Magnesium Sulfate In Dextrose Injection, Solution
FDA Label NDC 0264-4400

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is indicated for:

• Prevention of eclampsia in patients with preeclampsia
• Treatment of seizures and prevention of recurrent seizures in patients with eclampsia

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is:

• A clear solution. Visually inspect Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not administer unless solution is clear and colorless to slightly yellow.
• For intravenous use only
• Administered via intravenous infusion pump

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection does not require dilution prior to intravenous administration.

Check for minute leaks by squeezing the container fully. Do not administer Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection if there is a leak [see Description (11)].

Do not administer Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection with incompatible drugs through the same intravenous line [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)]. Do not use Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection in series connections.

• The recommended loading dosage of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection in patients with eclampsia or preeclampsia is 4 to 6 grams over 15 minutes followed by a recommended maintenance dosage of 1 to 2 grams every hour.
• Obtain serum magnesium concentrations and assess clinical status to adjust the dosage.
• In patients with eclampsia, consider targeting the maintenance dosage to achieve serum magnesium concentrations of 3 to 6 mg per 100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq per liter). For patients with recurrent eclampsia, consider giving an additional 2 gram intravenous bolus.
• For patients with eclampsia, therapy should continue until seizures cease.
• The maximum recommended dosage is 30 to 40 grams of magnesium sulfate over 24 hours.
• Administration of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection beyond 5 to 7 days is not recommended [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

• In patients with severe renal impairment and/or a urine output less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour, initiate Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection with a 4 gram loading dose followed by a maintenance dosage of 1 gram every hour.
• Titrate the magnesium sulfate maintenance dosage to maintain concentrations in the target range through frequent monitoring of magnesium concentrations and observation for clinical signs of magnesium toxicity (e.g., facial edema, diminished strength of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory depression). A lower maintenance dosage requirement is likely in these patients.
• Do not exceed the maximum recommended dosage of 20 grams of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection over 48 hours.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is not compatible with administration of a variety of solutions and forms precipitates of magnesium salts. Before using Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection with another parenteral product, investigate potential incompatibilities. Incompatible products that should not be coadministered include salicylates and alkali carbonates.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a clear and colorless to slightly yellow solution supplied in single-dose bags:

• 0.01 grams per mL (1%):
  • 100 mL bag containing 1 gram of magnesium sulfate in 5% dextrose injection

  Each 100 mL contains 5 grams of hydrous dextrose in Water for Injection.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is contraindicated in patients:

• with heart block or myocardial damage
• in diabetic coma
• with myasthenia gravis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]

Continuous administration of magnesium sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days in pregnant women can lead to hypocalcemia and bone abnormalities in the developing fetus, including skeletal demineralization and osteopenia. In addition, cases of neonatal fracture have been reported.

Neonates of women receiving Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection (especially with prolonged maternal use) are at risk for magnesium toxicity including hyporeflexia, hypotonia, and respiratory depression. There is one reported case of neonatal death as the result of magnesium toxicity after transplacental exposure.

The shortest duration of magnesium sulfate treatment that can lead to fetal harm is not known. Administration of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection beyond 5 to 7 days is not recommended.

Patients receiving Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection are at risk for magnesium toxicity including respiratory depression, acute renal failure and rarely, pulmonary edema.

Monitor clinical signs of magnesium toxicity (for example, facial edema, diminished strength of deep tendon reflexes, respiratory depression) and magnesium concentrations during infusions of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection. Clinical indications of a safe dosage regimen include the presence of the patellar reflex (knee jerk) and absence of respiratory depression (approximately 16 breaths or more per minute). Serum magnesium concentrations usually sufficient to control convulsions range from 3 to 6 mg per 100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq per liter). The strength of the deep tendon reflexes begins to diminish when serum magnesium concentrations exceed 4 mEq per liter. Reflexes may be absent at concentration of 10 mEq per liter, at which point respiratory paralysis is a potential hazard. An injectable calcium salt should be immediately available to counteract the potential hazards of magnesium toxicity in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. If there is significant magnesium toxicity, stop the Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection infusion and recheck serum magnesium concentration.

Patients with renal impairment are at greater risk of magnesium toxicity because magnesium is excreted by the body solely by the kidneys [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)]. Urine output should be maintained at a level of 100 mL per 4 hours. Monitoring serum magnesium levels and the patient's clinical status is essential to avoid the consequences of overdosage in patients with preeclampsia. Discontinuation of the magnesium infusion is recommended when urine output is less than 100 mL every 4 hours to avoid magnesium toxicity, especially if serum creatinine is increasing progressively.

Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known prediabetes or diabetes mellitus given the risk of elevated blood glucose.

Do not use Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection with unapproved tocolytics (e.g., beta adrenergic agents such as terbutaline, or with calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine). Serious adverse events including pulmonary edema and hypotension have occurred [see Drug Interactions (7)].

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection contains aluminum that may be toxic (Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection contains less than 25 mcg/L of aluminum). Aluminum may reach toxic concentrations with prolonged parenteral administration in patients with renal impairment.

Patients with renal impairment who receive parenteral concentrations of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day, accumulate aluminum at concentrations associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is contraindicated in patients with known myasthenia gravis.

Use of magnesium sulfate in patients with underlying myasthenia gravis can precipitate a myasthenic crisis. Myasthenic crisis is a life-threatening condition characterized by neuromuscular respiratory failure. Symptoms of myasthenic crisis may include difficulty swallowing, ptosis, facial droop, weakness and/or difficulty breathing that may require intubation.

