The recommended initial INVEGA HAFYERA dose is based on the previous PP1M dose (see Table 1). Initiate INVEGA HAFYERA when the next PP1M dose is scheduled. INVEGA HAFYERA may be administered up to 1 week before or 1 week after the next scheduled PP1M dose. When switching from PP1M to INVEGA HAFYERA, the two injection cycles immediately preceding the switch should be the same dosage strength before starting INVEGA HAFYERA.
The recommended initial INVEGA HAFYERA dose is based on the previous PP3M dose (see Table 2). Initiate INVEGA HAFYERA when the next PP3M dose is scheduled. INVEGA HAFYERA may be administered up to 2 weeks before or 2 weeks after the next scheduled PP3M dose.
Following the initial dose, administer INVEGA HAFYERA once every 6 months.
If needed, dosage adjustment can be made every 6 months between the dose of 1,092 mg to 1,560 mg based on individual response and tolerability. Because of the potential longer duration of INVEGA HAFYERA, the patient's response to an adjusted dose may not be apparent for several months [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
To avoid a missed dose, patients may be given the injection up to 2 weeks before or 3 weeks after the scheduled 6-month dose.
If a dose of INVEGA HAFYERA is missed, re-initiate with a PP1M product using the re-initiation regimens described in Tables 3 and 4.
If more than 6 months and 3 weeks but less than 8 months have elapsed since the last dose of INVEGA HAFYERA, do not administer the next dose of INVEGA HAFYERA. Instead, use the re-initiation regimen shown in Table 3:
If 8 months but up to and including 11 months have elapsed since the last dose of INVEGA HAFYERA, do not administer the next dose of INVEGA HAFYERA. Instead, use the re-initiation regimen shown in Table 4:
If more than 11 months have elapsed since the last dose of INVEGA HAFYERA, re-initiate treatment with a PP1M product as described in the prescribing information for that product. INVEGA HAFYERA can then be resumed after the patient has been adequately treated with a PP1M product for at least 4 months.
- Proper shaking can reduce the likelihood for an incomplete injection. Storing the carton in a horizontal orientation improves the ability to resuspend this highly concentrated product [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)].
- Follow the full instructions for preparation and administration to avoid an incomplete injection.
- In the event of an incompletely administered dose, do not re-inject the dose remaining in the syringe and do not administer another dose of INVEGA HAFYERA.
- Closely monitor and treat the patient with oral paliperidone supplementation as clinically appropriate until the next scheduled 6-month injection of INVEGA HAFYERA. See Prescribing Information of the oral paliperidone product for the recommended dosage of these products.
Administer every 6 months
| INVEGA HAFYERA™ (paliperidone palmitate) Shake syringe with the syringe tip cap pointing up VERY FAST for at least 15 seconds, rest briefly, then shake again for 15 seconds. For Gluteal Intramuscular injection only. |
| |
| Preparation | INVEGA HAFYERA requires longer and faster shaking than once-a-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (e.g., INVEGA SUSTENNA). INVEGA HAFYERA must be administered by a healthcare professional as a single injection. Do not divide dose into multiple injections. INVEGA HAFYERA is intended for gluteal intramuscular use only. Inject slowly, deep into the muscle taking care to avoid injection into a blood vessel. |
| Dosing | Administer INVEGA HAFYERA once every 6 months. |
| Thin Wall Safety Needle | Thin wall safety needle is designed to be used with INVEGA HAFYERA. Therefore, it is important to only use the needle provided in the INVEGA HAFYERA suspension kit. |
| Dose pack contents Prefilled Syringe | |
Thin Wall Safety Needle
20G × 1½" Only use the needle included in this kit | |
| 1. Prepare for the injection: this highly concentrated product requires specific steps to resuspend |
| Hold syringe with the tip cap pointing up | Syringe tip cap pointing up
|
Shake syringe VERY FAST for at least 15 seconds, rest briefly, then shake again for 15 seconds To ensure complete resuspension shake syringe with: - Short, VERY FAST up and down motion
- Loose wrist
| |
| Proceed to the next step immediately after shaking. |
Check suspension for solid product
|
Mixed well
| Not mixed well
STOP |
- Uniform, thick and milky white
- It is normal to see air bubbles
| - Solid product on sides and top of syringe
- Uneven mix
- Thin liquid
Product may clog.
