Silodosin Capsule
FDA Label NDC 72789-351

Silodosin, a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14)]. Silodosin capsules are not indicated for the treatment of hypertension.

The recommended dose is 8 mg orally once daily with a meal.

Patients who have difficulty swallowing pills and capsules may carefully open the silodosin capsule and sprinkle the powder inside on a tablespoonful of applesauce. The applesauce should be swallowed immediately (within 5 minutes) without chewing and followed with an 8 oz glass of cool water to ensure complete swallowing of the powder. The applesauce used should not be hot, and it should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. Any powder/applesauce mixture should be used immediately (within 5 minutes) and not stored for future use. Subdividing the contents of a silodosin capsule is not recommended [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

Renal impairment: Silodosin capsules are contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (CCr < 30 mL/min). In patients with moderate renal impairment (CCr 30 to 50 mL/min), the dose should be reduced to 4 mg once daily taken with a meal. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild renal impairment (CCr 50 to 80 mL/min) [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4), WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2),  USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.6)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

Hepatic impairment: Silodosin capsules have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score ≥ 10) and is therefore contraindicated in these patients. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4), WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3),  USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

The 8 mg capsules are size ‘1’ capsules with white opaque hard gelatin cap imprinted with “SIL” and white opaque hard gelatin body imprinted with “8 mg” in black ink containing white to off‑white powder.

The 4 mg capsules are size ‘3’ capsules with white opaque hard gelatin cap imprinted with “SIL” and white opaque hard gelatin body imprinted with “4 mg” in black ink containing white to off‑white powder.

• Severe renal impairment (CCr < 30 mL/min)
• Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score ≥ 10)
• Concomitant administration with strong Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, itraconazole, ritonavir) [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.1)]
• Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to silodosin or any of the ingredients of silodosin capsules [see  ADVERSE REACTIONS (6.2)and DESCRIPTION (11)]

Postural hypotension, with or without symptoms (e.g., dizziness) may develop when beginning silodosin treatment. As with other alpha-blockers, there is potential for syncope. Patients should be cautioned about driving, operating machinery, or performing hazardous tasks when initiating therapy [see ADVERSE REACTIONS (6), USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.5), CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.2), and PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION (17)].

In a clinical pharmacology study, plasma concentrations (AUC and C _max) of silodosin were approximately three times higher in subjects with moderate renal impairment compared with subjects with normal renal function, while half-lives of silodosin doubled in duration. The dose of silodosin should be reduced to 4 mg in patients with moderate renal impairment. Exercise caution and monitor such patients for adverse events [see  USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.6)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

Silodosin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4)].

Silodosin has not been tested in patients with severe hepatic impairment, and therefore, should not be prescribed to such patients [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

In a drug interaction study, co-administration of a single 8 mg dose of silodosin with 400 mg ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, caused a 3.8-fold increase in maximum plasma silodosin concentrations and 3.2-fold increase in silodosin exposure (i.e., AUC). Concomitant use of ketoconazole or other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, clarithromycin, ritonavir) is therefore contraindicated [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.1)].

The pharmacodynamic interactions between silodosin and other alpha-blockers have not been determined. However, interactions may be expected, and silodosin should not be used in combination with other alpha-blockers [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.3)].

A specific pharmacodynamic interaction study between silodosin and antihypertensive agents has not been performed. However, patients in the Phase 3 clinical studies taking concomitant antihypertensive medications with silodosin did not experience a significant increase in the incidence of syncope, dizziness, or orthostasis. Nevertheless, exercise caution during concomitant use with antihypertensives and monitor patients for possible adverse events [see  ADVERSE REACTIONS (6.1)and DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.6)].

Caution is also advised when alpha-adrenergic blocking agents including silodosin are co­-administered with PDE5 inhibitors. Alpha-adrenergic blockers and PDE5 inhibitors are both vasodilators that can lower blood pressure. Concomitant use of these two drug classes can potentially cause symptomatic hypotension [see DRUG INTERACTIONS (7.5)].

Carcinoma of the prostate and BPH cause many of the same symptoms. These two diseases frequently co-exist. Therefore, patients thought to have BPH should be examined prior to starting therapy with silodosin to rule out the presence of carcinoma of the prostate.

Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome has been observed during cataract surgery in some patients on alpha-1 blockers or previously treated with alpha-1 blockers. This variant of small pupil syndrome is characterized by the combination of a flaccid iris that billows in response to intraoperative irrigation currents; progressive intraoperative miosis despite preoperative dilation with standard mydriatic drugs; and potential prolapse of the iris toward the phacoemulsification incisions. Patients planning cataract surgery should be told to inform their ophthalmologist that they are taking silodosin [see ADVERSE REACTIONS (6.1)].

No laboratory test interactions were observed during clinical evaluations. Treatment with silodosin for up to 52 weeks had no significant effect on prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

In U.S. clinical trials, 897 patients with BPH were exposed to 8 mg silodosin daily. This includes 486 patients exposed for 6 months and 168 patients exposed for 1 year. The population was 44 to 87 years of age, and predominantly Caucasian. Of these patients, 42.8% were 65 years of age or older and 10.7% were 75 years of age or older.

In double-blind, placebo controlled, 12-week clinical trials, 466 patients were administered silodosin and 457 patients were administered placebo. At least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was reported by 55.2% of silodosin treated patients (36.8% for placebo treated). The majority (72.1%) of adverse reactions for the silodosin treated patients (59.8% for placebo treated) were qualified by the investigator as mild. A total of 6.4% of silodosin treated patients (2.2% for placebo treated) discontinued therapy due to an adverse reaction (treatment-emergent), the most common reaction being retrograde ejaculation (2.8%) for silodosin treated patients. Retrograde ejaculation is reversible upon discontinuation of treatment.

Adverse Reactions observed in at least 2% of patients:

The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse reactions listed in the following table were derived from two 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of silodosin 8 mg daily in BPH patients. Adverse reactions that occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with silodosin and more frequently than with placebo are shown in Table 1.

In the two 12-week, placebo-controlled clinical trials, the following adverse events were reported by between 1% and 2% of patients receiving silodosin and occurred more frequently than with placebo: insomnia, PSA increased, sinusitis, abdominal pain, asthenia, and rhinorrhea. One case of syncope in a patient taking prazosin concomitantly and one case of priapism were reported in the silodosin treatment group.

In a 9-month open-label safety study of silodosin, one case of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) was reported.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of silodosin. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure:

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: toxic skin eruption, purpura, skin rash, pruritus, and urticaria

Hepatobiliary disorders: jaundice, impaired hepatic function associated with increased transaminase values

Immune system disorders: allergic-type reactions, not limited to skin reactions including swollen tongue and pharyngeal edema resulting in serious outcomes

In a clinical metabolic inhibition study, a 3.8-fold increase in silodosin maximum plasma concentrations and 3.2-fold increase in silodosin exposure were observed with concurrent administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, 400 mg ketoconazole. Use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as itraconazole or ritonavir may cause plasma concentrations of silodosin to increase. Concomitant administration of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and silodosin is contraindicated [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.4)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

The effect of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of silodosin has not been evaluated. Concomitant administration with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., diltiazem, erythromycin, verapamil) may increase concentration of silodosin. Exercise caution and monitor patients for adverse events when co-administering silodosin with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors.

In vitrostudies indicated that silodosin is a P-gp substrate. Ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor that also inhibits P-gp, caused significant increase in exposure to silodosin. Inhibition of P-gp may lead to increased silodosin concentration. Silodosin is therefore not recommended in patients taking strong P-gp inhibitors such as cyclosporine [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

The pharmacodynamic interactions between silodosin and other alpha-blockers have not been determined. However, interactions may be expected, and silodosin should not be used in combination with other alpha-blockers [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)].

The effect of co-administration of silodosin and digoxin 0.25 mg/day for 7 days was evaluated in a clinical trial in 16 healthy males, aged 18 to 45 years. Concomitant administration of silodosin and digoxin did not significantly alter the steady state pharmacokinetics of digoxin. No dose adjustment is required.

Co-administration of silodosin with a single dose of 100 mg sildenafil or 20 mg tadalafil was evaluated in a placebo-controlled clinical study that included 24 healthy male subjects, 45 to 78 years of age. Orthostatic vital signs were monitored in the 12-hour period following concomitant dosing. During this period, the total number of positive orthostatic test results was greater in the group receiving silodosin plus a PDE5 inhibitor compared with silodosin alone. No events of symptomatic orthostasis or dizziness were reported in subjects receiving silodosin with a PDE5 inhibitor.

