Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Intrathecal Administration
Adults
Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) in 1,531 adult patients following intrathecal administration of iohexol injection in clinical trials are presented in Table 16.
Table 16: Adverse Reactions (≥ 1%) in Adult Patients Following Intrathecal Administration of Iohexol Injection in Clinical Trials
System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence N = 1,531 |
Nervous system disorders | Headaches | 18% |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Pain including backache, neckache, stiffness, neuralgia | 8% |
Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea | 6% |
Vomiting | 3% |
Nervous System disorders | Dizziness | 2% |
Other adverse reactions (< 1%) were:
Ear and labyrinth disorders: tinnitus, vertigo
Eye disorders: photophobia
General disorders and administration site conditions: sensation of heat
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: loss of appetite
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: feeling of heaviness
Nervous system disorders: drowsiness, hypertonia, neuralgia, neurological changes, paresthesia, syncope
Renal and urinary disorders: difficulty in micturition
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: sweating
Vascular disorders: hypertension, hypotension
Pediatric Patients
The adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients following intrathecal administration of iohexol injection were generally similar to those reported in adults. A total of 152 pediatric patients were administered iohexol injection 180 mg iodine/mL intrathecally by lumbar puncture for pediatric myelography in clinical trials. Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) are presented in Table 17.
Table 17: Adverse Reactions (≥ 1%) in Pediatric Patients Following Intrathecal Administration of Iohexol Injection 180 mg iodine/mL by Lumbar Puncture for Myelography in Clinical Trials
System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence N = 152 |
Nervous system disorders | Headache | 9% |
Gastrointestinal disorders | Vomiting | 6% |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Backache | 1.3% |
Other adverse reactions (< 1%) were:
Gastrointestinal disorders: stomachache
General disorders and administration site conditions: fever
Nervous system disorders: neurological changes
Psychiatric disorders: visual hallucination
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: hives
Intra-arterial or Intravenous Administration
Adults
Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) in 1,485 adult patients following intra-arterial or intravenous administration of iohexol injection in clinical trials are presented in Table 18.
Table 18: Adverse Reactions (≥ 1%) in Adult Patients Following Intra-arterial or Intravenous Administration of Iohexol Injection in Clinical Trials
System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence (N = 1,485) |
Cardiac disorders | Arrhythmias including PVCs and PACs | 2% |
Nervous system disorders | Pain | 3% |
Vision abnormalities including blurred vision and photomas | 2% |
Taste perversion | 1% |
Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea | 2% |
Other adverse reactions (< 1%) were:
Cardiac disorders: hypotension, cardiac failure, asystole, bradycardia, tachycardia, vasovagal reaction
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, rhinitis, coughing, laryngitis
Gastrointestinal disorders: vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, cramp, dry mouth
General disorders and administration site conditions: fever, shivering
Nervous system disorders: cerebral infarction, convulsion, hemiparesis, motor and speech dysfunction, nystagmus, paresthesia, somnolence, transient ischemic attack, vertigo including dizziness and lightheadedness
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: still neck
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: urticaria, abscess, pruritus, purpura
Psychiatric disorders: anxiety, syncope
Pediatric Patients
Adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients following intra-arterial or intravenous administration of iohexol injection were generally similar in quality and frequency to those reported in adults. A total of 391 pediatric patients in clinical trials were administered iohexol injection 240 mg iodine/mL, 300 mg iodine/mL, or 350 mg iodine/mL by intra-arterial or intravenous injection for pediatric cardiac ventriculography, excretory urography, and CT head imaging.
Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) were vomiting (2%) and nausea (1%).
Other adverse reactions (< 1%) were:
Cardiac disorders: Ventricular tachycardia, 2:1 heart block, hypertension, anemia
General disorders and administration site conditions: Pain, fever
Nervous system disorders: Convulsion, taste abnormality
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Congestion, apnea
Endocrine disorders: Hypoglycemia
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash
Oral or Rectal Administration for Examination of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Adults
A total of 54 adult patients were administered undiluted iohexol injection 350 mg iodine/mL by oral route for radiographic examination of the gastrointestinal tract in clinical trials. Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) are presented in Table 19.
Table 19: Adverse Reactions (≥ 1%) in Adult Patients Following Oral Administration of Undiluted Iohexol Injection 350 mg Iodine/mL in Clinical Trials
| System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence N = 54 |
|---|
Gastrointestinal disorders | Diarrhea | 42% |
Nausea | 15% |
Vomiting | 11% |
Abdominal Pain | 7% |
Flatulence | 2% |
Nervous system disorders | Headache | 2% |
Pediatrics Patients
A total of 58 pediatric patients were administered iohexol injection by oral or rectal administration in clinical trials. Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) are presented in Table 20.
Table 20: Adverse Reactions (≥ 1%) in Pediatric Patients Following Oral or Rectal Administration of Iohexol Injection in Clinical Trials
| System Organ Class | Adverse Reaction | Incidence N = 58 |
|---|
Gastrointestinal disorders | Diarrhea | 36% |
Vomiting | 9% |
Nausea | 5% |
Abdominal pain | 2% |
General disorders and administration site conditions | Fever | 5% |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Urticaria | 2% |
Vascular disorders | Hypotension | 2% |
Oral Administration for CT of the Abdomen in Conjunction with Intravenous Administration
Adults
A total of 44 adult patients received diluted iohexol injection (4 mg iodine/mL to 9 mg iodine/mL) by oral route in conjunction with intravenously injected iohexol 300 mg iodine/mL for CT examination of the abdomen in clinical trials. Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) were limited to a single report of vomiting (2.3%).
Pediatric Patients
A total of 69 pediatric patients received diluted iohexol injection (9 mg iodine/mL to 29 mg iodine/mL) by oral route in conjunction with intravenously administered iohexol injection 240 mg iodine/mL or iohexol injection 300 mg iodine/mL for CT examination of the abdomen in clinical trials. Adverse reactions (≥ 1%) were limited to a single report of vomiting (1.4%).
Intraarticular Administration
Arthrography in Adults
A total of 285 adult patients received iohexol injection 240 mg iodine/mL, 300 mg iodine/mL, or 350 mg iodine/mL for various body cavity examinations in clinical trials. The most frequent adverse reactions (≥ 1%) were administration site pain (26%) and swelling (22%) in arthrography. Patients also experienced heat (7%).
Body Cavity Use
VCU in Pediatric Patients
No new adverse reactions associated with the use of iohexol injection for VCU procedures were reported in 51 pediatric patients studied.