|
| Shake syringe with the syringe tip cap pointing up VERY FAST for at least 15 seconds, rest, then shake again for 15 seconds. |
| Open needle pouch | Peel off the pouch cover. Place pouch with the needle inside on a clean surface. | |
| Remove syringe tip cap and attach needle | Hold the syringe with the tip cap pointing up. Twist and pull off the cap. Hold the syringe by the luer connection. Twist it into the safety needle with a gentle clockwise twisting motion. | | |
Pull back plunger Hold the syringe upright. Gently pull back the plunger to clear the syringe tip of any solid product. This will make pressing the plunger easier during the injection. | |
Remove air bubbles Press the plunger carefully until a drop of liquid comes out of the needle tip. | |
| 2. Slowly inject entire content and confirm |
Select and clean a gluteal injection site Wipe the gluteal site with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry. Do not touch, fan or blow on the injection site after you have cleaned it. | |
Remove needle sheath Pull the needle sheath away from the needle in a straight motion. Do not twist the sheath, as this may loosen the needle from the syringe. | |
Slowly inject and confirm Use slow, firm, consistent pressure to press the plunger completely. This should take approximately 30 seconds. Continue to press the plunger if you feel resistance. This is normal. | |
| |
| Remove needle from the muscle. |
| 3. After the injection | |
Secure needle After the injection is complete, use your thumb or a flat surface to secure the needle in the safety device. The needle is secure when you hear a "click" sound. | |
Dispose of properly and check injection site Dispose of the syringe in an approved sharps container. There may be a small amount of blood or liquid at the injection site. Hold pressure over the skin with a cotton ball or gauze pad until any bleeding stops. Do not rub the injection site. If needed, cover injection site with a bandage. | |
Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, have been reported in patients treated with all atypical antipsychotics. These cases were, for the most part, seen in post-marketing clinical use and epidemiologic studies, not in clinical trials. Hyperglycemia and diabetes have been reported in trial subjects treated with INVEGA HAFYERA. Assessment of the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and glucose abnormalities is complicated by the possibility of an increased background risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia and the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in the general population. Given these confounders, the relationship between atypical antipsychotic use and hyperglycemia-related adverse events is not completely understood. However, epidemiological studies suggest an increased risk of hyperglycemia-related adverse reactions in patients treated with the atypical antipsychotics.
Patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who are started on atypical antipsychotics should be monitored regularly for worsening of glucose control. Patients with risk factors for diabetes mellitus (e.g., obesity, family history of diabetes) who are starting treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing at the beginning of treatment and periodically during treatment. Any patient treated with atypical antipsychotics should be monitored for symptoms of hyperglycemia including polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness. Patients who develop symptoms of hyperglycemia during treatment with atypical antipsychotics should undergo fasting blood glucose testing. In some cases, hyperglycemia has resolved when the atypical antipsychotic was discontinued; however, some patients required continuation of anti-diabetic treatment despite discontinuation of the suspect drug.
Data from the randomized double-blind active controlled study with INVEGA HAFYERA in patients with schizophrenia are presented in Table 5.
Table 5. Change in Fasting Glucose from the randomized double-blind active controlled study with INVEGA HAFYERA in patients with schizophrenia| Total no. of patients The number of subjects with paired fasting data (baseline and any post baseline assessment). Using the conversion factor (1 mg/dL=0.05551 mmol/L) the ADA specified limits are as follows: Normal: <100 mg/dL (<5.551 mmol/L) Impaired: ≥100 mg/dL (≥5.551 mmol/L) to <126 mg/dL (<6.994 mmol/L) High: ≥126 mg/dL (≥6.994 mmol/L) 126 mg/dL=6.994 mmol/L; 140 mg/dL=7.771 mmol/L; 200 mg/dL=11.102 mmol/L; 300 mg/dL=16.653 mmol/L | PP3M PP3M – Every-three-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension N=195 | INVEGA HAFYERA N=423 |
|---|
| Normal to high | 3% | 4% |
| Impaired glucose tolerance to high | 4% | 5% |
| Normal/impaired glucose tolerance to high | 7% | 9% |
| <126 mg/dL to >=140 mg/dL | 4% | 5% |
| <126 mg/dL to >=200 mg/dL | 0 | 1% |
| <126 mg/dL to >=300 mg/dL | 0 | <1% |
Dyslipidemia
Undesirable alterations in lipids have been observed in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics.
Shifts in lipid parameters from the randomized double-blind active controlled study with INVEGA HAFYERA in patients with schizophrenia are presented in Table 6.
Table 6. Shifts in Fasting Lipids in the Double-Blind Phase from the randomized active controlled study with INVEGA HAFYERA in patients with schizophrenia | PP3M PP3M – Every-three-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension. N=194 | INVEGA HAFYERA N=423 |
|---|
| For each fasting parameter, subjects with both Baseline (DB) record and any post baseline (DB) record during Double-Blind Phase are included in the denominator. |
| Fasting Cholesterol (mg/dL) | | |
| <200 mg/dL to >=240 mg/dL | 2 (1%) | 3 (0.7%) |
| Fasting HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | | |
| >=40 mg/dL to <40 mg/dL | 28 (14%) | 55 (13%) |
| Fasting LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | | |
| <100 mg/dL to >=160 mg/dL | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) |
| Fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) | | |
| <150 mg/dL to >=200 mg/dL | 22 (11%) | 22 (5%) |
Change in Body Weight
Weight gain has been observed with atypical antipsychotic use. Clinical monitoring of weight is recommended. In the randomized active controlled clinical study of INVEGA HAFYERA, the overall mean weight change during the double-blind Phase was similar to PP3M.
