. In the rat study, no statistically significant increases in tumor findings were observed in either sex. The relevance of these liver tumor findings in mice to humans is not known. Because of tolerability of the formulation in these rodent studies, maximum systemic drug exposures achieved at the doses tested were lower than those in humans at the clinical dose (400 mg per day), with animal vs. human AUC ratios being 0.6-fold (mice) and 0.2–0.7-fold (rats).
Mutagenesis
Etravirine tested negative in the in vitro Ames reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocyte, and in vitro clastogenicity mouse lymphoma assay, tested in the absence and presence of a metabolic activation system. Etravirine did not induce chromosomal damage in the in vivo micronucleus test in mice.
Impairment of Fertility
No effects on fertility and early embryonic development were observed when etravirine was tested in rats at maternal doses up to 500 mg per kg per day, resulting in systemic drug exposure up to the recommended human dose (400 mg per day).
Product of Belgium
Finished Product Manufactured by:
Janssen Cilag S.p.A., Latina, Italy
Or
Janssen Ortho LLC, Gurabo, PR 00778
Manufactured for:
Janssen Therapeutics, Division of Janssen Products, LP, Titusville NJ 08560
© Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2008
Product of Belgium
Finished Product Manufactured by:
Janssen Cilag S.p.A., Latina, IT
Or
Janssen Ortho LLC, Gurabo, PR 00778
Manufactured for:
Janssen Therapeutics, Division of Janssen Products, LP, Titusville NJ 08560
INTELENCE® is the registered trademark of Tibotec Pharmaceuticals.
Revised September 2017
© Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2008