- 17. Use aseptic technique when preparing the Intraventricular Electrolytes syringe for infusion. Label one sterile syringe "Intraventricular Electrolytes" and attach the syringe needle. Remove the yellow flip-off cap from the Intraventricular Electrolytes Injection vial. Withdraw 2 mL of Intraventricular Electrolytes. Discard the remaining unused portion.
- 18. Attach the syringe to the extension line (see Figure 6).
- 19.Place the syringe containing Intraventricular Electrolytes into the syringe pump and program pump to deliver at an infusion rate of 1.25 or 2.5 mL per hour (Table 1). Set the pump volume limit to deliver 2 mL. Set the occlusion alarm setting to alert at pressure ≤ 281 mm Hg. See syringe pump operating manual for details. Do not deliver as a bolus or manually.
- 20. Initiate infusion of Intraventricular Electrolytes at a rate of 2.5 mL per hour.
- 21. Periodically inspect the infusion system during the infusion for signs of leakage or delivery failure.
- 22. When the Intraventricular Electrolytes infusion is complete, detach and remove the empty syringe from the pump and disconnect from the infusion line.
- 23. Remove the port needle. Apply gentle pressure and bandage the infusion site per institution standard of care.
Dispose of the infusion components, needles, unused solutions and other waste materials in accordance with local requirements.
Trial 1 and Trial 2
The safety of BRINEURA was evaluated in 24 patients with CLN2 disease who received at least one 300 mg dose of BRINEURA given by intraventricular infusion in a clinical trial with extension (Trials 1 and 2) of up to 161 weeks [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Table 2 summarizes the most common adverse reactions that occurred in BRINEURA-treated patients through 96 weeks.
Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 8% of Symptomatic Pediatric Patients with CLN2 Disease in BRINEURA Trial 1 and Trial 2 at Week 96| Adverse Reaction | Patients Treated with BRINEURA n=24 (%) |
|---|
| Increased body temperature Increased body temperature includes: increased body temperature and pyrexia | 17 (71) |
| ECG abnormalities ECG abnormalities include: non-specific repolarization abnormality, notched QRS, ST segment elevation, biphasic T wave abnormality, supraventricular extrasystoles, bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and intraventricular conduction delay | 17 (71) |
| Decreased CSF protein | 17 (71) |
| Vomiting | 15 (63) |
| Seizures Seizures include: atonic, generalized tonic-clonic, focal, and absence | 12 (50) |
| Device-related complications Device-related complications include device-related infection, delivery system-related complications (needle issues, device leakage, device malfunction, device difficult to use, medical device site irritation, device breakage, etc.) and pleocytosis. | 12 (50) |
| Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity includes only hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] | 9 (38) |
| Increased CSF protein | 5 (21) |
| Hematoma | 5 (21) |
| Headache | 4 (17) |
| Irritability | 4 (17) |
| Pleocytosis | 4 (17) |
| Device-related infections Device-related infections include: Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis | 2 (8) |
| Bradycardia | 2 (8) |
| Feeling jittery | 2 (8) |
| Hypotension | 2 (8) |
Description of Selected Adverse Reactions from Trial 1 and Trial 2 at 96 weeks
Seizures
Seizures were reported in 12 of 24 (50%) patients. The seizure types reported include atonic, generalized tonic-clonic, focal, and absence. Seizures were managed with standard anti-convulsive therapies and did not result in discontinuation of BRINEURA treatment.
Device-Related Complications
Adverse reactions related to the device were observed in 12 of 24 (50%) of patients. Device-related adverse reactions include infection, delivery system-related complications, and pleocytosis. Nine out of 24 patients (38%) experienced adverse reactions, which involved complications of the non-implanted delivery system components. Four out of 24 patients (16%) had device-related adverse reactions, which required medical intervention, including two patients (8%) with intraventricular access device-related CNS infections, and one patient (4%) each with leakage of the intraventricular access device and pleocytosis. Device-related infections were diagnosed by increased CSF pleocytosis and microbiology culture and organism identification, without accompanying signs and symptoms of meningitis. Intraventricular access devices were replaced and infections were treated with antibiotics. Device-related complications did not result in discontinuation of BRINEURA treatment.