Patient Exposure
The data described in this section is derived from the randomized double-blind active controlled non-inferiority study of INVEGA HAFYERA and 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension. During the double-blind phase, 478 patients were randomized to receive 2 injection cycles of INVEGA HAFYERA over a 12-month duration. The mean (SD) duration of exposure was 329.8 (86.97) days in the INVEGA HAFYERA group and 336.4 (80.89) days in the PP3M group during the double-blind phase:
Adverse Reactions in the Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial
Commonly Observed Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (incidence at least 5% in the double-blind Phase) of the INVEGA HAFYERA clinical trial were, upper respiratory tract infection, injection site reaction, weight increased, headache and parkinsonism.
Discontinuation of Treatment Due to Adverse Reactions: In the double-blind phase of the INVEGA HAFYERA clinical trial 1.3% of subjects in the INVEGA HAFYERA group and 0.4% of subjects in the 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension group discontinued due to adverse reactions.
Adverse Reactions Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More in INVEGA HAFYERA-Treated Patients: Table 7 lists the adverse reactions reported in the INVEGA HAFYERA clinical trial.
Table 7. Incidences of Adverse Reactions 2% or More of INVEGA HAFYERA-Treated Patients for the Double-Blind Phase of the Randomized Double-blind Active Controlled Trial in Patients with Schizophrenia | Double Blind |
|---|
| System Organ Class | PP3M PP3M – Every-three-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (N=224) % | INVEGA HAFYERA (N=478) % |
|---|
| Adverse Reaction |
|---|
| Gastrointestinal disorders | | |
| Diarrhea The following terms were combined: Diarrhea includes: Diarrhea, Diarrhea infectious. Injection site reaction: includes Injection site reaction, Injection site discomfort, Injection site erythema, Injection site hemorrhage, Injection site induration, Injection site nodule, Injection site oedema, Injection site pain, Injection site swelling. Weight increased includes: Weight increased, Body mass index increased, Obesity, Waist circumference increased. Upper respiratory tract infection includes: Upper respiratory tract infection, Nasopharyngitis, Pharyngitis, Rhinitis, Viral pharyngitis, Viral upper respiratory tract infection. Back pain includes: Back pain, Neck pain, Spinal pain. Musculoskeletal pain includes: Musculoskeletal pain, Musculoskeletal chest pain, Myalgia, Pain in extremity. Akathisia includes: Akathisia, Restless legs syndrome, Restlessness. Extrapyramidal symptoms includes: blepharospasms, bradykinesia, drooling, dyskinesia, dystonia, hypokinesia, musculoskeletal stiffness, muscle rigidity, muscle spasms, oculogyric crisis, Parkinsonism, Parkinsonism rest tremor, reduced facial expression, tardive dyskinesia. Insomnia includes: Insomnia, Initial insomnia, Middle insomnia. Psychosis includes: acute psychosis, delusion, delusion of reference, hallucination (auditory), psychotic disorder, psychotic symptom, and schizophrenia. | 1 | 2 |
| General disorders and administration site conditions | | |
| Injection site reaction | 5 | 11 |
| Infections and infestations | | |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 13 | 12 |
| Urinary tract infection | 1 | 3 |
| Metabolism and nutrition disorders | | |
| Weight increased | 8 | 9 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | | |
| Back pain | 1 | 3 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | 1 | 3 |
| Nervous system disorders | | |
| Akathisia | 4 | 4 |
| Headache | 5 | 7 |
| Extrapyramidal symptoms | 5 | 7 |
| Psychiatric disorders | | |
| Psychosis | 3 | 3 |
| Anxiety | 0 | 3 |
| Insomnia | 2 | 3 |
Demographic Differences
An examination of population subgroups in the INVEGA HAFYERA trial did not reveal any evidence of differences in safety on the basis of age, gender, or race alone.
Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)
Data from the randomized double-blind active controlled study provided information regarding EPS. Several methods were used to measure EPS: (1) the Simpson-Angus Rating Scale Global Score which broadly evaluates parkinsonism, (2) the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale Global Clinical Rating Score which evaluates akathisia, (3) the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores which evaluates dyskinesia, and (4) use of anticholinergic medications to treat EPS (Table 8) and (5) incidence of spontaneous reports of EPS (Table 9).
