- DENGVAXIA is not approved for use in individuals not previously infected by any dengue virus serotype or for whom this information is unknown. Those not previously infected are at increased risk for severe dengue disease when vaccinated and subsequently infected with dengue virus. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1).] Previous dengue infection can be assessed through a medical record of a previous laboratory-confirmed dengue infection or through serological testing prior to vaccination.
- The safety and effectiveness of DENGVAXIA have not been established in individuals living in dengue nonendemic areas who travel to dengue endemic areas.
Solicited Adverse Reactions
In a multi-center, observer-blind, randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled trial conducted in four Latin American countries and Puerto Rico (Study 1, NCT01374516), 2,000 subjects (out of a total of 20,869 subjects) were recruited during the first 2 months of enrollment for inclusion in the reactogenicity subset. Solicited adverse reactions were recorded daily for 14 days following each vaccination.
Table 1 presents the frequency and severity of solicited injection site reactions reported within 7 days and systemic adverse reactions reported within 14 days following receipt of DENGVAXIA or placebo.
Table 1: Percentages of Subjects with Solicited Injection Site Reactions within 7 Days and Systemic Adverse Reactions within 14 Days Following Receipt of Each Dose of DENGVAXIA or Placebo in Children and Adolescents 9 through 16 Years of Age in Study 1 | Dose 1 | Dose 2 | Dose 3 |
|---|
DENGVAXIA % N = 1,264–1,326 | Placebo % N = 635–657 | DENGVAXIA % N = 1,228–1,298 | Placebo % N = 594–639 | DENGVAXIA % N = 1,215–1,279 | Placebo % N = 597 –631 |
|---|
N: range number of subjects with available data for the specified endpoints Study 1, NCT01374516 Placebo: 0.9% sodium chloride |
| Injection Site Reactions |
| Pain For subjects 9 through 11 years of age – Grade 3: Incapacitating, unable to perform usual activities. For subjects 12 through 16 years of age – Grade 3: Significant; prevents daily activity. | Any Grade 3 | 32.4 0.8 | 26.3 0.9 | 25.6 0.5 | 16.4 0.0 | 22.5 0.9 | 16.5 0.3 |
| Erythema For subjects 9 through 11 years of age – Grade 3: ≥50 mm. For subjects 12 through 16 years of age – Grade 3: >100 mm. | Any Grade 3 | 4.1 0.0 | 4.7 0.2 | 1.9 <0.1 | 1.7 0.0 | 1.5 0.0 | 1.6 0.0 |
| Swelling | Any Grade 3 | 3.5 0.0 | 2.7 0.2 | 1.9 0.0 | 0.9 0.0 | 1.6 0.0 | 1.3 0.0 |
| Systemic Adverse Reactions | | |
| Asthenia For all subjects – Grade 3: Significant; prevents daily activity. | Any Grade 3 | 24.6 2.7 | 22.5 2.6 | 17.8 1.8 | 16.4 1.1 | 16.3 1.3 | 17.4 1.3 |
| Fever For all subjects – Any Fever: ≥38.0°C. Grade 3: ≥39.0°C. | Any Grade 3 | 6.8 1.7 | 6.6 1.1 | 5.9 0.8 | 7.1 1.2 | 7.3 1.1 | 8.7 0.8 |
| Headache | Any Grade 3 | 39.9 5.1 | 41.6 4.1 | 29.8 2.1 | 28.5 2.3 | 29.6 2.6 | 25.0 1.9 |
| Malaise | Any Grade 3 | 24.5 2.4 | 25.9 2.3 | 20.8 1.3 | 16.6 1.3 | 19.3 1.4 | 15.2 1.1 |
| Myalgia | Any Grade 3 | 29.2 2.2 | 27.4 1.5 | 21.0 1.6 | 15.8 0.8 | 20.0 1.5 | 18.4 0.8 |
Unsolicited Non-serious Adverse Reactions
In Study 1, 1.2% of subjects in the DENGVAXIA group (16/1,333) and 0.8% of subjects in the placebo group (5/664) reported at least 1 unsolicited non-serious adverse reaction within 28 days following any dose.
In this study, 0.7% of the subjects in the DENGVAXIA group and 0.5% in the placebo group reported at least one unsolicited non-serious injection site adverse reaction. The unsolicited non-serious adverse reactions were injection site pain, hematoma, pruritus and anesthesia in the vaccine group and pain and induration in the control group.
In this study, 0.5% of the subjects in the DENGVAXIA group and 0.3% in the placebo group reported at least one unsolicited non-serious systemic adverse reaction. The unsolicited non-serious systemic adverse reactions were malaise, abdominal pain, vomiting, dyspnea, generalized erythema, vertigo, asthma crisis and urticaria in the vaccine group and pruritus and lymphadenitis in the control group.
Most unsolicited non-serious adverse reactions started within 3 days of any injection and resolved within 3 days or less.