Hematoma
Hematoma adverse reactions were reported in 5 of 24 (21%) patients treated with BRINEURA and presented as hematoma, post procedural hematoma, traumatic hematoma and subdural hematoma. Hematomas did not require treatment and did not interfere with BRINEURA infusion.
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity reactions were reported in 11 out of 24 patients (46%) treated with BRINEURA during or within 24 hours after completion of the BRINEURA infusion, despite pre-medication with antihistamines with or without antipyretics or corticosteroids. The most common manifestations observed concomitantly with hypersensitivity included pyrexia with vomiting, pleocytosis, or irritability, which are not consistent with classic immune mediated hypersensitivity. Symptoms resolved over time or with administration of antipyretics, antihistamines and/or corticosteroids and no patient discontinued treatment with BRINEURA.
One patient experienced hypoxia (decreased oxygen saturation less than 88% by pulse oximeter), 8 hours after BRINEURA infusion, followed by a low mean arterial pressure at 15 hours post infusion. Symptoms resolved after oxygen administration, airway repositioning and normal saline infusion. One patient reported decreased oxygen saturation (90% by pulse oximeter), 45 minutes after starting BRINEURA with associated low diastolic blood pressures. Hypoxia resolved after oxygen administration. No treatment was administered for the low diastolic blood pressure, which returned to normal while the patient continued to receive BRINEURA infusion without change to the infusion rate or dose.
Trial 3
Trial 3 enrolled 14 patients aged 1 to 6 years at baseline who received BRINEURA at the recommended dose based on the age of the patient, every other week for a median of 142 weeks. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 5% of patients are described in Table 3.
The most frequent adverse reactions reported in patients < 3 years treated with BRINEURA were similar to those observed in patients ≥ 3 years of age except for hypersensitivity reactions, which were reported in 5 of 8 (63%) in patients < 3 years at baseline compared with 0 of 6 in patients ≥ 3 years of age at baseline. The most common manifestations of hypersensitivity were pyrexia and vomiting and the timing and resolution were similar to Trials 1 and 2. Symptoms of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) included tachycardia, bronchospasm, rash, diarrhea, hypotension, increased body temperature and vomiting.
Drug-related IARs
In Trial 3, 12 patients (86%) who received BRINEURA had 83 IARs. Of those, 8 patients were < 3 years of age and 4 were ≥ 3 years of age. The symptoms occurring in more than one patient consisted of vomiting, seizure, rash, pyrexia, hypersensitivity, and abnormal electrocardiogram. Eight (57%) patients had serious IARs: pyrexia, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction, seizure, and pleocytosis.
Device-related IARs
In Trial 3, 3 patients (21%) who received BRINEURA had 3 IARs related to the intraventricular device. Of those, 2 were < 3 years of age and 1 was ≥ 3 years of age. The events were: device leakage, device breakage, and CSF red blood cell count positive. One (7%) patient had a serious IAR of device leakage.
Table 3: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% of Pediatric Patients (1 to 6 years of age) with CLN2 Disease treated with BRINEURA in Trial 3| Adverse Reaction | Age 1 to 3 years n=8 (%) | Age 3 to 6 years n=6 (%) | Total n=14 (%) |
|---|
| Note: Incidence numbers are based on baseline age group |
| ECG abnormalities ECG abnormalities include: non-specific repolarization abnormality, supraventricular extrasystoles, possible left ventricular hypertrophy, intermittent 2nd degree AV Block (type 2 Mobitz), incomplete right bundle branch block, and prominent Q wave. | 8 (100) | 6 (100) | 14 (100) |
| Decreased CSF protein | 8 (100) | 4 (67) | 12 (86) |
| Increased body temperature Increased body temperature includes: increased body temperature and pyrexia. | 6 (75) | 6 (100) | 12 (86) |
| Seizures Seizures include: atonic, febrile convulsion, generalized tonic-clonic, partial, partial with secondary generalization, petit mal epilepsy, myoclonic and status epilepticus. | 4 (50) | 4 (67) | 8 (57) |
| Device-related complications Device-related complications include device-related infection, delivery system-related complications (needle issues, device leakage, device malfunction, device difficult to use, medical device site irritation, device breakage, etc.) | 3 (36) | 2 (33) | 5 (36) |
| Vomiting | 2 (25) | 3 (50) | 5 (36) |
| Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity includes only the term of hypersensitivity | 4 (50) | 0 | 4 (29) |
| Hematoma | 2 (25) | 0 | 2 (14) |
| Increased CSF protein | 1 (13) | 0 | 1 (7) |
| Pleocytosis | 1 (13) | 0 | 1 (7) |
| Irritability | 0 | 1 (17) | 1 (7) |
| Headache | 1 (13) | 0 | 1 (7) |
Risk Summary
There are no available data on BRINEURA use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of pregnancy-related outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted using cerliponase alfa.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of cerliponase alfa in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes a clear determination of the risk of BRINEURA to an infant during lactation; therefore, the development and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for BRINEURA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from BRINEURA or from the underlying maternal condition.