Table 8. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) Assessed by Rating Scales Incidence and Use of Anticholinergic Medication During the Double-blind Phase | PP3M PP3M - Every-three-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension (N=224) % | INVEGA HAFYERA (N=478) % |
|---|
| Note: Percentages are calculated based on number of subjects in the DB Safety analysis set per treatment group. |
| Use of Anticholinergic Medication Use of Anti-EPS Medication During the Double-blind Phase | 13 | 15 |
| Parkinsonism Percent of subjects with Simpson-Angus Scale Global Score >0.3(Global Score defined as total sum of items score divided by the number of items). | 6 | 7 |
| Akathisia Percent of subjects with Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale Global Clinical Rating Score ≥2 | 3 | 3 |
| Dyskinesia Percent of subjects with a score ≥3 on any of the first seven items or a score ≥2 on two or more of any of the first seven items of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale | 1 | 1 |
Table 9. Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)-Related Events by MedDRA Preferred Term | Double-blind Phase |
|---|
| EPS Group | PP3M PP3M – Every-three-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension Parkinsonism group includes: Bradykinesia, drooling, hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, musculoskeletal stiffness, parkinsonism, parkinsonian rest tremor, reduced facial expression Hyperkinesia group includes: Akathisia, restlessness, restless legs syndrome Dyskinesia group includes: Dyskinesia, muscle twitching, tardive dyskinesia Dystonia group includes: Blepharospasm, dystonia, muscle spasms, oculogyric crisis (N=224) % | INVEGA HAFYERA (N=478) % |
|---|
| Overall percentage of subjects with EPS-related adverse events | 9 | 10 |
| Parkinsonism | 4 | 5 |
| Hyperkinesia | 4 | 4 |
| Tremor | 0 | <1 |
| Dyskinesia | 1 | 2 |
| Dystonia | 1 | 1 |
Dystonia
Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first-generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups.
Pain Assessment and Local Injection Site Reactions
Investigator ratings of injection site. Induration, redness and swelling were observed in 13% in the INVEGA HAFYERA group and 9% in the PP3M group during the double-blind Phase. Investigator evaluation of tenderness was higher for subjects in the INVEGA HAFYERA group versus the 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension group (31% vs. 19%) during the double-blind Phase. Active INVEGA HAFYERA medication was given at double-blind baseline and Month 6, while placebo medication was given at the other injection times.
Subject ratings of injection site pain. The average score for the subject's evaluation of injection pain on a scale of 0 to 100 was approximately 16 at the open-label Phase end point and approximately 5 in both groups at the double-blind Phase end point.
Other Adverse Reactions Observed During the Clinical Trial Evaluation of INVEGA HAFYERA
The following additional adverse reactions were identified in the randomized double-blind active controlled study. The following list does not include reactions: 1) already listed in previous tables or elsewhere in labeling, 2) for which a drug cause was remote, 3) which were so general as to be uninformative, 4) which were not considered to have significant clinical implications.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: anemia
Cardiac disorders: bradycardia, tachycardia
Ear and labyrinth disorders: vertigo
Gastrointestinal disorders: constipation, nausea, vomiting
General disorders and administration site conditions: fatigue
Hepatobiliary disorders: transaminases increased
Infections and infestations: cystitis, respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis
Metabolism and nutritional disorders: decreased appetite, increased appetite, weight decreased
Psychiatric disorders: depression
Reproductive system and breast disorders: breast pain, menstrual disorder
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rash
Vascular disorders: hypertension
Additional Adverse Reactions Reported in Clinical Trials with the 1-Month and 3-Month Paliperidone Palmitate Extended-Release Injectable Suspension
The following is a list of additional adverse reactions that have been reported in clinical trials with the 1-month and 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspensions that are not listed elsewhere:
Cardiac disorders: atrioventricular block first degree, bundle branch block, palpitations, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Eye disorders: eye movement disorder, eye rolling, oculogyric crisis, vision blurred
Gastrointestinal disorders: abdominal discomfort/abdominal pain upper, diarrhea, dry mouth, toothache
General disorders and administration site conditions: asthenia, chest discomfort
Immune system disorders: hypersensitivity
Investigations: electrocardiogram abnormal
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hyperinsulinemia
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: myalgia, pain in extremity, joint stiffness, muscle spasms, muscle twitching, nuchal rigidity
Nervous system disorders: bradykinesia, cerebrovascular accident, convulsion, dizziness, dizziness postural, dysarthria, hypertonia, lethargy, oromandibular dystonia, psychomotor hyperactivity, syncope
Psychiatric disorders: agitation, nightmare
Reproductive system and breast disorders: breast discharge, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, sexual dysfunction
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: cough
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: drug eruption, eczema, pruritus, pruritus generalized, urticaria
Vascular disorders: hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
Additional Adverse Reactions Reported in Clinical Trials with Oral Paliperidone
The following is a list of additional adverse reactions that have been reported in clinical trials with oral paliperidone:
Cardiac disorders: bundle branch block left, sinus arrhythmia
Gastrointestinal disorders: abdominal pain, constipation, flatulence, small intestinal obstruction
General disorders and administration site conditions: edema, edema peripheral
Immune system disorders: anaphylactic reaction
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthralgia, torticollis, trismus
Nervous system disorders: grand mal convulsion, parkinsonian gait, transient ischemic attack
Psychiatric disorders: sleep disorder
Reproductive system and breast disorders: breast engorgement, breast tenderness, retrograde ejaculation
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: nasal congestion, pharyngolaryngeal pain, pneumonia aspiration
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: rash papular
Vascular disorders: ischemia
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to atypical antipsychotics, including INVEGA HAFYERA, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics at 1-866-961-2388 or online at http://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/.