If myasthenic crisis is suspected, discontinue use of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection immediately. Secure the patient's airway. Consider intensive care unit admission and elective intubation, if respiratory failure is anticipated. Once the airway is secure, confirm the diagnosis. Therapies include plasmapheresis and plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and immunomodulating therapy in addition to high-dose glucocorticoids.

The following adverse reactions have been identified in clinical studies or postmarketing reports. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Table 1 presents the potential clinical impact of medications that may be commonly administered concomitantly with Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection in the clinical setting.

The use of intravenous magnesium in pregnant women increases human milk magnesium concentrations only slightly and oral absorption of magnesium by the infant is poor. The effect of intravenous magnesium on milk production is unknown. The developmental and health benefits to the neonate of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection or from the underlying maternal condition.

The safety and effectiveness of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection have been established for the prevention of eclampsia in adolescents with preeclampsia and the treatment of seizures and prevention of recurrent seizures in adolescents with eclampsia. Dosing recommendation in pregnant adolescent patients are the same as for pregnant adult patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Magnesium is excreted solely by the kidneys. Patients with severe renal impairment (urine output less than 100 mL per 4 hours) are at greater risk for increased magnesium concentrations that may lead to magnesium toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. In patients with severe renal impairment, dosage reduction is recommended and the maximum recommended dosage is lower than patients with normal renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

Manifestations of magnesium toxicity include a drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and disappearance of the patellar reflex. As serum magnesium rises above 4 mEq per liter, the deep tendon reflexes decrease. As the serum magnesium level approaches 10 mEq per liter, the tendon reflexes disappear and respiratory paralysis may occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Other signs and symptoms of magnesium overdosage include flushing, sweating, hypotension, weakness, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and central nervous system depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis, cardiac arrest, and prolongation of PR and QRS intervals. Patients with renal impairment and underlying neuromuscular diseases such as myasthenia gravis may experience magnesium intoxication at lower magnesium concentrations (Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis).

If patient is experiencing magnesium toxicity, immediately discontinue Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection. Artificial respiration may be required. Administer an injectable calcium salt to counteract the potential hazards of magnesium toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Hypermagnesemia in the newborn (after administration of Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection to the mother) may require resuscitation and assisted ventilation via endotracheal intubation or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as intravenous calcium.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and dextrose in water for injection for intravenous use. Each 100 mL contains 1 gram of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and dextrose, hydrous 5 grams in water for injection [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP may contain sulfuric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The pH is 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5).

Magnesium Sulfate, USP heptahydrate is chemically known as sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1), heptahydrate and chemically designated MgSO₄ ∙ 7H₂O, with a molecular weight of 246.47. It occurs as colorless crystals or white powder freely soluble in water.

Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose, monohydrate, a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. The molecular formula is C₆H₁₂O₆ ∙ H₂O and the molecular weight is 198.17. It has the following structural formula:

Chemical Structure (Magnesium Sulfate In Dextrose Injection In Pab 1)

Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H₂O.

Not made with natural rubber latex, DEHP or PVC.

The plastic container is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene  formulated and developed for parenteral drugs. The copolymer contains no plasticizers. The safety of the plastic container has been confirmed by biological evaluation procedures. The material passes Class Vl testing as specified in the U.S. Pharmacopeia for Biological Tests — Plastic Containers.

The container/solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container has two ports, one is for the intravenous administration set covered by a tamper proof barrier and the other is a blocked port. Refer to the directions for use of the container to properly identify the ports [see How Supplied/Storage and handling (16)].

No vapor barrier is necessary.

Magnesium prevents seizures in patients with preeclampsia and controls seizures in patients with eclampsia by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Magnesium has a depressant effect on the central nervous system [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Magnesium acts peripherally to produce vasodilation.

With intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. The estimated magnesium concentration (above baseline) required to elicit half-maximum effect (EC₅₀) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women with preeclampsia that received intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy was reported to be 1.5 and 1.8 mEq per liter (1.9 and 2.2 mg per dL), respectively, in a published study. Effective anticonvulsant serum concentrations range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq per liter.

Studies with Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is a clear solution supplied in single-dose 100 mL fill PAB® containers packaged 24 per case (see Table 2).

PAB is a registered trademark of B. Braun Medical Inc.

Magnesium Sulfate in 5% Dextrose Injection is typically administered to pregnancy women in emergent situations. When feasible, advise the patient and family of the following:

NDC 0264-4400-54

Magnesium Sulfate in
5% Dextrose Injection, USP

(0.081 mEq Mg++/mL)
1 g/100 mL (10 mg/mL)

1g
Total

100 mL PAB® Container

Each 100 mL contains Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate 1 g
(equivalent to 8.1 mEq Magnesium) and Dextrose, Hydrous 5 g in
Water for Injection. May contain Sulfuric Acid and/or Sodium
Hydroxide for pH adjustment.

pH 4.5 (3.5 to 6.5); 333 mOsmol/liter (Calc.)

Single dose container. Discard unused portion. For Intravenous
Use Only. Usual dosage: See prescribing information.
Sterile, nonpyrogenic. Use only if solution is clear and container
is undamaged. Must not be used in series connections.

CAUTION: DO NOT ADD SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICATION.
WHENEVER POSSIBLE USE CENTRAL ROUTE.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between
15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from freezing.

REF D4400-54

Not made with natural
rubber latex, DEHP or PVC.

Rx only

B. Braun Medical Inc.
Bethlehem, PA 18018-3524 USA
1-800-227-2862

Y94-003-206 LD-473-1

LOT

EXP

D4400-54 Container Label (Magnesium Sulfate In Dextrose Injection In Pab 5)