Patients 3 years of age and older
The pharmacokinetics of cerliponase alfa were evaluated in patients with CLN2 disease who received intraventricular infusions of 30 mg (0.1 times the maximum approved recommended dosage), 100 mg (approximately 0.3 times the maximum approved recommended dosage), and 300 mg over approximately 4.5 hours once every other week.
Cerliponase alfa CSF exposure following the initial single dose administration of BRINEURA increased less than proportionally across doses of 30 mg, 100 mg, and 300 mg. There was no apparent accumulation of cerliponase alfa in CSF or plasma when BRINEURA was administered at a dose of 300 mg once every other week.
Cerliponase alfa pharmacokinetics have high inter-subject and intra-subject variability. Following intraventricular infusions of 300 mg of BRINEURA at Day 1, Week 5, and Week 13, the pharmacokinetic parameters in CSF and plasma were assessed in 14 patients and are summarized in Table 4.
Table 4: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Cerliponase Alfa Following Intraventricular Infusion (approximately 4.5 hours in duration) of BRINEURA 300 mg Every Two Weeks in Patients ≥ 3 years | Parameter | Median [Min, Max] |
|---|
| Day 1 | Week 5 | Week 13 |
|---|
| N | 13 | 14 | 13 |
| Tmax Tmax expressed as time since start of ~4.5 hour infusion. , hr | 4.5 [4.3, 5.8] | 4.3 [3.8, 4.5] | 4.3 [4.0, 4.5] |
| Cmax, mcg/mL | 1260 [359, 4380] | 1630 [376, 4670] | 1390 [1110, 2340] |
| CSF | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 9290 [3660, 19000] | 12400 [4620, 26200] | 10500 [7000, 18200] |
| Vss, mL | 245 [78.4, 909] | 196 [85.4, 665] | 186 [131, 257] |
| CL, mL/hr | 32.3 [15.8, 81.9] | 24.2 [11.4, 64.9] | 28.7 [16.5, 42.9] |
| t1/2, hr | 6.2 [5.5, 16.3] | 7.4 [3.3, 9.5] | 7.7 [5.1, 9.4] |
| N | 12 | 12 | 9 |
| Plasma Vss, CL, and t1/2 were not estimated due to insufficient plasma pharmacokinetic data | Tmax, hr | 12.0 [4.3, 24.5] | 12.0 [7.5, 24.2] | 12.3 [4.3, 75.9] |
| Cmax, mcg/mL | 1.3 [0.2, 3.9] | 1.9 [0.2, 4.3] | 1.0 [0.03, 2.6] |
| AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 16.2 [1.1, 69.9] | 40.1 [11.1, 78.9] | 9.5 [0.2, 51.6] |
| N | 11 | 12 | 9 |
| CSF/Plasma Ratio | Cmax | 1200 [305, 4530] | 809 [202, 9370] | 1320 [541, 51200] |
| AUC0-t | 393 [115, 1910] | 340 [126, 1780] | 1330 [167, 38900] |
The estimated CSF volume of distribution of cerliponase alfa following intraventricular infusion of 300 mg of BRINEURA (median Vss = 245 mL) exceeds the typical CSF volume (100 mL).
Pediatric patients less than 3 years
Pediatric CLN2 patients ages 1 to < 2 years (n=2) and 2 to < 3 years (n=6) were administered cerliponase alfa according to the recommended dosing regimen based on age for up to 144 weeks. CSF exposure with 300 mg cerliponase alfa was within the range characterized to be safe and effective in pivotal Trial 1.