Risk Summary
Neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery (see Clinical Considerations). Overall, available data from published epidemiologic studies of pregnant women exposed to paliperidone have not established a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data). There are risks to the mother associated with untreated schizophrenia and with exposure to antipsychotics, including INVEGA HAFYERA during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). Paliperidone has been detected in plasma in adult subjects up to 18 months after a single-dose administration of 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The clinical significance of INVEGA HAFYERA administered before pregnancy or anytime during pregnancy is not known.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
In animal reproduction studies, there were no treatment related effects on the offspring when pregnant rats were injected intramuscularly with paliperidone palmitate or when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with paliperidone during the period of organogenesis. Additional reproduction toxicity studies were conducted with orally administered risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone (see Animal Data).
Clinical Considerations
Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk
There is a risk to the mother from untreated schizophrenia, including increased risk of relapse, hospitalization, and suicide. Schizophrenia is associated with increased adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth. It is not known if this is a direct result of the illness or other comorbid factors.
Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions
Extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms, including agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder have been reported in neonates who were exposed to antipsychotic drugs, including INVEGA HAFYERA, during the third trimester of pregnancy. These symptoms have varied in severity. Monitor neonates for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms and manage symptoms appropriately. Some neonates recovered within hours or days without specific treatment; others required prolonged hospitalization.
Data
Human Data
Published data from observational studies, birth registries, and case reports on the use of atypical antipsychotics during pregnancy do not report a clear association with antipsychotics and major birth defects. A prospective observational study including 6 women treated with risperidone, the parent compound of paliperidone, demonstrated placental passage of risperidone and paliperidone. A retrospective cohort study from a Medicaid database of 9258 women exposed to antipsychotics during pregnancy did not indicate an overall increased risk for major birth defects. There was a small increase in the risk of major birth defects (RR=1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56) and of cardiac malformations (RR=1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.81) in a subgroup of 1566 women exposed to the parent compound of paliperidone, risperidone, during the first trimester of pregnancy; however, there is no mechanism of action to explain the difference in malformation rates.
Animal Data
No developmental toxicity studies were conducted with the 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension.
There were no treatment-related effects on the offspring when pregnant rats were injected intramuscularly with 1-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 250 mg/kg, which is ~10 times the MRHD of 234 mg of the 1-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension based on mg/m2 body surface area.
In animal reproduction studies, there were no increases in fetal abnormalities when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with paliperidone during the period of organogenesis with up to 8 times the oral MRHD of 12 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area.
Additional reproduction toxicity studies were conducted with orally administered risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone. Cleft palate was observed in the offspring of pregnant mice treated with risperidone at 3 to 4 times the MRHD of 16 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area; maternal toxicity occurred at 4 times the MRHD. There was no evidence of teratogenicity in embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies with risperidone in rats and rabbits at doses up to 6 times the MRHD of 16 mg/day risperidone based on mg/m2 body surface area. When the offspring of pregnant rats, treated with risperidone at 0.6 times the MRHD based on mg/m2 body surface area, reached adulthood, learning was impaired. Increased neuronal cell death occurred in the fetal brains of the offspring of pregnant rats treated at 0.5 to 1.2 times the MRHD; the postnatal development and growth of the offspring was delayed.
In rat reproduction studies with risperidone, pup deaths occurred at oral doses which are less than the MRHD of risperidone based on mg/m2 body surface area; it is not known whether these deaths were due to a direct effect on the fetuses or pups or, to effects on the dams.
Risk Summary
Limited data from published literature report the presence of paliperidone in human breast milk. There is no information on the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production; however, there are reports of sedation, failure to thrive, jitteriness, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements) in breastfed infants exposed to paliperidone's parent compound, risperidone (see Clinical Considerations). Paliperidone has been detected in plasma in adult subjects up to 18 months after a single-dose administration of 3-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension. The clinical significance on the breastfed infant is not known [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for INVEGA HAFYERA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from INVEGA HAFYERA or from the mother's underlying condition.
Clinical Considerations
Infants exposed to INVEGA HAFYERA through breastmilk should be monitored for excess sedation, failure to thrive, jitteriness, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements).