Antihypertensives

The pharmacodynamic interactions between silodosin and antihypertensives have not been rigorously investigated in a clinical study. However, approximately one-third of the patients in clinical studies used concomitant antihypertensive medications with silodosin. The incidence of dizziness and orthostatic hypotension in these patients was higher than in the general silodosin population (4.6% versus 3.8% and 3.4% versus 3.2%, respectively). Exercise caution during concomitant use with antihypertensives and monitor patients for possible adverse events [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.5)].

Metabolic Interactions

In vitrodata indicate that silodosin does not have the potential to inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzyme systems.

The effect of a moderate fat, moderate calorie meal on silodosin pharmacokinetics was variable and decreased silodosin maximum plasma concentration (C _max) by approximately 18 to 43% and exposure (AUC) by 4 to 49% across three different studies. Safety and efficacy clinical trials for silodosin were always conducted in the presence of food intake. Patients should be instructed to take silodosin with a meal to reduce risk of adverse events [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

Risk Summary

Silodosin is not indicated for use in females.

Silodosin is not indicated for use in females.

Infertility

Males

Possible effects on male fertility could be observed based on findings in rats at exposures that were at least two times higher than at the MRHD (based on AUC). These findings may be reversible, and the clinical relevance is unknown [see NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY (13.1)].

Silodosin is not indicated for use in pediatric patients. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

In double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week clinical studies of silodosin, 259 (55.6%) were under 65 years of age, 207 (44.4%) patients were 65 years of age and over, while 60 (12.9%) patients were 75 years of age and over. Orthostatic hypotension was reported in 2.3% of silodosin patients < 65 years of age (1.2% for placebo), 2.9% of silodosin patients ≥ 65 years of age (1.9% for placebo), and 5.0% of patients ≥ 75 years of age (0% for placebo). There were otherwise no significant differences in safety or effectiveness between older and younger patients [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

The effect of renal impairment on silodosin pharmacokinetics was evaluated in a single dose study of six male patients with moderate renal impairment and seven male subjects with normal renal function. Plasma concentrations of silodosin were approximately three times higher in subjects with moderate renal impairment compared with subjects with normal renal function.

Silodosin should be reduced to 4 mg per day in patients with moderate renal impairment. Exercise caution and monitor patients for adverse events.

Silodosin has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment. Silodosin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

In a study comparing nine male patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh scores 7 to 9), to nine healthy male subjects, the single dose pharmacokinetics of silodosin were not significantly altered in patients with hepatic impairment. No dosing adjustment is required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.

Silodosin has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Silodosin is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)].

Silodosin was evaluated at doses of up to 48 mg/day in healthy male subjects. The dose-limiting adverse event was postural hypotension.

Should overdose of silodosin lead to hypotension, support of the cardiovascular system is of first importance. Restoration of blood pressure and normalization of heart rate may be accomplished by maintaining the patient in the supine position. If this measure is inadequate, administration of intravenous fluid should be considered. If necessary, vasopressors could be used, and renal function should be monitored and supported as needed. Dialysis is unlikely to be of significant benefit since silodosin is highly (97%) protein bound.

Silodosin, a selective antagonist of alpha-1 adrenoreceptors. The chemical name of silodosin is 1-(3-Hydroxypropyl)-5-[(2 R)-2-({2-[2-(2,2,2­-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]ethyl}amino)propyl]-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indole-7-carboxamide and the molecular formula is C ₂₅H ₃₂F ₃N ₃O ₄with a molecular weight of 495.53. The structural formula of silodosin is:

Silodosin Chemical Structure (Silodosin Str)

Silodosin is a white to pale yellowish white powder that melts at approximately 105 to 109°C. It is freely soluble in ethanol, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and practically insoluble in water and 1-Octanol.

Each silodosin 8 mg capsule and 4 mg capsule for oral administration contains 8 mg silodosin and 4 mg silodosin respectively and the following inactive ingredients: hydrogenated vegetable oil, mannitol, pregelatinized starch (maize) and sodium lauryl sulfate. In addition, the empty hard gelatin capsules contain gelatin and titanium dioxide. The capsules are imprinted with edible ink containing black iron oxide, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution.

Silodosin is a selective antagonist of post-synaptic alpha-1 adrenoreceptors, which are located in the human prostate, bladder base, bladder neck, prostatic capsule, and prostatic urethra. Blockade of these alpha-1 adrenoreceptors can cause smooth muscle in these tissues to relax, resulting in an improvement in urine flow and a reduction in BPH symptoms.