A total of 2 subjects (one subject with asthma crisis and urticaria occurring the day of the first dose, and one subject with malaise occurring 20 days after the first dose) in the DENGVAXIA group (0.2%) and none in the placebo group reported unsolicited non-serious Grade 3 (significant; prevents daily activity) adverse reactions.
Severe Dengue Following Vaccination with DENGVAXIA and Subsequent Dengue Infection
Subjects were monitored for severe dengue from Day 0 (day of first study vaccination) to Month 60–72 (after first study vaccination) in three multi-center, observer-blind, randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled trials conducted in Latin America and Puerto Rico (Study 1, NCT01374516) and the Asia-Pacific region (Study 2, NCT01373281; Study 3, NCT00842530). A subset of 3,203 subjects (80.1%) enrolled in Study 3 were re-consented to participate in an extension study to evaluate safety of DENGVAXIA for 72 months (Study 4, NCT01983553). A total of 18,265 children and adolescents 9 through 16 years of age enrolled in these trials received at least one dose of DENGVAXIA. Table 2 presents the incidences and hazard ratios of severe dengue from Month 13 to Month 60–72 post vaccination with DENGVAXIA or placebo in children and adolescents 9 through 16 years of age, by dengue baseline serostatus. An increased rate of severe dengue was observed following vaccination with DENGVAXIA and subsequent infection with any dengue virus serotype in persons not previously infected by dengue virus. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1).]
Table 2: Number of Events and Incidence of Severe DengueSevere Dengue according to IDMC (Independent Data Monitoring Committee) definition: Proven dengue fever (2 days fever + virological confirmation) plus one of the following: (a) Platelet count ≤100,000/μL and bleeding plus plasma leakage (effusion on chest x-ray [CXR] or clinically apparent ascites including imaging procedures or hematocrit ≥20% above baseline recovery level or standard for age if only one reading); (b) shock; (c) bleeding (requiring blood transfusion); (d) encephalopathy; (e) liver impairment; (f) impaired kidney function; (g) myocarditis, pericarditis or clinical heart failure.
From Month 13 to Month 60-72The follow-up period corresponded to a minimum of 60 months for Study 1, a minimum of 63 months for Study 2 and 72 months for the combination of Study 3 and its extension, Study 4.
in Children 9 through 16 Years of Age, by Previous Dengue Infection Status, in Studies 1, 2, 3, and 4| Dengue Infection Status at Month 13 Based on measured Dengue anti-NS1 IgG ELISA at Month 13 from first vaccination (Dengue Seropositive= ≥9EU/mL). | DENGVAXIA n (IncidenceCumulative incidence over 4 years from 13 months after the first vaccination. , %) | Placebo n (Incidence, %) | Hazard Ratio of Severe Dengue (95% CI) |
|---|
n: number of subject with severe dengue cases CI: confidence interval Study 1, NCT01374516; Study 2, NCT01373281; Study 3, NCT00842530; Study 4, NCT01983553 |
Previous Dengue Infection (Dengue seropositive at Month 13) | 10 (0.068) | 27 (0.401) | 0.18 (0.09; 0.37) |
No Previous Dengue Infection (Dengue seronegative at Month 13) | 12 (0.380) | 1 (0.069) | 6.25 (0.81; 48.32) |
Non-fatal Serious Adverse Events
In the 9 studies conducted among subjects 9 through 16 years of age (NCT 01374516, NCT01373281, NCT00842530, NCT00993447, NCT00875524, NCT00788151, NCT00880893, NCT01187433, NCT01254422), subjects were monitored for serious adverse events (SAEs) for at least 6 months after the last dose of DENGVAXIA.
The proportions of subjects who reported at least 1 non-fatal SAE within 28 days following any dose were 0.6% (123/19,102) in the DENGVAXIA group and 0.8% (73/9,484) in the placebo group. The following events were considered related to DENGVAXIA: asthma attack (day of Dose 1), urticaria (day of Dose 2) and convulsion (day of Dose 1).
The proportions of subjects who reported at least 1 non-fatal SAE after 28 days and up to 6 months after any dose were similar in the 2 groups: 2.8% in the DENGVAXIA group (534/19,102) and 3.2% in the placebo group (307/9,484). None of these SAEs were considered related to the vaccination.
Deaths
From the first administered dose up to Month 72, 51 deaths (0.3%) for subjects who received DENGVAXIA and 26 deaths (0.3 %) for subjects who received placebo were reported in the 9 studies conducted among subjects 9 though 16 years of age. None of the deaths were considered related to vaccination. Causes of death among subjects were consistent with those generally reported in children and adolescent populations.
Immune system disorders
Allergic including anaphylactic reactions.
Infections and infestations
Severe dengue infection, including hospitalization and death, in individuals for whom dengue infection status prior to vaccination was unknown and who were subsequently infected with dengue following vaccination.