Infertility
Females
Based on the pharmacologic action of paliperidone (D2 receptor antagonism), treatment with INVEGA HAFYERA may result in an increase in serum prolactin levels, which may lead to a reversible reduction in fertility in females of reproductive potential [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].
Juvenile Animal Studies
No juvenile animal studies were conducted with the 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension.
In a study in which juvenile rats were treated with oral paliperidone from days 24 to 73 of age, a reversible impairment of performance in a test of learning and memory was seen, in females only, with a no-effect dose of 0.63 mg/kg/day, which produced plasma levels (AUC) of paliperidone similar to those in adolescents dosed at 12 mg/day. No other consistent effects on neurobehavioral or reproductive development were seen up to the highest dose tested (2.5 mg/kg/day), which produced plasma levels of paliperidone 2–3 times those in adolescents.
Juvenile dogs were treated for 40 weeks with oral risperidone, which is extensively metabolized to paliperidone in animals and humans, at doses of 0.31, 1.25, or 5 mg/kg/day. Decreased bone length and density were seen with a no-effect dose of 0.31 mg/kg/day, which produced plasma levels (AUC) of risperidone plus paliperidone which were similar to those in children and adolescents receiving the MRHD of risperidone. In addition, a delay in sexual maturation was seen at all doses in both males and females. The above effects showed little or no reversibility in females after a 12-week drug-free recovery period.
Human Experience
No cases of overdose were reported in premarketing studies with paliperidone palmitate injection.
While experience with paliperidone overdose is limited, among the few cases of overdose reported in premarketing trials with oral paliperidone, the highest estimated ingestion was 405 mg. Observed signs and symptoms included extrapyramidal symptoms and gait unsteadiness. Other potential signs and symptoms include those resulting from an exaggeration of paliperidone's known pharmacological effects, i.e., drowsiness and sedation, tachycardia and hypotension, and QT prolongation. Torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation have been reported in a patient in the setting of overdose with oral paliperidone.
Paliperidone is the major active metabolite of risperidone. Refer to the OVERDOSAGE section of the risperidone prescribing information for overdose experience with risperidone.
Management of Overdosage
Contact a Certified Poison Control Center for the most up to date information on the management of paliperidone and INVEGA HAFYERA overdosage (1-800-222-1222 or www.poison.org). Provide supportive care, including close medical supervision and monitoring. Treatment should consist of general measures employed in the management of overdosage with any drug. Consider the possibility of multiple drug overdosage. Ensure an adequate airway, oxygenation, and ventilation. Monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs. Use supportive and symptomatic measures. There is no specific antidote to paliperidone.
Consider the extended-release characteristics of INVEGA HAFYERA and the half-life of paliperidone when assessing treatment needs and recovery.
Absorption
Due to its extremely low water solubility, the 6-month formulation of paliperidone palmitate dissolves slowly after intramuscular injection before being hydrolyzed to paliperidone and absorbed into the systemic circulation. The release of the drug starts as early as day 1 and is predicted to last longer than 18 months.
Following gluteal injection(s) of INVEGA HAFYERA at doses of 1,092 or 1,560 mg plasma concentrations of paliperidone rise to reach maximum concentrations at a median Tmax of 29 to 32 days. The release profile and dosing regimen of INVEGA HAFYERA results in sustained concentrations over 6 months. The total and peak dose-normalized exposures of paliperidone following INVEGA HAFYERA administration were comparable between 1,092 mg and 1,560 mg dose levels. The median steady-state peak:trough ratio for an INVEGA HAFYERA dose is 3.1 and 3.0 following gluteal administration of 1,092 and 1,560 mg respectively.
Distribution
Following administration of INVEGA HAFYERA, the apparent volume of distribution of paliperidone is 1,960 L.
The plasma protein binding of racemic paliperidone is 74%.
Elimination
Metabolism
In a study with oral immediate-release 14C-paliperidone, one week following administration of a single oral dose of 1 mg immediate-release 14C-paliperidone, 59% of the dose was excreted unchanged into urine, indicating that paliperidone is not extensively metabolized in the liver. Approximately 80% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and 11% in the feces. Four metabolic pathways have been identified in vivo, none of which accounted for more than 10% of the dose: dealkylation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and benzisoxazole scission. Although in vitro studies suggested a role for CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in the metabolism of paliperidone, there is no evidence in vivo that these isozymes play a significant role in the metabolism of paliperidone. Population pharmacokinetics analyses indicated no discernible difference on the apparent clearance of paliperidone after administration of oral paliperidone between extensive metabolizers and poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 substrates.
Excretion
The median apparent half-life of paliperidone following a single INVEGA HAFYERA of either 1,092 or 1,560 mg was 148 and 159 days respectively. the concentration of paliperidone remaining in the circulation 18 months after dosing of 1,560 mg 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension stopped is estimated to be 18% of the average steady-state levels.