An in vitrostudy examining binding affinity of silodosin to the three subtypes of the alpha-1 adrenoreceptors (alpha-1A, alpha-1B, and alpha-1D) was conducted. The results of the study demonstrated that silodosin binds with high affinity to the alpha-1A subtype.

Orthostatic Effects

A test for postural hypotension was conducted 2 to 6 hours after the first dose in the two 12‑week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies. After the patient had been at rest in a supine position for 5 minutes, the patient was asked to stand. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at 1 minute and 3 minutes after standing. A positive result was defined as a > 30 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure, or a > 20 mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, or a > 20 bpm increase in heart rate [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.1)].

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of silodosin on QT interval was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, active- (moxifloxacin) and placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in 189 healthy male subjects aged 18 to 45 years. Subjects received either silodosin 8 mg, silodosin 24 mg, or placebo once daily for five days, or a single dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg on Day 5 only. The 24 mg dose of silodosin was selected to achieve blood levels of silodosin that may be seen in a “worst-case” scenario exposure (i.e., in the setting of concomitant renal disease or use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors) [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)]. QT interval was measured during a 24-hour period following dosing on Day 5 (at silodosin steady state).

Silodosin was not associated with an increase in individual corrected (QTcI) QT interval at any time during steady state measurement, while moxifloxacin, the active control, was associated with a maximum 9.59 msec increase in QTcI.

There has been no signal of Torsade de Pointes in the post-marketing experience with silodosin outside the United States.

The pharmacokinetics of silodosin have been evaluated in adult male subjects with doses ranging from 0.1 mg to 24 mg per day. The pharmacokinetics of silodosin are linear throughout this dosage range.

Absorption

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of silodosin 8 mg once daily were determined in a multi- dose, open-label, 7-day pharmacokinetic study completed in 19 healthy, target-aged (≥ 45 years of age) male subjects. Table 3 presents the steady state pharmacokinetics of this study.

Figure 1 Mean (±SD) Silodosin Steady State Plasma Concentration-Time Profile in Healthy Target-Aged Subjects Following Silodosin 8 mg Once Daily with Food

Figure 1 Mean (±sd) Silodosin Steady State Plasma Concentration-time Profile In Healthy Target-aged Subjects Following Silodosin 8 mg Once Daily With Food (Silodosin Fig1)

The absolute bioavailability is approximately 32%.

Food Effect

The maximum effect of food (i.e., co-administration with a high fat, high calorie meal) on the PK of silodosin was not evaluated. The effect of a moderate fat, moderate calorie meal was variable and decreased silodosin C _maxby approximately 18 to 43% and AUC by 4 to 49% across three different studies.

In a single-center, open-label, single-dose, randomized, two-period crossover study in twenty healthy male subjects age 21 to 43 years under fed conditions, a study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability of the contents of an 8 mg capsule (size #1) of silodosin sprinkled on applesauce compared to the product administered as an intact capsule. Based on AUC _0-24and C _max, silodosin administered by sprinkling the contents of a silodosin capsule onto a tablespoonful of applesauce was found to be bioequivalent to administering the capsule whole.

Distribution

Silodosin has an apparent volume of distribution of 49.5 L and is approximately 97% protein bound.

Elimination

Metabolism

Silodosin undergoes extensive metabolism through glucuronidation, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) pathways. The main metabolite of silodosin is a glucuronide conjugate (KMD-3213G) that is formed via direct conjugation of silodosin by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7). Co-administration with inhibitors of UGT2B7 (e.g., probenecid, valproic acid, fluconazole) may potentially increase exposure to silodosin. KMD-3213G, which has been shown in vitroto be active, has an extended half-life (approximately 24 hours) and reaches plasma exposure (AUC) approximately four times greater than that of silodosin. The second major metabolite (KMD-3293) is formed via alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and reaches plasma exposures similar to that of silodosin. KMD-3293 is not expected to contribute significantly to the overall pharmacologic activity of silodosin.

Excretion

Following oral administration of ¹⁴C-labeled silodosin, the recovery of radioactivity after 10 days was approximately 33.5% in urine and 54.9% in feces. After intravenous administration, the plasma clearance of silodosin was approximately 10 L/hour.