Plasma exposure in younger patients trended higher than the range characterized in the pivotal study. The pharmacokinetic parameters summarized by age at time of visit and dose are shown in Table 5.
Table 5: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Cerliponase Alfa by Age at Visit and Dose Following Intraventricular Infusion of BRINEURA Every Two Weeks in Pediatric Patients < 3 years| Age at Visit | Dose (mg) | | Parameter | Median [Min, Max] |
|---|
| 1 to < 2 years | 200 | CSF | N | 3 |
| | Cmax, mcg/mL | 511 [163, 987] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 2720 [1100, 5050] |
| | Plasma | N | 2 |
| | | Cmax, mcg/mL | 10.4 [9.46, 11.3] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 91.8 [72.7, 111] |
| 300 | CSF | N | 2 |
| | | Cmax, mcg/mL | 566 [496, 636] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 8030 [8030, 8030] N=1 due to less than 3 evaluable datapoints for determination of AUC0-t |
| | Plasma | N | 2 |
| | | Cmax, mcg/mL | 14.1 [11.2, 17.0] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 145 [82.7, 206] |
| 2 to < 3 years | 300 | CSF | N | 6 |
| | Cmax, mcg/mL | 896 [508, 1790] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 4100 [2380, 6720] N=5 due to less than 3 evaluable datapoints for determination of AUC0-t |
| | Plasma | N | 6 |
| | | Cmax, mcg/mL | 14.9 [9.08, 35.3] |
| | | AUC0-t, mcg-hr/mL | 163 [91.5, 320] |
Cerliponase alfa is a protein and is expected to be degraded through peptide hydrolysis.
Descriptive non-randomized comparison
In an unadjusted non-randomized comparison, of the 22 patients treated with BRINEURA and evaluated for efficacy at week 96, 21 (95%) did not decline, and only the patient who terminated early was deemed to have a decline in the Motor domain of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale. Results from the natural history cohort demonstrated progressive decline in motor function; of the 42 patients in the natural history cohort, 21 (50%) experienced an unreversed (sustained) 2-category decline or unreversed score of 0 in the Motor domain of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale over 96 weeks.
Given the non-randomized study design, a Cox Proportional Hazards Model adjusted for age, initial motor score, and genotype was used to evaluate time to unreversed 2-category decline or unreversed score of 0 in the Motor domain. This model showed a lesser decrease in motor function in the BRINEURA-treated patients when compared to the natural history cohort (see Figure 7).
Figure 7. Estimated Time to Unreversed (Sustained) 2-Category Decline or Unreversed Score of Zero in Motor Domain for Symptomatic Pediatric Patients in the BRINEURA Trials 1 and 2 at 96 Weeks and for Patients in a Natural History Cohort (Based on the Cox Proportional Hazards Model Adjusting for Covariates)Shading represents 95% confidence intervals. Follow-up for the natural history cohort begins at 36 months of age or greater and at the first time a Motor plus Language CLN2 score less than 6 was recorded. The BRINEURA-treated population is the full population (N=24) minus two patients with baseline Motor plus Language CLN2 score = 6. Covariates: screening age, screening Motor score, genotype: 0 key mutations (yes/no). "Screening age" was defined in the natural history cohort as the age at the first time a Motor plus Language CLN2 score less than 6 was recorded, and no earlier than 36 months of age. The "screening Motor score" of the natural history cohort was defined as the Motor score at the screening age. Decline is defined as an unreversed (sustained) 2-category decline or unreversed score of 0 in the Motor domain of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale. |
|
Motor Domain Scores: Matched Patients Only
To further assess efficacy, the 22 patients from the BRINEURA clinical study with a baseline combined Motor plus Language CLN2 score less than 6 were matched to 42 patients in the natural history cohort. Patients were matched based on the following covariates: baseline age at time of screening within 3 months, genotype (0, 1, or 2 key mutations), and baseline Motor domain CLN2 score at time of screening.
Using the Motor domain of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale, decline was defined as having an unreversed 2-category decline or an unreversed score of 0. At 96 weeks, the matched analysis based on 17 pairs demonstrated fewer declines in the Motor domain for BRINEURA-treated patients compared to untreated patients in the natural history cohort (see Table 6).
Table 6: Proportion of Matched Symptomatic Pediatric Patients with CLN2 Disease without DeclineDecline is defined as an unreversed (sustained) 2-category decline or unreversed score of 0 in the Motor domain of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale.
in the BRINEURA Trials 1 and 2 and in the Natural History Cohort assessed at Weeks 48, 72, and 96| Time Point/Period | Natural History Cohort (N=17) | BRINEURA-Treated (N=17) | Difference | Odds Ratio Based on McNemar's Exact test |
|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | % (95% CI Exact confidence interval for risk difference (Santner and Snell) ) | OR (95% CI) |
|---|
Matched on baseline age at time of screening within 3 months, genotype (0, 1, or 2 key mutations), and baseline Motor domain CLN2 score at time of screening. The BRINEURA-treated population is based on the full population minus two patients with baseline Motor plus Language CLN2 score = 6. |
| Follow-up through Week 48 | 13 (76) | 16 (94) | 18% (-19, 51) | 4 (0.4, 200) |
| Follow-up through Week 72 | 11 (65) | 16 (94) | 29% (-7, 61) | 5.9 (0.7, 250) |
| Follow-up through Week 96 | 6 (35) | 16 (94) | 59% (24, 83) | 11 (1.6, 500) |
Trial 3 (NCT02678689) was a Phase 2, open label clinical study designed to enroll symptomatic and presymptomatic CLN2 patients less than 18 years of age. The trial enrolled 14 patients ranging in age from 1 to 6 years at baseline, including 8 patients less than 3 years of age, the median age was 2.7 years. Patients received BRINEURA at the recommended dose every 2 weeks by intraventricular infusion for 144 weeks (1 patient withdrew to receive treatment commercially). Fifty-seven percent of patients were female and 43% were male. All patients were White; for ethnicity, 14% identified as Hispanic/Latino, 86% as non-Hispanic/Latino. The mean baseline CLN2 Motor score was 2.3 (standard deviation (SD) 0.83) with a range from 1 to 3.
Thirteen of the 14 BRINEURA treated patients were matched with up to 3 natural history comparators on the basis of age within 3 months, equal CLN2 Motor score, and genotype (0, 1, or 2 key mutations). None of the BRINEURA treated patients (N=14) had a 2-point decline or score of zero in the Motor scale by Week 169. Among the matched natural history comparators (N=31), 20 subjects (65%) had an unreversed 2-point decline or score of zero by last assessment.
The median time to an unreversed 2-point decline in Motor score or score of 0 was 133 weeks among the natural history comparators and was not reached by last assessment (Week 169) in patients treated with BRINEURA.
In patients below 3 years of age, none (0%) of the BRINEURA treated patients (N=8) had a 2-point decline or score of zero in the Motor score by Week 169. Among the 8 treated patients, 7 were matched to 18 untreated patients from the natural history cohort. Among the matched natural history comparators (N=18), 11 subjects (61%) had an unreversed 2-point decline or score of zero in the Motor score by last assessment. All seven of the treated patients below 3 years of age with a motor score of 3 at baseline remained at a motor score of 3 at the last measured timepoint, which represents grossly normal gait. In this population BRINEURA treated patients showed a delay in disease onset.
Package 1 of 2
Each BRINEURA (cerliponase alfa) Injection vial has a green flip-off cap (plastic) and contains 150 mg cerliponase alfa per 5 mL (30 mg/mL).
Each Intraventricular Electrolytes Injection vial has a yellow flip-off cap (plastic) and contains 5 mL of solution.
| Contents of Package 1 | NDC Number |
|---|
BRINEURA (cerliponase alfa) Injection (2 vials of 150 mg/5 mL) Intraventricular Electrolytes Injection (1 vial, 5 mL) | 68135-811-02 |
Package 2 of 2
The Administration Kit for use with BRINEURA is supplied separately and contains the following single-use, sterile infusion components:
- Two 20-mL syringes
- Two syringe needles (21 G, 25.4 mm)
- One extension line
- One infusion set with 0.2 micron inline filter
- One port needle (22 G, 16 mm)
Manufactured by:
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc.
Novato, CA 94949
US License Number 1649
1-866-906-6100 (phone)
Codman® and the B Braun Perfusor® are the registered trademarks of their respective owners and are not trademarks of BioMarin® Pharmaceutical Inc.