Drug Interaction Studies
No specific drug interaction studies have been performed with INVEGA HAFYERA. The information below is obtained from studies with oral paliperidone.
Effects of other drugs on the exposures of INVEGA HAFYERA are summarized in Figure 1. After oral administration of 20 mg/day of paroxetine (a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor), an increase in mean Cmax and AUC values at steady-state was observed (see Figure 1). Higher doses of paroxetine have not been studied. The clinical relevance is unknown. After oral administration of paliperidone, a decrease in mean Cmax and AUC values at steady state is expected when patients are treated with carbamazepine, a strong inducer of both CYP3A4 and P-gp [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. This decrease is caused, to a substantial degree, by a 35% increase in renal clearance of paliperidone.
Figure 1: Effects of Other Drugs on INVEGA HAFYERA Pharmacokinetics
In vitro studies indicate that CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 may be involved in paliperidone metabolism, however, there is no evidence in vivo that inhibitors of these enzymes significantly affect the metabolism of paliperidone; they contribute to only a small fraction of total body clearance. In vitro studies demonstrated that paliperidone is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) [see Drug Interactions (7.2)].
Co-administration of a single dose of an oral paliperidone extended-release tablet 12 mg with divalproex sodium extended-release tablets (two 500 mg tablets once daily) resulted in an increase of approximately 50% in the Cmax and AUC of paliperidone. Since no significant effect on the systemic clearance was observed, a clinically significant interaction would not be expected between divalproex sodium extended-release tablets and INVEGA HAFYERA. This interaction has not been studied with INVEGA HAFYERA.
In vitro studies in human liver microsomes demonstrated that paliperidone does not substantially inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isozymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8/9/10, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. Therefore, paliperidone is not expected to inhibit clearance of drugs that are metabolized by these metabolic pathways in a clinically relevant manner. Paliperidone is also not expected to have enzyme inducing properties.
Paliperidone is a weak inhibitor of P-gp at high concentrations. No in vivo data are available, and the clinical relevance is unknown.
The effects of INVEGA HAFYERA on the exposures of other drugs are summarized in Figure 2.
After oral administration of paliperidone, the steady-state Cmax and AUC of valproate were not affected in 13 patients stabilized on valproate. In a clinical study, subjects on stable doses of valproate had comparable valproate average plasma concentrations when oral paliperidone extended-release tablets 3–15 mg/day was added to their existing valproate treatment [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Figure 2: Effects of INVEGA HAFYERA on Pharmacokinetics of Other Drugs
Specific Populations
No specific pharmacokinetic studies have been performed with INVEGA HAFYERA in specific populations. All the information is obtained from studies with oral paliperidone or is based on the population pharmacokinetic modelling of oral paliperidone and INVEGA HAFYERA. Exposures of paliperidone in specific populations (renal impairment, hepatic impairment and elderly) are summarized in Figure 3 [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
After oral administration of paliperidone in patients with moderate hepatic impairment, the plasma concentrations of free paliperidone were similar to those of healthy subjects, although total paliperidone exposure decreased because of a decrease in protein binding. Paliperidone has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Geriatric Patients
After oral administration of paliperidone in elderly subjects, the Cmax and AUC increased 1.2-fold compared to young subjects. This may be attributable to age-related decreases in creatinine clearance [see Dosage and Administration (2.5) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Figure 3: Effects of Intrinsic factors on Paliperidone Pharmacokinetics
Smokers
Based on in vitro studies utilizing human liver enzymes, paliperidone is not a substrate for CYP1A2; smoking should, therefore, not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of paliperidone.
Male and Female Patients
Slower absorption was observed in females in a population pharmacokinetic analysis. At apparent steady-state with 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension the trough concentrations were similar between males and females.
Obese Patients
Lower Cmax was observed in overweight and obese subjects. At apparent steady state with INVEGA HAFYERA, the trough concentrations were similar among normal, overweight, and obese subjects.
Carcinogenesis
No carcinogenicity studies were conducted with the 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension.
The carcinogenic potential of intramuscularly injected 1-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension was assessed in rats. There was an increase in mammary gland adenocarcinomas in female rats at 16, 47, and 94 mg/kg/month, which are ~0.7, 2 and 4 times, respectively, the MRHD of 234 mg of the 1-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release suspension based on mg/m2 body surface area. A no-effect dose was not established. Male rats showed an increase in mammary gland adenomas, fibroadenomas, and carcinomas at ~2 and 4 times the MRHD of 234 mg of the 1-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release suspension based on mg/m2 body surface area. A carcinogenicity study in mice has not been conducted with paliperidone palmitate.