Special Populations

Race

No clinical studies specifically investigating the effects of race have been performed.

Geriatric

In a study comparing 12 geriatric males (mean age 69 years) and 9 young males (mean age 24 years), the exposure (AUC) and elimination half-life of silodosin were approximately 15% and 20%, respectively, greater in geriatric than young subjects. No difference in the C _maxof silodosin was observed [see USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.5)].

Pediatric

Silodosin has not been evaluated in patients less than 18 years of age.

Renal Impairment

In a study with six subjects with moderate renal impairment, the total silodosin (bound and unbound) AUC, C _max, and elimination half-life were 3.2-, 3.1-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, compared to seven subjects with normal renal function. The unbound silodosin AUC and C _maxwere 2.0- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively, in subjects with moderate renal impairment compared to the normal controls.

In controlled and uncontrolled clinical studies, the incidence of orthostatic hypotension and dizziness was greater in subjects with moderate renal impairment treated with 8 mg silodosin daily than in subjects with normal or mildly impaired renal function [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.2)and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.6)].

Hepatic Impairment

In a study comparing nine male patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh scores 7 to 9), to nine healthy male subjects, the single dose pharmacokinetic disposition of silodosin was not significantly altered in the patients with moderate hepatic impairment. No dosing adjustment is required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of silodosin in patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been studied [see CONTRAINDICATIONS (4),  WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (5.3)and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS (8.7)].

Drug Interactions

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 Inhibitors

Two clinical drug interaction studies were conducted in which a single oral dose of silodosin was co-administered with the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, at doses of 400 mg and 200 mg, respectively, once daily for 4 days. Co-administration of 8 mg silodosin with 400 mg ketoconazole led to 3.8-fold increase in silodosin C _maxand 3.2-fold increase in AUC. Co-administration of 4 mg silodosin with 200 mg ketoconazole led to similar increases: 3.7- and 2.9-fold in silodosin C _maxand AUC, respectively. Silodosin is contraindicated with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

The effect of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of silodosin has not been evaluated. Due to the potential for increased exposure to silodosin, caution should be exercised when co-administering silodosin with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, particularly those that also inhibit P-glycoprotein (e.g., verapamil, erythromycin).

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Inhibitors

In vitro studies indicated that silodosin is a P-gp substrate. A drug interaction study with a strong P-gp inhibitor has not been conducted. However, in drug interaction studies with ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor that also inhibits P-gp, significant increase in exposure to silodosin was observed [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (12.3)] . Inhibition of P-gp may lead to increased silodosin concentration. Silodosin is not recommended in patients taking strong P-gp inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine).

Digoxin

The effect of silodosin on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin was evaluated in a multiple dose, single-sequence, crossover study of 16 healthy males, aged 18 to 45 years. A loading dose of digoxin was administered as 0.5 mg twice daily for one day. Following the loading doses, digoxin (0.25 mg once daily) was administered alone for seven days and then concomitantly with silodosin 4 mg twice a day for the next seven days. No significant differences in digoxin AUC and C _maxwere observed when digoxin was administered alone or concomitantly with silodosin.

Other Metabolic Enzymes and Transporters

In vitro studies indicated that silodosin administration is not likely to inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 or induce the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and P-gp.

In a 2-year oral carcinogenicity study in rats administered doses up to 150 mg/kg/day [about 8 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC of silodosin], an increase in thyroid follicular cell tumor incidence was seen in male rats receiving doses of 150 mg/kg/day. Silodosin induced stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion in the male rat as a result of increased metabolism and decreased circulating levels of thyroxine (T ₄). These changes are believed to produce specific morphological and functional changes in the rat thyroid including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and neoplasia. Silodosin did not alter TSH or T ₄levels in clinical trials and no effects based on thyroid examinations were noted. The relevance to human risk of these thyroid tumors in rats is not known.

In a 2-year oral carcinogenicity study in mice administered doses up to 100 mg/kg/day in males (about 9 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC of silodosin) and 400 mg/kg/day in females (about 72 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC), there were no significant tumor findings in male mice. Female mice treated for 2 years with doses of 150 mg/kg/day (about 29 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC) or greater had statistically significant increases in the incidence of mammary gland adenoacanthomas and adenocarcinomas. The increased incidence of mammary gland neoplasms in female mice was considered secondary to silodosin-induced hyperprolactinemia measured in the treated mice. Elevated prolactin levels were not observed in clinical trials. The relevance to human risk of prolactin-mediated endocrine tumors in mice is not known. Rats and mice do not produce glucuronidated silodosin, which is present in human serum at approximately four times the level of circulating silodosin and which has similar pharmacological activity to silodosin.

Silodosin produced no evidence of mutagenic or genotoxic potential in the in vitroAmes assay, mouse lymphoma assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and the in vivomouse micronucleus assay. A weakly positive response was obtained in two in vitroChinese Hamster Lung (CHL) tests for chromosomal aberration assays at high, cytotoxic concentrations.

Treatment of male rats with silodosin for 15 days resulted in decreased fertility at the high dose of 20 mg/kg/day (about 2 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC) which was reversible following a two-week recovery period. No effect was observed at 6 mg/kg/day. The clinical relevance of this finding is not known.

In a fertility study in female rats, the high dose of 20 mg/kg/day (about 1 to 4 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC) resulted in estrus cycle changes, but no effect on fertility. No effect on the estrus cycle was observed at 6 mg/kg/day.

In a male rat fertility study, sperm viability and count were significantly lower after administration of 600 mg/kg/day (about 65 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC) for one month. Histopathological examination of infertile males revealed changes in the testes and epididymides at 200 mg/kg/day (about 30 times the exposure at the MRHD based on AUC).

Two 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies were conducted with 8 mg daily of silodosin. In these two studies, 923 patients [mean age 64.6 years; Caucasian (89.3%), Hispanic (4.9%), Black (3.9%), Asian (1.2%), Other (0.8%)] were randomized and 466 patients received silodosin 8 mg daily. The two studies were identical in design except for the inclusion of pharmacokinetic sampling in Study 1. The primary efficacy assessment was the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) which evaluated irritative (frequency, urgency, and nocturia), and obstructive (hesitancy, incomplete emptying, intermittency, and weak stream) symptoms. Maximum urine flow rate (Q _max) was a secondary efficacy measure.

Mean changes from baseline to last assessment (Week 12) in total IPSS score were statistically significantly greater for groups treated with silodosin than those treated with placebo in both studies (Table 4 and Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2 Mean Change from Baseline in IPSS Total Score by Treatment Group and Visit in Study 1

Figure 2 Mean Change From Baseline In Ipss Total Score By Treatment Group And Visit In Study 1 (Silodosin Fig2)

Figure 3 Mean Change from Baseline in IPSS Total Score by Treatment Group and Visit in Study 2

Figure 3 Mean Change From Baseline In Ipss Total Score By Treatment Group And Visit In Study 2 (Silodosin Fig3)

Figure 4 Mean Change from Baseline in Q _max(mL/sec) by Treatment Group and Visit in Study 1

Figure 4 Mean Change From Baseline In Qmax (ml/sec) By Treatment Group And Visit In Study 1 (Silodosin Fig4)

Figure 5 Mean Change From Baseline In Qmax (ml/sec) By Treatment Group And Visit In Study 2 (Silodosin Fig5)

Silodosin Capsules, 4 mg are size ‘3’ capsules with white opaque hard gelatin cap imprinted with “SIL” and white opaque hard gelatin body imprinted with “4 mg” in black ink containing white to off-white powder.

Bottles of 30 capsules NDC 72789-351-30

Storage

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light and moisture.

Keep out of reach of children.

Advise patients to take silodosin once daily with a meal [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

Advise patients about the possible occurrence of symptoms related to postural hypotension (such as dizziness), and should be cautioned about driving, operating machinery, or performing hazardous tasks until they know how silodosin will affect them. This is especially important for those with low blood pressure or who are taking antihypertensive medications [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Counsel patients on that the most common side effect seen with silodosin is an orgasm with reduced or no semen. This side effect does not pose a safety concern and is reversible with discontinuation of the product [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Counsel patients to tell their ophthalmologist about the use of silodosin before cataract surgery or other procedures involving the eyes, even if the patient is no longer taking silodosin [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].

Distributed by:
Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc.
279 Princeton-Hightstown Road
East Windsor, NJ 08520

Manufactured by:
Aurobindo Pharma Limited
Hyderabad-500 032, India

Revised: 07/2021

Rx only
Silodosin Capsules
4 mg

72789351 Label (72789351)