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to DENGVAXIA during pregnancy. Women who receive DENGVAXIA during pregnancy are encouraged to contact directly, or have their healthcare professional contact, Sanofi Pasteur Inc. at 1-800-822-2463 (1-800-VACCINE) to enroll in or obtain information about the registry.
Risk Summary
All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the US general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
No specific studies of DENGVAXIA have been performed among pregnant women. A limited number of cases of inadvertent exposure during pregnancy were reported during clinical studies. Isolated adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., stillbirth, intrauterine death, spontaneous abortion, blighted ovum) have been observed for these exposed pregnancies, with similar frequency and nature in the vaccinated individuals compared to the control group, and with risk factors identified for all cases. Available data in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine the effects of DENGVAXIA on pregnancy, embryo-fetal development, parturition and postnatal development.
In two developmental toxicity studies, the effect of DENGVAXIA on embryo-fetal and postnatal development was evaluated in pregnant rabbits and mice. A developmental toxicity study was performed in female rabbits given a 5 log10 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID50) of DENGVAXIA (full human dose ranging from 4.5 log10 to 6.0 log10 CCID50) by intravenous injection prior to mating and during gestation. The study revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to DENGVAXIA. In another study, female mice were administered a single dose of 5 log10 CCID50, 6.5 log10 CCID50 (about 3 times the highest human dose) or 8 log10 CCID50 (about 100 times the highest human dose) of DENGVAXIA by intravenous injection during gestation. Fetal toxicities were observed at maternally toxic doses. [See Animal Data (8.1).]
Clinical Considerations
Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk
Pregnant women are at increased risk of complications associated with dengue infection compared to non-pregnant women. Pregnant women with dengue may be at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm labor and delivery. Vertical transmission of dengue virus from mothers with viremia at delivery to their infants has been reported.
Fetal/neonatal adverse reactions
Vaccine viremia can occur 7 to 14 days after vaccination with a duration of <7 days [See Pharmacokinetics (12.3).]. The potential for transmission of the vaccine virus from mother to infant is unknown.
Animal Data
In two developmental toxicity studies, the effect of DENGVAXIA on embryo-fetal and postnatal development was evaluated in pregnant rabbits and mice.
Rabbits were administered a full human dose [0.5 mL (5 log10 CCID50/animal/occasion)] of DENGVAXIA by intravenous injection 30 and 10 days before mating and on Days 6, 12 and 27 during gestation. No vaccine-related fetal malformation or variations and adverse effects on female fertility or preweaning development were reported in this study. Pregnant mice were administered a single dose of either 5 log10 CCID50 (full human dose ranging from 4.5 log10 to 6.0 log10 CCID50), 6.5 log10 CCID50 (about 3 times the highest human dose) or 8 log10 CCID50 (about 100 times the highest human dose) of DENGVAXIA by intravenous injection on Day 6, 9 or 12 of gestation. At doses of 6.5 log10 CCID50 or 8 log10 CCID50 of DENGVAXIA, maternal toxicity was observed which was associated with increased postimplantation loss and at doses of 8 log10 CCID50 with reduced fetal body weight. The significance of this observation for humans is unknown, especially considering the different route of administration (the human route of administration is subcutaneous) and dose levels which exceeded the intended human dose. There were no vaccine related fetal malformations or other evidence of teratogenesis noted in this study.
Risk Summary
Human data are not available to assess the impact of DENGVAXIA on milk production, its presence in breast milk, or its effects on the breastfed child. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for DENGVAXIA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from DENGVAXIA or from the underlying maternal condition. For preventive vaccines, the underlying condition is susceptibility to disease prevented by the vaccine. A lactation study in which female mice were administered a single dose of DENGVAXIA on day 14 of lactation did not show the presence of DENGVAXIA in breast milk.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk
Vertical transmission of dengue virus, including potentially through breastmilk, has been reported.
Fetal/neonatal adverse reactions
Vaccine viremia can occur 7 to 14 days after vaccination with a duration of <7 days. [See Pharmacokinetics (12.3).] The potential for transmission of the vaccine virus from mother to infant through breastmilk is unknown.
Animal Data
A developmental toxicity study in which female mice were administered a single injection of 5 log10 CCID50 (full human dose ranging from 4.5 log10 to 6.0 log10 CCID50), 6.5 log10 CCID50 or 8 log10 CCID50 of DENGVAXIA by intravenous injection on Day 14 of lactation did not show the presence of DENGVAXIA in breast milk in mice when measured 24 hours after vaccine administration.
Viremia
In studies that evaluated the occurrence of vaccine viremia systematically at pre-specified timepoints, vaccine viremia (measured by genomic amplification methods) was observed following vaccination with DENGVAXIA in 5.6% of subjects, with 90% of these occurrences documented after the first injection. Vaccine viremia was observed 7 to 14 days after DENGVAXIA vaccination with a duration of <7 days.
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