Carcinogenicity studies with risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone in rats, mice, and humans, were conducted in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats. Risperidone was administered in the diet at daily doses of 0.63, 2.5, and 10 mg/kg for 18 months to mice and for 25 months to rats. A maximum tolerated dose was not achieved in male mice. There were statistically significant increases in pituitary gland adenomas, endocrine pancreas adenomas, and mammary gland adenocarcinomas. The no-effect dose for these tumors was less than or equal to the maximum recommended human dose of risperidone based on mg/m2 body surface area (see risperidone package insert). An increase in mammary, pituitary, and endocrine pancreas neoplasms has been found in rodents after chronic administration of other antipsychotic drugs and is considered to be mediated by prolonged dopamine D2 antagonism and hyperprolactinemia. The relevance of these tumor findings in rodents to human risk is unclear [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
Mutagenesis
Paliperidone palmitate showed no genotoxicity in the in vitro Ames bacterial reverse mutation test or the mouse lymphoma assay. Paliperidone was not genotoxic in the in vitro Ames bacterial reverse mutation test, the mouse lymphoma assay or the in vivo rat bone marrow micronucleus test.
Impairment of Fertility
No fertility studies were conducted with the 6-month paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension.
In an oral paliperidone study of fertility, the percentage of treated female rats that became pregnant was not affected at oral doses of paliperidone of up to 2.5 mg/kg/day which is 2 times the oral MRHD of 12 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area. However, pre- and post-implantation loss was increased, and the number of live embryos was slightly decreased, at 2.5 mg/kg, a dose that also caused slight maternal toxicity. These parameters were not affected at an oral dose of 0.63 mg/kg, which is half of the oral MRHD of 12 mg based on mg/m2 body surface area.
The fertility of male rats was not affected at oral doses of paliperidone of up to 2 times the oral MRHD of 12 mg/day based on mg/m2 body surface area, although sperm count and sperm viability studies were not conducted with paliperidone. In a subchronic study in Beagle dogs with risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone in dogs and humans, all doses tested (0.31 mg/kg - 5.0 mg/kg) resulted in decreases in serum testosterone and in sperm motility and concentration (0.6 to 10 times the MRHD of 16 mg/day for risperidone, based on mg/m2 body surface area). Serum testosterone and sperm parameters partially recovered, but remained decreased after the last observation (two months after treatment was discontinued).
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
Counsel patients about a potentially fatal side effect referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) that has been reported in association with administration of antipsychotic drugs. Patients should contact their health care provider or report to the emergency room if they experience the following signs and symptoms of NMS, including hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Tardive Dyskinesia
Counsel patients on the signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and to contact their health care provider if these abnormal movements occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Metabolic Changes
Educate patients about the risk of metabolic changes, how to recognize symptoms of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and diabetes mellitus (e.g., polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weakness), and the need for specific monitoring, including blood glucose, lipids, and weight [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Orthostatic Hypotension
Educate patients about the risk of orthostatic hypotension, particularly at the time of initiating treatment, re-initiating treatment, or increasing the dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)].
Leukopenia/Neutropenia
Advise patients with a pre-existing low WBC or a history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia they should have their CBC monitored while taking INVEGA HAFYERA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)].
Hyperprolactinemia
Counsel patients on signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia that may be associated with chronic use of INVEGA HAFYERA. Advise them to seek medical attention if they experience any of the following: amenorrhea or galactorrhea in females, erectile dysfunction or gynecomastia in males. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.10)].
Interference with Cognitive and Motor Performance
As INVEGA HAFYERA has the potential to impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills, caution patients about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that INVEGA HAFYERA therapy does not affect them adversely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)].
Priapism
Advise patients of the possibility of painful or prolonged penile erections (priapism). Instruct the patient to seek immediate medical attention in the event of priapism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14)].
Heat Exposure and Dehydration
Counsel patients on the importance of avoiding overheating and dehydration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15)].
Concomitant Medication
Advise patients to inform their health care providers if they are taking, or plan to take any prescription or over-the-counter drugs, as there is a potential for interactions [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Pregnancy
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during treatment with INVEGA HAFYERA. Advise patients that INVEGA HAFYERA may cause extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms in a neonate. Advise patients that there is a pregnancy registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to INVEGA HAFYERA during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Lactation
Advise breastfeeding women using INVEGA HAFYERA to monitor infants for somnolence, failure to thrive, jitteriness, and extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors and abnormal muscle movements) and to seek medical care if they notice these signs [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
Infertility
Advise females of reproductive potential that INVEGA HAFYERA may impair fertility due to an increase in serum prolactin levels. The effects on fertility are reversible [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
INVEGA HAFYERA (paliperidone palmitate) Extended-Release Injectable Suspension
INVEGA TRINZA® INVEGA SUSTENNA®, RISPERDAL®, and RISPERDAL CONSTA® are trademarks of Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Product of Ireland
Manufactured by:
Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V.
Beerse, Belgium
Manufactured for:
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Titusville, NJ 08560
© 2021 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies